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O papel da articula??o semi?rido brasileiro (ASA) e o Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas (P1MC) no semi?rido potiguar / The role of the Brazilian articulation of the semi-arid (ASA) and the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC) in the semi-arid potiguarDutra, Camila Kayssa Targino 11 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / A regi?o semi?rida brasileira que ocupa significativamente a por??o Nordeste ? uma das ?reas mais populosas do Brasil. Todavia, grande parte da popula??o ainda n?o possui o devido a-cesso ? ?gua. As pol?ticas p?blicas e programas governamentais voltados para essa regi?o, ainda est?o distantes de promover a descentraliza??o para a democratiza??o do acesso ? ?gua. Historicamente, a a??o estatal, quando presente, tratou de priorizar a constru??o de grandes obras de reservat?rios de ?gua, que acabaram fortalecendo a chamada ?ind?stria da seca?. No final da d?cada de 1990, em meio a um grande per?odo de estiagem na regi?o semi?rida brasi-leira, diversas entidades da sociedade civil se juntam para criar a Articula??o Semi?rido Bra-sileiro (ASA), institui??o cujo objetivo ? coordenar a??es de conviv?ncia com o semi?rido, dentre elas, o de democratizar o acesso ? ?gua, que se fez principalmente por meio da implan-ta??o do Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas (P1MC) a partir do uso de Tecnologias Sociais. A proposta prev? a constru??o de cisternas para capta??o e armazenamento de ?guas pluviais, com o objetivo de abastecimento humano. Esta a??o tem sido objeto de in?meros debates acad?micos e pol?ticos que buscam destacar os limites e as possibilidades dessa pol?tica. As-sim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa realizar uma an?lise da pol?tica p?blica P1MC j? implan-tada e, outras em fase de implanta??o, com o prop?sito de compreender sua capacidade en-quanto estrat?gias de conviv?ncia com o semi?rido para os agricultores, agricultoras e mora-dores da zona rural de Apodi-RN. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa, com realiza??o de entrevistas semiestruturadas, feitas com os t?cnicos ligados ? Coordena??o da ASA Potiguar, bem como, com os beneficiados da pol?tica p?blica P1MC. Os resultados encontrados infor-mam que h? necessidade de complementariedade ao Programa, isto ?, o funcionamento do P1MC est? vinculado a exist?ncias de chuvas na regi?o em que est? implantado, n?o havendo chuvas e/ou se estas forem em menor quantidade, ser? necess?rio promover o acesso ? ?gua para as fam?lias beneficiadas de outras maneiras. Verificou-se tamb?m que o Programa P1MC contribui na diminui??o da penosidade do trabalho das mulheres, tendo em vista que n?o ? mais necess?rio ir para outras localidades conseguir ?gua para consumo da fam?lia; o Progra-ma P1+2 contribui tamb?m para manter pequenos cultivos na resid?ncia dos beneficiados; a implanta??o dos Programas propiciou maior organiza??o, pois promoveu a cria??o de Associ-a??es Comunit?rias em comunidades que n?o possu?am. / The Brazilian semi-arid region that occupies significantly the Northeast portion is one of the most populated areas of Brazil. However, much of the population still doesn?t have access to water. Public policies and government programs aimed at this region are still far from pro-moting decentralization for the democratization of access to water. Historically, State action, when present, tried to prioritize the construction of large works of water reservoirs, which ended up strengthening the so-called "drought industry". At the end of the 1990s, in the midst of a great period of drought in the Brazilian semi-arid region, several civil society entities come together to create the Articulation of the Brazilian Semi-Arid (ASA). The institution was to coordinate actions to coexist with the Semi-Arid region among them and to democra-tize access to water, which was done mainly through the implementation of the One Million Cisterns (P1MC) Program. The proposal provided for the construction of cisterns to capture and store rainwater, with the objective of human supply. This action has been the object of numerous academic and political debates that seek to highlight the limits and possibilities of this policy. Thus, the objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the P1MC pub-lic policy already in place and, in the implementation phase, with the purpose of understand-ing its capacity as strategies for coexistence with the semi-arid region for farmers, farmers and rural dwellers. Apodi-RN. The research has a qualitative nature, with semi-structured interviews with the technicians linked to the Coordination of ASA Potiguar, as well as with the beneficiaries of the P1MC public policy. The results indicate the program is dependent upon rainfall in the region. If there is little or no rainfall the P1MC is less effective therefore it is necessary to promote access to water for beneficiary families in other ways. It was also found that the P1MC Program contributes to the reduction of the painfulness of women's work, since it is no longer necessary to go to other localities to obtain water for consumption by the family; The P1 + 2 Program also contributes to maintaining small crops in the benefi-ciaries' homes; The implementation of the Programs provided greater organization, as it pro-moted the creation of Community Associations in communities that did not have.
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Avalia??o do Programa um Milh?o de Cisternas Rurais (P1MC): efic?cia, efici?ncia e efetividade nos territ?rios do Rio Grande do Norte (2003/2015)Morais, Hugo Azevedo Rangel de 21 June 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / A escassez de ?gua ? um problema recorrente na regi?o do semi?rido brasileiro, mas, precisamente no Nordeste, surgiram v?rias tentativas, mediante a??es p?blicas sociais de ?salva??o?, de corre??o das consequ?ncias da seca. A partir da d?cada de 1980, no processo de redemocratiza??o do pa?s de buscar alternativas para o desenvolvimento do semi?rido brasileiro, come?aram a existir algumas mudan?as na interven??o na regi?o a partir das organiza??es da sociedade civil, que passaram a realizar projetos com base na ideia de que ? poss?vel e necess?rio conviver com o semi?rido, representando a transi??o paradigm?tica na qual o modelo de ?combate ? seca? ? criticado em favor da ?conviv?ncia com o semi?rido?. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou analisar os resultados do Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas Rurais (P1MC) diante dos indicadores de efic?cia, efici?ncia e efetividade. O programa, idealizado pela sociedade civil em 1999, apresenta como componentes a mobiliza??o, o controle social, a capacita??o, a comunica??o, o fortalecimento institucional e a constru??o de cisternas de placas de 16 mil litros para capta??o de ?gua de chuvas por meio de calhas no telhado do domic?lio rural. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva, o universo compreendeu os 10 territ?rios do Rio Grande do Norte, a abordagem foi quantitativa e qualitativa. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se an?lise envolt?ria de dados, na etapa quantitativa, e an?lise de conte?do, na etapa qualitativa, tendo como fonte de coleta entrevistas estruturadas com atores do P1MC. Os resultados apontaram que, em termos de efic?cia, representada pelas metas f?sicas pr?-estabelecidas, o programa ficou aqu?m do esperado; quanto ? efici?ncia, destacaram-se os territ?rios de Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor? e Mato Grande. Na rela??o popula??o rural versus cisternas constru?das, no tocante ? efetividade, verificou-se que os pressupostos do programa s?o atendidos, os participantes compreendem que o programa n?o tem como finalidade ?nica a constru??o da cisterna, mas sim proporcionar mudan?as na vida das pessoas a partir dela, o que converge com os objetivos do programa, representando uma a??o bem-sucedida. / Water scarcity is a recurrent problem in the Brazilian semi-arid, more precisely in the
Northeast. The first initiatives, of attention to drought, emerged through public social
actions of "salvation", mitigation of drought consequences. It lasted, until the 1980s,
this perspective of "drought relief". From the 1980s, with the democratization of the
Country and the state reform, new alternatives for the development of the Brazilian
semi-arid began to emerge from civil society organizations, which began to
implement projects based on the ideal that it is possible and necessary to coexist
with the semi-arid. This movement represented a paradigmatic inflection - instead of
"drought relief" emerges "coexistence with the semi-arid". This study lies, therefore,
in this new moment of public actions aimed at semi-arid, assuming the intent to
systematize results of the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC) in front of
efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness indicators. The Program, designed and
implemented by civil society organization since 1999, has as components
mobilization, social control, training, communication, institutional strengthening and
building of plates cisterns of 16,000 liters for rain water harvesting through gutters on
the roof of the rural home. The research was descriptive, the universe comprised the
10 territories of Rio Grande do Norte, the approach was quantitative and qualitative.
For the treatment of quantitative data, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used
through Siadv software and, in the qualitative stage, content analysis with assistance
of NVivo 11 software, having as source of collection structured interviews with the
actors of P1MC. The quantitative stage led to the determination of efficiency and
efficacy indicators, while the qualitative stage enabled the interpretation of
effectiveness, occurred based on the five principles expressed in P1MC by Brazilian
Semi-Arid Articulation (ASA), a network of non-governmental organizations
responsible for the design from the Program. Results showed that, in terms of
efficacy, represented by pre-established physical goals, the Program was less than
expectated. In terms of efficiency, the territories of Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor?
and Mato Grande were highlighted, with relative performances above the state
average in front of rural population of the territory versus number of built cisterns
relation. Regarding the effectiveness, the Program assumptions are widely met in
content and form. Representatives of interested segments - performers, community
mobilizers and beneficiaries - report, in this research, that P1MC is not restricted to
priority of water access, but also the formulation of a new standard of coexistence
with the semi-arid, through the change in conscience of beneficiaries and the
mobilization of served families and communities.
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Teores de glomalina e subst?ncias h?micas em diferentes est?gios sucessionais de floresta seca / Glomalin and humic substances levels in different sucessional stages of a dry forestDINIZ, Jurema Diniz 02 June 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study contributes to understanding the relationship between tropical dry forests
regeneration and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity. The specific objective of this study is
to extract and quantify glomalin, glomerospores and humic substances in different sucessional
stages of a dry forest. The main objective is to study the activity of AMFs in different stages
of a dry forest and to colabore to the projects: ?Functional links between aboveground
changes and belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food
security? e ?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Total
Glomalin (TG) and carbon levels were higher in inicial and late stage of dry forest, indicating
the carbon storage contribution to glomalin in soil. In addition, the higher number of
glomerospores in this sucessional stage shows the more activity of AMF and its potential to
regeneration of disturbed dry forests. The different chemical and physical properties of soil in
intermediate stage possibly contributed to low glomalin and carbon levels. The higher levels
of humic substances in this stage possibly contribute to the lower activity of AMF and can be
explained by the higher diversity of plants in this area. It is important to study the influence of
physical and chemical properties, humic substances and plant diversity in AMF activity, in
different sucessional stages of dry forests. / Este trabalho contribui para o entendimento da rela??o da regenera??o de florestas tropicais
secas, com a atividade dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs). Tem como objetivos
espec?ficos: a extra??o e a quantifica??o de glomalina, de glomerosporos e de subst?ncias
h?micas em diferentes sucess?es de floresta seca. O objetivo ? avaliar a atividade dos FMAs
em diferentes est?gios sucessionais de floresta seca, acrescentando e colaborando assim para o
desenvolvimento dos projetos: ?Functional links between aboveground changes and
belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food security? e
?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Os teores de
glomalina total e de carbono org?nico foram maiores na ?rea de sucess?o inicial e tardia de
floresta seca, indicando maior influ?ncia do estoque de carbono na glomalina do solo. O
maior n?mero de esporos e glomalina, na ?rea de sucess?o inicial, mostrou a maior atividade
dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares em ?rea perturbada que est? se regenerando, sugerindo a
contribui??o dos FMAs para essa recupera??o do ecossistema de florestas secas. As
propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas diferentes do solo na ?rea de sucess?o intermedi?ria
provavelmente contribu?ram para a baixa concentra??o de glomalina e carbono. Os maiores
teores de ?cidos h?micos e f?lvicos no solo de sucess?o intermedi?ria podem ter contribu?do
tamb?m para a baixa atividade dos FMAs e podem ser devidos ? maior diversidade de
esp?cies vegetais nesta ?rea. ? importante desenvolver estudos que comparem as propriedades
qu?micas e f?sicas do solo com a atividade desses microorganismos simbiontes em diferentes
sucess?es vegetais; que analisem a influ?ncia das subst?ncias h?micas na atividade dos FMAs
em campo; e da influ?ncia da diversidade de esp?cies vegetais na atividade dos FMAs.
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Determina??o da concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima de ?leos essenciais de Lippia origanoides Kunth tratados com diferentes reguladores de metabolismo vegetalVieira, Lara Raisa Cheles 06 May 2014 (has links)
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Disserta??o Lara Raisa Cheles.pdf: 1045712 bytes, checksum: feec175794486c72d1aa9c07b185ee70 (MD5) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals with medicinal purpose is one of the oldest forms of medical applications of humanity, and currently, the use of herbal medicines has increased in population. Considering the popular use of Lippia origanoides in the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and antiseptic action of its essential oil, this study aimed to test, through of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Microbicidal Concentration, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of L. origanoides resulting from plants after treatment with plant metabolism regulators: acetylsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, gibberellic acid, Stimulate ? and distilled water (control), continuing earlier work by our group. The results for the antimicrobial activity of the studied species varied according to the treatment received, collection period and the microorganism tested. In general, the 12 essential oils tested showed activity against the seven test microorganisms used. Oils resulting from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid had significantly lower MIC values, highlighting their high efficacy; being evident that the time for collecting the samples interfered in these results. The oil resulting from the first collection of plants were in general more efficient than the third. There was significant difference between the MIC values for strains of C. albicans CCMB 266 and CCMB 286, the latter being more sensitive to the oils from both collection periods. / O uso de extratos vegetais e fitoqu?micos com finalidade medicinal ? uma das mais antigas formas de aplica??o medicinal da humanidade, e atualmente, a utiliza??o de medicamentos fitoter?picos tem aumentado na popula??o brasileira. Considerando a utiliza??o popular de Lippia origanoides no tratamento de doen?as respirat?rias e gastrointestinais e a a??o antiss?ptica de seu ?leo essencial, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar, por meio do Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima e Concentra??o Microbicida M?nima, a atividade antimicrobiana, dos ?leos essenciais de L. origanoides resultantes de plantas ap?s tratamentos com os reguladores do metabolismo vegetal: ?cido acetilsalic?lico, ?cido jasm?nico, 6-benzilaminopurina, ?cido giber?lico, Stimulate? e ?gua destilada (controle), dando continuidade a um trabalho anterior de nosso grupo. Os resultados relativos ao potencial antimicrobiano da esp?cie estudada variaram de acordo com o tratamento recebido, per?odo de coleta e o micro-organismo testados. Em geral, os 12 ?leos essenciais testados apresentaram atividade contra os sete micro-organismos teste utilizados. Os ?leos resultantes do tratamento com ?cido acetilsalic?lico, ?cido jasm?nico e ?cido giber?lico apresentaram valores de MIC consideravelmente baixos, evidenciando a alta efic?cia dos mesmos, sendo evidente que a ?poca de coleta das amostras interferiu nestes resultados. Os ?leos resultantes da primeira coleta de plantas foram, em geral, mais eficientes que os da terceira. Houve diferen?a significativa entre os valores de MIC para as cepas de C. albicans CCMB 266 e CCMB 286, sendo a ?ltima mais sens?vel aos ?leos de ambos os per?odos de coleta.
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O G?nero Cyathus haller: pers. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) em ?reas de caatinga do Nordeste brasileiroCruz, Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da 18 March 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fungi of the family Nidulariaceae or bird s nest fungi present a vase-shaped basidiomata
with the wall surface smooth or striated lengthwise and internal structures resembling small
bird eggs in a nest, the peridioles. Among the five genera that comprise the group, the more
representative is Cyathus Haller: Pers. The Brazilian Northeast region shows major
importance for the world s diversity by containing a Brazilian unique and exclusively
phytoecological domain, the Caatinga, which lacks particular attention regarding
macrofungi. Although the gradual growth of knowledge in recent years, studies are still
insipient in the Caatinga domain. Between their various vegetal formations are the Brejos
de Altitude , described as islands with moist perennial vegetation, low soil fertility and
annual precipitation of 900 1.300 mm. This study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic
richness of Nidulariaceae fungi in Caatinga s areas of Northeastern Brazil, describing and
identifying species, as well as expanding the collection of Herbarium UFRN Fungos. For
description of Nidulariaceae fungi was followed the proposed by specialized literature in
the group. We have found and described 10 species of the genus Cyathus, namely: C. earlei
Lloyd, C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul., C. gracilis H.J. Brodie, C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C.
Tul., C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul., C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul., C. pallidus Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul., C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. and C. tr?plex Lloyd. Beyond
these have been described four new species to science: Cyathus calvescens R. Cruz &
Baseia sp. nov., C. hortum R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. magnomuralis R. Cruz & Baseia
sp. nov. and C. parvocinereus R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. Two samples were identified only
to genus level. No member of Mycocalia J.T. Palmer, Nidula V.S. White, Nidularia Fr. and
Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. has been found, however the results were extremely valuable for
being an unprecedented work in Caatinga, and importante tool for implementation of
conservation projects and sustainable utilization of this domain / Os Fungos da fam?lia Nidulariaceae, ou fungos ninho-de-p?ssaro , apresentam basidiomas
em forma de vaso, com a superf?cie da parede lisa ou estriada longitudinalmente e
estruturas internas que se assemelham a pequenos ovos de p?ssaros dentro de um ninho, os
perid?olos. Dentre os cinco g?neros que comp?em o grupo, o mais representativo ? Cyathus
Haller: Pers. O Nordeste Brasileiro apresenta grande import?ncia para a diversidade
mundial por conter um dom?nio fitoecol?gico ?nico e exclusivamente brasileiro, a
Caatinga, o qual carece de aten??o especial quanto aos macrofungos. Apesar do
crescimento gradual de conhecimento nos ?ltimos anos, os estudos ainda s?o incipientes no
dom?nio Caatinga. Entre as suas diversas forma??es vegetais existem os Brejos de Altitude,
caracterizados como ilhas ?midas de vegeta??o perenif?lia, solo de baixa fertilidade e
precipita??o anual entre 900 1.300 mm. Este trabalho visou levantar a riqueza taxon?mica
dos fungos nidulari?ceos em ?reas de Caatinga do Nordeste Brasileiro, descrevendo e
identificando esp?cies, bem como ampliando a cole??o do herb?rio UFRN Fungos. Para
descri??o de fungos nidulari?ceos seguiu-se a proposta em literaturas especializadas do
grupo. Foram encontradas e identificadas 10 esp?cies do g?nero Cyathus, a saber: C. earlei
Lloyd, C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul., C. gracilis H.J. Brodie, C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C.
Tul., C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul., C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul., C. pallidus Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul., C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. e C. tr?plex Lloyd. Al?m
dessas foram descritas 4 novas esp?cies para a ci?ncia: Cyathus calvescens R. Cruz &
Baseia sp. nov., C. hortum R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. magnomuralis R. Cruz & Baseia
sp. nov. e C. parvocinereus R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. Duas amostras foram identificadas
apenas a n?vel de g?nero. Nenhum membro de Mycocalia J.T. Palmer, Nidula V.S. White,
Nidularia Fr. e Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. foi encontrado, contudo os resultados foram de
grande valia por ser um trabalho in?dito na Caatinga e importante subs?dio para aplica??o
de projetos de conserva??o e utiliza??o sustent?vel do dom?nio
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Din?mica sazonal de fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (Glomeromycota) em cerrad?o e brejo de altitude na Chapada do Araripe, CELima, Ruy Anderson Ara?jo de 19 March 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligatory symbiotic organisms that associate
with roots of a large number of plant taxa, and are found in all terrestrial ecosystems.
These fungi promote greater tolerance to environmental stresses to associated plant,
favoring the establishment of plant communities, especially where soil fertility is a
limiting factor, as in the Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian domain that has been focus
of research due to its great biodiversity that can help clarify the history of vegetation in
South America. Because of the ecological importance of AMF, the limited number of
jobs and the potential diversity of the Caatinga, this work aims to inventory the diversity
and determine AMF communities in areas with different faces occurrent in FLONA
Araripe, Cear? (CE). The sample collection occurred in four periods at the beginning
and end of the dry season (August and December 2011, respectively) and rainy
(February and June 2012, respectively) in an area of marsh and woodland altitude of the
Araripe, Crato, CE. The glomerosporos were extracted by wet sieving and
centrifugation in water and sucrose (50%) mounted between slide and coverslip using
PVLG and PVLG + Reagent Melzer. In total, we found 46 species of AMF distributed
in eight families and 16 genera: Acaulospora (6), Ambispora (1), Cetraspora (2),
Dentiscutata (5), Fuscutata (2), Gigaspora (6), Glomus (13) Intraornatospora (1),
Kuklospora (1), Orbispora (1), Paradentiscutata (1), Quatunica (1), Racocetra (1),
Scutellospora (2), Septoglomus (2) and a new genus. analysis showed that ecological
each area of study has its own seasonal dynamics, with an area of woodland with a
greater diversity of species throughout the year, while the marsh elevation showed
greater variation in species found among the collection periods, showing that vegetation
and rainfall has strong influence on the seasonal dynamics of AMF, as well as the
availability of nutrients and soil pH so / Os fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMA) s?o organismos simbiontes obrigat?rios de
ra?zes de vasto n?mero de t?xons vegetais, sendo encontrados em todos os ecossistemas
terrestres. Estes fungos promovem maior toler?ncia a estresses ambientais aos vegetais
associados favorecendo o estabelecimento de comunidades vegetais, especialmente
quando a fertilidade do solo ? fator limitante, como em ?reas de Caatinga, dom?nio
exclusivamente brasileiro que vem sendo foco de pesquisas em fun??o da particular
biodiversidade que pode proporcionar maior compreen??o da hist?ria vegetacional de
parte da Am?rica do Sul. Devido ? import?ncia ecol?gica dos FMA, ao limitado n?mero
de trabalhos e o potencial em diversidade da Caatinga, este trabalho visa inventariar a
diversidade e determinar as comunidades de FMA em ?reas com diferentes fisionomias
ocorrentes na FLONA Araripe, Cear? (CE). A coleta das amostras ocorreu em quatro
per?odos, no in?cio e final da esta??o seca (agosto e dezembro de 2011,
respectivamente) e chuvosa (fevereiro e junho de 2012, respectivamente) em uma ?rea
de brejo de altitude e de cerrad?o da Chapada do Araripe, Crato, CE. Os glomerosporos
foram extra?dos por peneiramento ?mido e centrifuga??o em ?gua e sacarose (50%),
montados entre l?mina e laminula utilizando PVLG e PVLG + Reagente de Melzer. No
total, foram encontradas 46 esp?cies de FMA distribuidas em oito fam?lias e 16 g?neros:
Acaulospora (6), Ambispora (1), Cetraspora (2), Dentiscutata (5), Fuscutata (2),
Gigaspora (6), Glomus (13), Intraornatospora (1), Kuklospora (1), Orbispora (1),
Paradentiscutata (1), Quatunica (1), Racocetra (1), Scutellospora (2), Septoglomus (2)
e um novo g?nero. An?lises ecol?gicas mostraram que cada ?rea de estudo apresenta
din?micas sazonais pr?prias, com a ?rea de cerrad?o com maior diversidade de esp?cies
ao longo do ano, enquanto que o brejo de altitude mostrou maior varia??o nas esp?cies
encontradas entre os periodos de coleta, mostrando que a vegeta??o e a pluviosidade
tem forte influ?ncia na din?mica sazonal dos FMA, assim como a disponibilidade de
nutrientes e o pH so solo
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Col?mbolos (arthropoda: hexapoda: collembola) numa ?rea de caatinga do nordeste brasileiroRocha, Isabel Medeiros dos Santos 30 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Edaphic ecosystems are the basis for the production of terrestrial biological resources and
their dynamics affect not only the natural environment but also society and their economic
activities. In Caatinga biome, the semi-arid climate associated with an inadequate soil
management has increased the degradation and loss of productive potential of the soil. In this
context, the study of soil fauna, including springtails, becomes an important indicator of soil
quality. This study aimed to evaluate the fauna of Collembola in an area of Caatinga of Rio
Grande do Norte State and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, such as soil, vegetation
and climate characteristics, on the structure of the taxocenosis. The environmental variables
which were used were the following ones: granulometry (represented by the proportion of
sand), quantity of organic matter and soil pH, richness, density and aerial biomass of the
vegetal structure, and necromass. We used pitfall traps intending to collect specimens of the
epiedaphic fauna of Collembola in 30 points located on Caua?u Farm, Jo?o C?mara, RN, in
July (rainy season) and November (dry season) 2011. We collected 5513 individuals of 15
species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families of Collembola. Five of the recorded species are
new to science, confirming the expected high degree of endemism for Caatinga biome, and
the highest abundance was recorded in the rainy season, which suggests Collembola
sensitivity to low humidity. Four species were more abundant in the dry season, all of them
belonged to the Order Entomobryomorpha. Results of statistical analyzes suggest that plant
species richness, aerial biomass of vegetal structure, proportion of sand in the soil, pH and
humidity are the main influences to the abundance of Collembola in the region studied / Os ecossistemas ed?ficos s?o base para toda produ??o de recursos biol?gicos terrestres e sua
din?mica afeta n?o apenas os ambientes naturais, mas tamb?m a sociedade e suas atividades
econ?micas. Na Caatinga, o clima semi?rido associado ao uso inadequado do solo t?m
potencializado a degrada??o e a perda do potencial produtivo das terras. Considerando que a
fauna ed?fica, incluindo os col?mbolos, ? um importante indicador da qualidade do solo, este
trabalho objetivou avaliar a fauna de Collembola numa ?rea de Caatinga do Rio Grande do
Norte, verificando a influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos, tais como caracter?sticas do
solo, da vegeta??o e do clima, sobre a estrutura da taxocenose. As vari?veis ambientais
utilizadas foram: granulometria (representada pela propor??o de areia), quantidade de mat?ria
org?nica e pH do solo; riqueza, densidade e biomassa a?rea vegetal; e necromassa. Foram
utilizadas armadilhas de queda (pitfall) para coletar esp?cimes da fauna epied?fica de
Collembola em 30 pontos localizados na Fazenda Caua?u, Jo?o C?mara, RN, nos meses de
julho (per?odo chuvoso) e novembro (per?odo seco) de 2011. Foram coletados 5.513
indiv?duos de 15 esp?cies, distribu?das em 13 g?neros e 9 fam?lias de Collembola. Cinco das
esp?cies registradas s?o novas para a ci?ncia, confirmando a expectativa de alto grau de
endemismo para o bioma, e a maior abund?ncia de indiv?duos foi registrada na esta??o
chuvosa, o que sugere sensibilidade dos col?mbolos ? baixa umidade. Quatro esp?cies foram
mais abundantes na esta??o seca, todas da Ordem Entomobryomorpha, e os resultados das
an?lises estat?sticas sugerem que a riqueza de plantas, a biomassa vegetal a?rea, a propor??o
de areia no solo, o pH e a umidade devida ?s chuvas sejam os principais influenciadores da
abund?ncia de Collembola na regi?o estudada
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Estrutura da popula??o de Microcerotermes exiguus ( Isoptera: Termitidae) e sua partuicipa??o no consumo de madeira em uma ?rea de caatinga, Nordeste, BrasilBarca, Reberth Ricelle Bezerra 08 May 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Os t?rmitas comp?em uma importante por??o da biomassa animal nas florestas
tropicais e s?o respons?veis por consumir grande parte dos recursos de origem vegetal.
Entretanto, s?o escassos os estudos quantitativos sobre a popula??o dos ninhos e a sua
participa??o no consumo de madeira nos ecossistemas tropicais. O presente estudo teve
por objetivo avaliar a composi??o das popula??es de Microcerotermes exiguus (Hagen,
1858) no interior dos seus ninhos e estimar o consumo de madeira em condi??es
laboratoriais, com intuito de extrapolar os valores para um ecossistema de Caatinga. O
estudo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Caua?u, localizada no munic?pio de Jo?o C?mara,
Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram coletados 15 ninhos para an?lise, dos quais se
obteve uma m?dia populacional por ninho de 73.897 ? 51.529, com amplitude de 6.758
160.107 indiv?duos/ninho. Houve correla??o positiva entre os volumes e os pesos dos
ninhos, assim como entre a biomassa das popula??es dos ninhos e seus respectivos
volumes. A m?dia da densidade dos ninhos de M. exiguus na ?rea estudada foi de 25,33
ninhos/ha, com uma estimativa de 109 indiv?duos/m2 e uma biomassa de 0,199g/m2. O
consumo m?dio obtido em laborat?rio foi estimado em 10,5 ? 3,6 mg/g de t?rmitas
(peso fresco)/dia. Desta forma, M. exiguus seria respons?vel por consumir 7,7 kg da
mat?ria org?nica vegetal/ha/ano. Tendo em vista que a produ??o de galhos e ramos na
?rea de estudo ? de 510 kg/ha/ano, apenas os M. exiguus podem consumir cerca de 1,5%
dessa quantia produzida pelos vegetais anualmente em ?reas de Caatinga. Se este valor
de consumo for somada aos j? estimados para Constrictotermes cyphergaster e
Heterotermes sulcatus para outras ?reas de Caatinga, as tr?s esp?cies podem consumir
151 kg/ha/ano, representando 27,45% da produ??o de ramos e galhos na ?rea de estudo
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Saberes e pr?ticas em experi?ncia de constru??o da sustentabilidade no meio rural nordestinoRodrigues, Maria da Concei??o Alves 17 August 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-17 / The purpose of this work is to analyze the knowledge relationships that articulate in projects of maintainable rural development construction for the paraiban semi-arid, analyzing the farmers daily practices and their relationship with the technological practices spread by ONGs. We took as empirical object the rural community of Lajedo de Timba?ba, municipal district of Soledade-PB, located in the very small region of paraiban Curimata?. It is a community where registers one of the first cases of maintainable rural development planning in the state of Para?ba. The analysis was centered on the farmers experiences of life in sustainability experience, trying to understand how they acquire new knowledge and how they interact with them. In methodological terms, it was considered feasible to place the knowledge interaction between the farmers and technicians from ONGs by placing the analysis according to Paulo Freire s questioning (2006): extension or communication? To understand the farmers daily practices, it was resorted to the theoretical contribution by Michel de Certeau (2008) in order to discern a microresistance movement of inversion/rejection/changing by the farmers in relation to their external knowledge. Just from the theoretical point of view and resorting to the imaginary social by Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), it was considered the way of living of the farmers researched, having as reference the experience in the material and symbolic production of their lives. It became indispensable, therefore, not to dissociate the knowledge relationships between farmers and technicians from ONGs from the sustainability concepts, maintainable rural development, and rural extension. The results of the study revealed that the farmers from Lajedo de Timba?ba while dealing with the technological practices proposed by ONGs that work in the community, express those practices from their daily logic, and they constitute them in survival strategies that are inserted in their own idiosyncrasy. It was verified, therefore, that the external knowledge presented by the proposals of sociability alternatives with the droughts in the perspective of maintainable development while placed in the farmers daily relationship, they are judged as advantageous or disadvantageous when they are confronted with their peculiar way of doing their daily work. The technological practices are incorporated, denied, or recreated starting from evaluative criteria related to the preservation of the soil and to the economical and social reproduction of the unit of production of family agriculture / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as rela??es de saberes que se articulam em projetos de constru??o do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel para o semi-?rido paraibano, analisando as pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores e sua rela??o com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas difundidas por ONGs. Tomamos como objeto emp?rico a comunidade rural de Lajedo de Timba?ba, munic?pio de Soledade-PB, localizada na microrregi?o do Curimata? paraibano. Trata-se de uma comunidade onde se registra um dos primeiros casos de planejamento do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel na Para?ba. A an?lise centrou-se nas viv?ncias dos agricultores em experi?ncia de sustentabilidade, procurando compreender como eles se apropriam de novos conhecimentos e com estes interagem. Em termos metodol?gicos, considerou-se fact?vel situar a intera??o de saberes entre os agricultores e os t?cnicos das ONGs, situando a an?lise conforme questionamento de Paulo Freire (2006): extens?o ou comunica??o? Para o entendimento das pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores, recorreu-se ? contribui??o te?rica de Michel de Certeau (2008), no sentido de discernir um movimento de microrresist?ncias, de invers?o/rejei??o/modifica??o pelos agricultores em rela??o aos saberes externos. Ainda do ponto de vista te?rico, recorrendo ao imagin?rio social de Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), considerou-se o modo de viver dos agricultores pesquisados, tendo como refer?ncia a experi?ncia na produ??o material e simb?lica de suas vidas. Por isso, fez-se imprescind?vel n?o dissociar as rela??es de saberes entre agricultores e t?cnicos de ONGs dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel e extens?o rural. O estudo realizado revelou que os agricultores de Lajedo de Timba?ba, ao se depararem com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas propostas pelas ONGs que atuam na comunidade, expressam essas pr?ticas a partir da sua l?gica cotidiana e as constituem em estrat?gias de sobreviv?ncia inseridas na sua pr?pria idiossincrasia. Constatou-se, portanto, que os saberes externos, proporcionados pelas propostas de alternativas de conviv?ncia com as secas, na perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustent?vel, quando postos na rela??o cotidiana dos agricultores, s?o julgados como vantajosos ou desvantajosos ao serem confrontados com o seu modo peculiar do fazer cotidiano. As pr?ticas tecnol?gicas s?o incorporadas, negadas ou recriadas a partir de crit?rios avaliativos relacionados ? preserva??o da terra e ? reprodu??o econ?mica e social da unidade de produ??o da agricultura familiar
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A agricultura familiar do Serid? potiguar: vulnerabilidade, percep??o e adapta??o ?s mudan?as clim?ticas / Family farming at the Serido s region of Rio Grande do Norte: vulnerability, perception and adaptation to climate changeAndrade, Anna J?ssica Pinto de 05 March 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / At the semiarid regions of developing countries the rural population has always been
vulnerable to the climatic variations e its consequences. The effects of the semiarid climate,
together with other biophysics, social and political-economic factors, impair the agricultural
production, generating a situation of food insecurity and poverty in the rural areas. With the
occurrence of climate change, natural resources of the semiarid regions can became scarcer,
what would directly affect the agricultural production and those who depend on it. Therefore,
the present study sought to study one of the most susceptible areas to the effects of the
semiarid climate and desertification of Rio Grande do Norte, the potiguar s Serido. The study
aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and environmental factors that put farmers in a position
of vulnerability to the effects of climate; assess their perceptions about climate variations that
have already occurred and their knowledge about climate change and global warming, also to
identify which adaptation strategies to climate they have adopted at the rural establishment.
The survey was conducted in 29 communities of four counties of the potiguar s Serido
Caico, Parelhas, Lagoa Nova and Acari. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with
local leaders and 241 questionnaires were applied with the family farmers. It was found that
in addition to environmental factors such as the scarcity of water resources and climatic
conditions, other factors such as the environmental degradation, the small size of the
properties, the lack of technical assistance and financial resources and also the low education
levels reduce the resilience capacity of family farming to the effects of the Semiarid climate.
With the occurrence of climate change, the challenges for family farming at Serido will
intensify. If farmers cannot adapt, the impacts may preclude this category of agricultural
production causing serious harm to food security and further increasing the vulnerability
situation of these populations. Although the farmers perceived changes in climate, the lack
resources and information appears as the main reasons preventing the adoption of adaptation
strategies. The lack of knowledge about climate change and global warming and the impacts
that these phenomena may cause are also limiting factors for adaptation. It is therefore
essential to identify the factors that influence the adoption of adaptation strategies, and seek
alternatives to living with the semiarid that can strengthen the resilience of family farming
and social reproduction that allow agricultural segment, even in a climate change scenario / Nas regi?es semi?ridas dos pa?ses em desenvolvimento as popula??es rurais sempre
estiveram vulner?veis ?s varia??es clim?ticas e suas consequ?ncias. Os efeitos do clima
Semi?rido, aliados ? outros fatores biof?sicos, sociais, pol?ticos e econ?micos, prejudicam
a produ??o agr?cola, gerando uma situa??o de inseguran?a alimentar e pobreza no meio rural.
Com o advento das mudan?as clim?ticas, os recursos naturais das regi?es semi?ridas poder?o
se tornar ainda mais escassos, o que afetaria diretamente a produ??o agr?cola e os que dela
dependem. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa buscou estudar uma das ?reas mais
suscept?veis aos efeitos do clima semi?rido e da desertifica??o do Rio Grande do Norte, o
Serid? potiguar. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores socioecon?micos e
ambientais que colocam os agricultores familiares numa situa??o de vulnerabilidade aos
efeitos do clima; avaliar suas percep??es sobre as varia??es clim?ticas j? ocorridas e seus
conhecimentos sobre mudan?as clim?ticas e aquecimento global, al?m de verificar quais as
estrat?gias de adapta??o ao clima foram realizadas no ?mbito do estabelecimento rural. A
pesquisa foi realizada em 29 comunidades de quatro munic?pios do Serid? potiguar Caic?,
Parelhas, Lagoa Nova e Acari. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com lideran?as
locais e aplicados 241 question?rios com os agricultores familiares. Verificou-se que al?m dos
fatores ambientais como a escassez dos recursos h?dricos e as condi??es clim?ticas outros
fatores como degrada??o ambiental o tamanho reduzido das propriedades, a falta de
assist?ncia t?cnica e de recursos financeiros, al?m do baixo n?vel de escolaridade dos
agricultores reduzem a capacidade de resili?ncia da agricultura familiar aos efeitos do clima
Semi?rido. Com a ocorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas, os desafios para a agricultura familiar
do Serid? potiguar ir?o se intensificar e, caso os agricultores n?o consigam se adaptar, os
impactos poder?o impossibilitar a produ??o agr?cola dessa categoria, causando graves
preju?zos para a seguran?a alimentar e aumentando ainda mais a situa??o de vulnerabilidade
dessas popula??es. Apesar de perceberem as altera??es no clima, a limita??o de recursos
financeiros e a falta de informa??es aparecem como principais impedimentos ? ado??o de
estrat?gias de adapta??o. A falta de conhecimento sobre as mudan?as clim?ticas, aquecimento
global e sobre os impactos que esses fen?menos podem causar tamb?m s?o fatores limitantes
? adapta??o. Torna-se assim, essencial identificar os fatores que influenciam a ado??o de
estrat?gias de adapta??o, al?m de buscar alternativas para a conviv?ncia com o semi?rido que
possam fortalecer a resili?ncia da agricultura familiar e permitir reprodu??o social desse
segmento agr?cola, mesmo num cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas
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