Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T21:08:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaKayssaTarginoDutra_DISSERT.pdf: 3585165 bytes, checksum: dfc06d6e129c5e246435b7e67ea257b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-08T00:11:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaKayssaTarginoDutra_DISSERT.pdf: 3585165 bytes, checksum: dfc06d6e129c5e246435b7e67ea257b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T00:11:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaKayssaTarginoDutra_DISSERT.pdf: 3585165 bytes, checksum: dfc06d6e129c5e246435b7e67ea257b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / A regi?o semi?rida brasileira que ocupa significativamente a por??o Nordeste ? uma das ?reas mais populosas do Brasil. Todavia, grande parte da popula??o ainda n?o possui o devido a-cesso ? ?gua. As pol?ticas p?blicas e programas governamentais voltados para essa regi?o, ainda est?o distantes de promover a descentraliza??o para a democratiza??o do acesso ? ?gua. Historicamente, a a??o estatal, quando presente, tratou de priorizar a constru??o de grandes obras de reservat?rios de ?gua, que acabaram fortalecendo a chamada ?ind?stria da seca?. No final da d?cada de 1990, em meio a um grande per?odo de estiagem na regi?o semi?rida brasi-leira, diversas entidades da sociedade civil se juntam para criar a Articula??o Semi?rido Bra-sileiro (ASA), institui??o cujo objetivo ? coordenar a??es de conviv?ncia com o semi?rido, dentre elas, o de democratizar o acesso ? ?gua, que se fez principalmente por meio da implan-ta??o do Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas (P1MC) a partir do uso de Tecnologias Sociais. A proposta prev? a constru??o de cisternas para capta??o e armazenamento de ?guas pluviais, com o objetivo de abastecimento humano. Esta a??o tem sido objeto de in?meros debates acad?micos e pol?ticos que buscam destacar os limites e as possibilidades dessa pol?tica. As-sim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa realizar uma an?lise da pol?tica p?blica P1MC j? implan-tada e, outras em fase de implanta??o, com o prop?sito de compreender sua capacidade en-quanto estrat?gias de conviv?ncia com o semi?rido para os agricultores, agricultoras e mora-dores da zona rural de Apodi-RN. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa, com realiza??o de entrevistas semiestruturadas, feitas com os t?cnicos ligados ? Coordena??o da ASA Potiguar, bem como, com os beneficiados da pol?tica p?blica P1MC. Os resultados encontrados infor-mam que h? necessidade de complementariedade ao Programa, isto ?, o funcionamento do P1MC est? vinculado a exist?ncias de chuvas na regi?o em que est? implantado, n?o havendo chuvas e/ou se estas forem em menor quantidade, ser? necess?rio promover o acesso ? ?gua para as fam?lias beneficiadas de outras maneiras. Verificou-se tamb?m que o Programa P1MC contribui na diminui??o da penosidade do trabalho das mulheres, tendo em vista que n?o ? mais necess?rio ir para outras localidades conseguir ?gua para consumo da fam?lia; o Progra-ma P1+2 contribui tamb?m para manter pequenos cultivos na resid?ncia dos beneficiados; a implanta??o dos Programas propiciou maior organiza??o, pois promoveu a cria??o de Associ-a??es Comunit?rias em comunidades que n?o possu?am. / The Brazilian semi-arid region that occupies significantly the Northeast portion is one of the most populated areas of Brazil. However, much of the population still doesn?t have access to water. Public policies and government programs aimed at this region are still far from pro-moting decentralization for the democratization of access to water. Historically, State action, when present, tried to prioritize the construction of large works of water reservoirs, which ended up strengthening the so-called "drought industry". At the end of the 1990s, in the midst of a great period of drought in the Brazilian semi-arid region, several civil society entities come together to create the Articulation of the Brazilian Semi-Arid (ASA). The institution was to coordinate actions to coexist with the Semi-Arid region among them and to democra-tize access to water, which was done mainly through the implementation of the One Million Cisterns (P1MC) Program. The proposal provided for the construction of cisterns to capture and store rainwater, with the objective of human supply. This action has been the object of numerous academic and political debates that seek to highlight the limits and possibilities of this policy. Thus, the objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the P1MC pub-lic policy already in place and, in the implementation phase, with the purpose of understand-ing its capacity as strategies for coexistence with the semi-arid region for farmers, farmers and rural dwellers. Apodi-RN. The research has a qualitative nature, with semi-structured interviews with the technicians linked to the Coordination of ASA Potiguar, as well as with the beneficiaries of the P1MC public policy. The results indicate the program is dependent upon rainfall in the region. If there is little or no rainfall the P1MC is less effective therefore it is necessary to promote access to water for beneficiary families in other ways. It was also found that the P1MC Program contributes to the reduction of the painfulness of women's work, since it is no longer necessary to go to other localities to obtain water for consumption by the family; The P1 + 2 Program also contributes to maintaining small crops in the benefi-ciaries' homes; The implementation of the Programs provided greater organization, as it pro-moted the creation of Community Associations in communities that did not have.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-25T22:33:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-16T19:34:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T19:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / A escassez de ?gua ? um problema recorrente na regi?o do semi?rido brasileiro, mas, precisamente no Nordeste, surgiram v?rias tentativas, mediante a??es p?blicas sociais de ?salva??o?, de corre??o das consequ?ncias da seca. A partir da d?cada de 1980, no processo de redemocratiza??o do pa?s de buscar alternativas para o desenvolvimento do semi?rido brasileiro, come?aram a existir algumas mudan?as na interven??o na regi?o a partir das organiza??es da sociedade civil, que passaram a realizar projetos com base na ideia de que ? poss?vel e necess?rio conviver com o semi?rido, representando a transi??o paradigm?tica na qual o modelo de ?combate ? seca? ? criticado em favor da ?conviv?ncia com o semi?rido?. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou analisar os resultados do Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas Rurais (P1MC) diante dos indicadores de efic?cia, efici?ncia e efetividade. O programa, idealizado pela sociedade civil em 1999, apresenta como componentes a mobiliza??o, o controle social, a capacita??o, a comunica??o, o fortalecimento institucional e a constru??o de cisternas de placas de 16 mil litros para capta??o de ?gua de chuvas por meio de calhas no telhado do domic?lio rural. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva, o universo compreendeu os 10 territ?rios do Rio Grande do Norte, a abordagem foi quantitativa e qualitativa. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se an?lise envolt?ria de dados, na etapa quantitativa, e an?lise de conte?do, na etapa qualitativa, tendo como fonte de coleta entrevistas estruturadas com atores do P1MC. Os resultados apontaram que, em termos de efic?cia, representada pelas metas f?sicas pr?-estabelecidas, o programa ficou aqu?m do esperado; quanto ? efici?ncia, destacaram-se os territ?rios de Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor? e Mato Grande. Na rela??o popula??o rural versus cisternas constru?das, no tocante ? efetividade, verificou-se que os pressupostos do programa s?o atendidos, os participantes compreendem que o programa n?o tem como finalidade ?nica a constru??o da cisterna, mas sim proporcionar mudan?as na vida das pessoas a partir dela, o que converge com os objetivos do programa, representando uma a??o bem-sucedida. / Water scarcity is a recurrent problem in the Brazilian semi-arid, more precisely in the Northeast. The first initiatives, of attention to drought, emerged through public social actions of "salvation", mitigation of drought consequences. It lasted, until the 1980s, this perspective of "drought relief". From the 1980s, with the democratization of the Country and the state reform, new alternatives for the development of the Brazilian semi-arid began to emerge from civil society organizations, which began to implement projects based on the ideal that it is possible and necessary to coexist with the semi-arid. This movement represented a paradigmatic inflection - instead of "drought relief" emerges "coexistence with the semi-arid". This study lies, therefore, in this new moment of public actions aimed at semi-arid, assuming the intent to systematize results of the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC) in front of efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness indicators. The Program, designed and implemented by civil society organization since 1999, has as components mobilization, social control, training, communication, institutional strengthening and building of plates cisterns of 16,000 liters for rain water harvesting through gutters on the roof of the rural home. The research was descriptive, the universe comprised the 10 territories of Rio Grande do Norte, the approach was quantitative and qualitative. For the treatment of quantitative data, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used through Siadv software and, in the qualitative stage, content analysis with assistance of NVivo 11 software, having as source of collection structured interviews with the actors of P1MC. The quantitative stage led to the determination of efficiency and efficacy indicators, while the qualitative stage enabled the interpretation of effectiveness, occurred based on the five principles expressed in P1MC by Brazilian Semi-Arid Articulation (ASA), a network of non-governmental organizations responsible for the design from the Program. Results showed that, in terms of efficacy, represented by pre-established physical goals, the Program was less than expectated. In terms of efficiency, the territories of Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor? and Mato Grande were highlighted, with relative performances above the state average in front of rural population of the territory versus number of built cisterns relation. Regarding the effectiveness, the Program assumptions are widely met in content and form. Representatives of interested segments - performers, community mobilizers and beneficiaries - report, in this research, that P1MC is not restricted to priority of water access, but also the formulation of a new standard of coexistence with the semi-arid, through the change in conscience of beneficiaries and the mobilization of served families and communities.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-14T14:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jurema Schinz Diniz.pdf: 1784426 bytes, checksum: ef765e40d98144beee9ab74d12aff5f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T14:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jurema Schinz Diniz.pdf: 1784426 bytes, checksum: ef765e40d98144beee9ab74d12aff5f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study contributes to understanding the relationship between tropical dry forests regeneration and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity. The specific objective of this study is to extract and quantify glomalin, glomerospores and humic substances in different sucessional stages of a dry forest. The main objective is to study the activity of AMFs in different stages of a dry forest and to colabore to the projects: ?Functional links between aboveground changes and belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food security? e ?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Total Glomalin (TG) and carbon levels were higher in inicial and late stage of dry forest, indicating the carbon storage contribution to glomalin in soil. In addition, the higher number of glomerospores in this sucessional stage shows the more activity of AMF and its potential to regeneration of disturbed dry forests. The different chemical and physical properties of soil in intermediate stage possibly contributed to low glomalin and carbon levels. The higher levels of humic substances in this stage possibly contribute to the lower activity of AMF and can be explained by the higher diversity of plants in this area. It is important to study the influence of physical and chemical properties, humic substances and plant diversity in AMF activity, in different sucessional stages of dry forests. / Este trabalho contribui para o entendimento da rela??o da regenera??o de florestas tropicais secas, com a atividade dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs). Tem como objetivos espec?ficos: a extra??o e a quantifica??o de glomalina, de glomerosporos e de subst?ncias h?micas em diferentes sucess?es de floresta seca. O objetivo ? avaliar a atividade dos FMAs em diferentes est?gios sucessionais de floresta seca, acrescentando e colaborando assim para o desenvolvimento dos projetos: ?Functional links between aboveground changes and belowground activity with land use in the Americas: Soil biodiversity and food security? e ?Human, Ecological and Biophysical Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forest?. Os teores de glomalina total e de carbono org?nico foram maiores na ?rea de sucess?o inicial e tardia de floresta seca, indicando maior influ?ncia do estoque de carbono na glomalina do solo. O maior n?mero de esporos e glomalina, na ?rea de sucess?o inicial, mostrou a maior atividade dos fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares em ?rea perturbada que est? se regenerando, sugerindo a contribui??o dos FMAs para essa recupera??o do ecossistema de florestas secas. As propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas diferentes do solo na ?rea de sucess?o intermedi?ria provavelmente contribu?ram para a baixa concentra??o de glomalina e carbono. Os maiores teores de ?cidos h?micos e f?lvicos no solo de sucess?o intermedi?ria podem ter contribu?do tamb?m para a baixa atividade dos FMAs e podem ser devidos ? maior diversidade de esp?cies vegetais nesta ?rea. ? importante desenvolver estudos que comparem as propriedades qu?micas e f?sicas do solo com a atividade desses microorganismos simbiontes em diferentes sucess?es vegetais; que analisem a influ?ncia das subst?ncias h?micas na atividade dos FMAs em campo; e da influ?ncia da diversidade de esp?cies vegetais na atividade dos FMAs.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-28T23:45:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lara Raisa Cheles.pdf: 1045712 bytes, checksum: feec175794486c72d1aa9c07b185ee70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T23:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lara Raisa Cheles.pdf: 1045712 bytes, checksum: feec175794486c72d1aa9c07b185ee70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-06 / Item withdrawn by Luis Ricardo Andrade da Silva (lrasilva@uefs.br) on 2015-08-01T01:02:00Z Item was in collections: Cole??o UEFS (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lara Raisa Cheles.pdf: 1045712 bytes, checksum: feec175794486c72d1aa9c07b185ee70 (MD5) / Item reinstated by Luis Ricardo Andrade da Silva (lrasilva@uefs.br) on 2018-06-08T21:00:08Z Item was in collections: Cole??o UEFS (ID: 1) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lara Raisa Cheles.pdf: 1045712 bytes, checksum: feec175794486c72d1aa9c07b185ee70 (MD5) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals with medicinal purpose is one of the oldest forms of medical applications of humanity, and currently, the use of herbal medicines has increased in population. Considering the popular use of Lippia origanoides in the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and antiseptic action of its essential oil, this study aimed to test, through of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Microbicidal Concentration, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of L. origanoides resulting from plants after treatment with plant metabolism regulators: acetylsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, gibberellic acid, Stimulate ? and distilled water (control), continuing earlier work by our group. The results for the antimicrobial activity of the studied species varied according to the treatment received, collection period and the microorganism tested. In general, the 12 essential oils tested showed activity against the seven test microorganisms used. Oils resulting from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid had significantly lower MIC values, highlighting their high efficacy; being evident that the time for collecting the samples interfered in these results. The oil resulting from the first collection of plants were in general more efficient than the third. There was significant difference between the MIC values for strains of C. albicans CCMB 266 and CCMB 286, the latter being more sensitive to the oils from both collection periods. / O uso de extratos vegetais e fitoqu?micos com finalidade medicinal ? uma das mais antigas formas de aplica??o medicinal da humanidade, e atualmente, a utiliza??o de medicamentos fitoter?picos tem aumentado na popula??o brasileira. Considerando a utiliza??o popular de Lippia origanoides no tratamento de doen?as respirat?rias e gastrointestinais e a a??o antiss?ptica de seu ?leo essencial, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar, por meio do Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima e Concentra??o Microbicida M?nima, a atividade antimicrobiana, dos ?leos essenciais de L. origanoides resultantes de plantas ap?s tratamentos com os reguladores do metabolismo vegetal: ?cido acetilsalic?lico, ?cido jasm?nico, 6-benzilaminopurina, ?cido giber?lico, Stimulate? e ?gua destilada (controle), dando continuidade a um trabalho anterior de nosso grupo. Os resultados relativos ao potencial antimicrobiano da esp?cie estudada variaram de acordo com o tratamento recebido, per?odo de coleta e o micro-organismo testados. Em geral, os 12 ?leos essenciais testados apresentaram atividade contra os sete micro-organismos teste utilizados. Os ?leos resultantes do tratamento com ?cido acetilsalic?lico, ?cido jasm?nico e ?cido giber?lico apresentaram valores de MIC consideravelmente baixos, evidenciando a alta efic?cia dos mesmos, sendo evidente que a ?poca de coleta das amostras interferiu nestes resultados. Os ?leos resultantes da primeira coleta de plantas foram, em geral, mais eficientes que os da terceira. Houve diferen?a significativa entre os valores de MIC para as cepas de C. albicans CCMB 266 e CCMB 286, sendo a ?ltima mais sens?vel aos ?leos de ambos os per?odos de coleta.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RhudsonHSFC_DISSERT.pdf: 5005039 bytes, checksum: 70dbb1bcaa5bc237d15fad417a79c1ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fungi of the family Nidulariaceae or bird s nest fungi present a vase-shaped basidiomata with the wall surface smooth or striated lengthwise and internal structures resembling small bird eggs in a nest, the peridioles. Among the five genera that comprise the group, the more representative is Cyathus Haller: Pers. The Brazilian Northeast region shows major importance for the world s diversity by containing a Brazilian unique and exclusively phytoecological domain, the Caatinga, which lacks particular attention regarding macrofungi. Although the gradual growth of knowledge in recent years, studies are still insipient in the Caatinga domain. Between their various vegetal formations are the Brejos de Altitude , described as islands with moist perennial vegetation, low soil fertility and annual precipitation of 900 1.300 mm. This study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic richness of Nidulariaceae fungi in Caatinga s areas of Northeastern Brazil, describing and identifying species, as well as expanding the collection of Herbarium UFRN Fungos. For description of Nidulariaceae fungi was followed the proposed by specialized literature in the group. We have found and described 10 species of the genus Cyathus, namely: C. earlei Lloyd, C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul., C. gracilis H.J. Brodie, C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C. Tul., C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul., C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul., C. pallidus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul., C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. and C. tr?plex Lloyd. Beyond these have been described four new species to science: Cyathus calvescens R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. hortum R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. magnomuralis R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. and C. parvocinereus R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. Two samples were identified only to genus level. No member of Mycocalia J.T. Palmer, Nidula V.S. White, Nidularia Fr. and Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. has been found, however the results were extremely valuable for being an unprecedented work in Caatinga, and importante tool for implementation of conservation projects and sustainable utilization of this domain / Os Fungos da fam?lia Nidulariaceae, ou fungos ninho-de-p?ssaro , apresentam basidiomas em forma de vaso, com a superf?cie da parede lisa ou estriada longitudinalmente e estruturas internas que se assemelham a pequenos ovos de p?ssaros dentro de um ninho, os perid?olos. Dentre os cinco g?neros que comp?em o grupo, o mais representativo ? Cyathus Haller: Pers. O Nordeste Brasileiro apresenta grande import?ncia para a diversidade mundial por conter um dom?nio fitoecol?gico ?nico e exclusivamente brasileiro, a Caatinga, o qual carece de aten??o especial quanto aos macrofungos. Apesar do crescimento gradual de conhecimento nos ?ltimos anos, os estudos ainda s?o incipientes no dom?nio Caatinga. Entre as suas diversas forma??es vegetais existem os Brejos de Altitude, caracterizados como ilhas ?midas de vegeta??o perenif?lia, solo de baixa fertilidade e precipita??o anual entre 900 1.300 mm. Este trabalho visou levantar a riqueza taxon?mica dos fungos nidulari?ceos em ?reas de Caatinga do Nordeste Brasileiro, descrevendo e identificando esp?cies, bem como ampliando a cole??o do herb?rio UFRN Fungos. Para descri??o de fungos nidulari?ceos seguiu-se a proposta em literaturas especializadas do grupo. Foram encontradas e identificadas 10 esp?cies do g?nero Cyathus, a saber: C. earlei Lloyd, C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul., C. gracilis H.J. Brodie, C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C. Tul., C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul., C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul., C. pallidus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul., C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. e C. tr?plex Lloyd. Al?m dessas foram descritas 4 novas esp?cies para a ci?ncia: Cyathus calvescens R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. hortum R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. magnomuralis R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. e C. parvocinereus R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. Duas amostras foram identificadas apenas a n?vel de g?nero. Nenhum membro de Mycocalia J.T. Palmer, Nidula V.S. White, Nidularia Fr. e Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. foi encontrado, contudo os resultados foram de grande valia por ser um trabalho in?dito na Caatinga e importante subs?dio para aplica??o de projetos de conserva??o e utiliza??o sustent?vel do dom?nio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RuyAAL_DISSERT.pdf: 2128055 bytes, checksum: 8d6cb4ba8070b2733dd933f1021d095c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligatory symbiotic organisms that associate with roots of a large number of plant taxa, and are found in all terrestrial ecosystems. These fungi promote greater tolerance to environmental stresses to associated plant, favoring the establishment of plant communities, especially where soil fertility is a limiting factor, as in the Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian domain that has been focus of research due to its great biodiversity that can help clarify the history of vegetation in South America. Because of the ecological importance of AMF, the limited number of jobs and the potential diversity of the Caatinga, this work aims to inventory the diversity and determine AMF communities in areas with different faces occurrent in FLONA Araripe, Cear? (CE). The sample collection occurred in four periods at the beginning and end of the dry season (August and December 2011, respectively) and rainy (February and June 2012, respectively) in an area of marsh and woodland altitude of the Araripe, Crato, CE. The glomerosporos were extracted by wet sieving and centrifugation in water and sucrose (50%) mounted between slide and coverslip using PVLG and PVLG + Reagent Melzer. In total, we found 46 species of AMF distributed in eight families and 16 genera: Acaulospora (6), Ambispora (1), Cetraspora (2), Dentiscutata (5), Fuscutata (2), Gigaspora (6), Glomus (13) Intraornatospora (1), Kuklospora (1), Orbispora (1), Paradentiscutata (1), Quatunica (1), Racocetra (1), Scutellospora (2), Septoglomus (2) and a new genus. analysis showed that ecological each area of study has its own seasonal dynamics, with an area of woodland with a greater diversity of species throughout the year, while the marsh elevation showed greater variation in species found among the collection periods, showing that vegetation and rainfall has strong influence on the seasonal dynamics of AMF, as well as the availability of nutrients and soil pH so / Os fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMA) s?o organismos simbiontes obrigat?rios de ra?zes de vasto n?mero de t?xons vegetais, sendo encontrados em todos os ecossistemas terrestres. Estes fungos promovem maior toler?ncia a estresses ambientais aos vegetais associados favorecendo o estabelecimento de comunidades vegetais, especialmente quando a fertilidade do solo ? fator limitante, como em ?reas de Caatinga, dom?nio exclusivamente brasileiro que vem sendo foco de pesquisas em fun??o da particular biodiversidade que pode proporcionar maior compreen??o da hist?ria vegetacional de parte da Am?rica do Sul. Devido ? import?ncia ecol?gica dos FMA, ao limitado n?mero de trabalhos e o potencial em diversidade da Caatinga, este trabalho visa inventariar a diversidade e determinar as comunidades de FMA em ?reas com diferentes fisionomias ocorrentes na FLONA Araripe, Cear? (CE). A coleta das amostras ocorreu em quatro per?odos, no in?cio e final da esta??o seca (agosto e dezembro de 2011, respectivamente) e chuvosa (fevereiro e junho de 2012, respectivamente) em uma ?rea de brejo de altitude e de cerrad?o da Chapada do Araripe, Crato, CE. Os glomerosporos foram extra?dos por peneiramento ?mido e centrifuga??o em ?gua e sacarose (50%), montados entre l?mina e laminula utilizando PVLG e PVLG + Reagente de Melzer. No total, foram encontradas 46 esp?cies de FMA distribuidas em oito fam?lias e 16 g?neros: Acaulospora (6), Ambispora (1), Cetraspora (2), Dentiscutata (5), Fuscutata (2), Gigaspora (6), Glomus (13), Intraornatospora (1), Kuklospora (1), Orbispora (1), Paradentiscutata (1), Quatunica (1), Racocetra (1), Scutellospora (2), Septoglomus (2) e um novo g?nero. An?lises ecol?gicas mostraram que cada ?rea de estudo apresenta din?micas sazonais pr?prias, com a ?rea de cerrad?o com maior diversidade de esp?cies ao longo do ano, enquanto que o brejo de altitude mostrou maior varia??o nas esp?cies encontradas entre os periodos de coleta, mostrando que a vegeta??o e a pluviosidade tem forte influ?ncia na din?mica sazonal dos FMA, assim como a disponibilidade de nutrientes e o pH so solo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabeMSR_DISSERT.pdf: 3941458 bytes, checksum: 4b09d98a0eb4509332c88708ef85f1de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Edaphic ecosystems are the basis for the production of terrestrial biological resources and their dynamics affect not only the natural environment but also society and their economic activities. In Caatinga biome, the semi-arid climate associated with an inadequate soil management has increased the degradation and loss of productive potential of the soil. In this context, the study of soil fauna, including springtails, becomes an important indicator of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the fauna of Collembola in an area of Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, such as soil, vegetation and climate characteristics, on the structure of the taxocenosis. The environmental variables which were used were the following ones: granulometry (represented by the proportion of sand), quantity of organic matter and soil pH, richness, density and aerial biomass of the vegetal structure, and necromass. We used pitfall traps intending to collect specimens of the epiedaphic fauna of Collembola in 30 points located on Caua?u Farm, Jo?o C?mara, RN, in July (rainy season) and November (dry season) 2011. We collected 5513 individuals of 15 species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families of Collembola. Five of the recorded species are new to science, confirming the expected high degree of endemism for Caatinga biome, and the highest abundance was recorded in the rainy season, which suggests Collembola sensitivity to low humidity. Four species were more abundant in the dry season, all of them belonged to the Order Entomobryomorpha. Results of statistical analyzes suggest that plant species richness, aerial biomass of vegetal structure, proportion of sand in the soil, pH and humidity are the main influences to the abundance of Collembola in the region studied / Os ecossistemas ed?ficos s?o base para toda produ??o de recursos biol?gicos terrestres e sua din?mica afeta n?o apenas os ambientes naturais, mas tamb?m a sociedade e suas atividades econ?micas. Na Caatinga, o clima semi?rido associado ao uso inadequado do solo t?m potencializado a degrada??o e a perda do potencial produtivo das terras. Considerando que a fauna ed?fica, incluindo os col?mbolos, ? um importante indicador da qualidade do solo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a fauna de Collembola numa ?rea de Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, verificando a influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos, tais como caracter?sticas do solo, da vegeta??o e do clima, sobre a estrutura da taxocenose. As vari?veis ambientais utilizadas foram: granulometria (representada pela propor??o de areia), quantidade de mat?ria org?nica e pH do solo; riqueza, densidade e biomassa a?rea vegetal; e necromassa. Foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda (pitfall) para coletar esp?cimes da fauna epied?fica de Collembola em 30 pontos localizados na Fazenda Caua?u, Jo?o C?mara, RN, nos meses de julho (per?odo chuvoso) e novembro (per?odo seco) de 2011. Foram coletados 5.513 indiv?duos de 15 esp?cies, distribu?das em 13 g?neros e 9 fam?lias de Collembola. Cinco das esp?cies registradas s?o novas para a ci?ncia, confirmando a expectativa de alto grau de endemismo para o bioma, e a maior abund?ncia de indiv?duos foi registrada na esta??o chuvosa, o que sugere sensibilidade dos col?mbolos ? baixa umidade. Quatro esp?cies foram mais abundantes na esta??o seca, todas da Ordem Entomobryomorpha, e os resultados das an?lises estat?sticas sugerem que a riqueza de plantas, a biomassa vegetal a?rea, a propor??o de areia no solo, o pH e a umidade devida ?s chuvas sejam os principais influenciadores da abund?ncia de Collembola na regi?o estudada

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ReberthRBB_DISSERT.pdf: 2243508 bytes, checksum: 08d9cbc8397c520b3b6f096d4ff79edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Os t?rmitas comp?em uma importante por??o da biomassa animal nas florestas tropicais e s?o respons?veis por consumir grande parte dos recursos de origem vegetal. Entretanto, s?o escassos os estudos quantitativos sobre a popula??o dos ninhos e a sua participa??o no consumo de madeira nos ecossistemas tropicais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a composi??o das popula??es de Microcerotermes exiguus (Hagen, 1858) no interior dos seus ninhos e estimar o consumo de madeira em condi??es laboratoriais, com intuito de extrapolar os valores para um ecossistema de Caatinga. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Caua?u, localizada no munic?pio de Jo?o C?mara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram coletados 15 ninhos para an?lise, dos quais se obteve uma m?dia populacional por ninho de 73.897 ? 51.529, com amplitude de 6.758 160.107 indiv?duos/ninho. Houve correla??o positiva entre os volumes e os pesos dos ninhos, assim como entre a biomassa das popula??es dos ninhos e seus respectivos volumes. A m?dia da densidade dos ninhos de M. exiguus na ?rea estudada foi de 25,33 ninhos/ha, com uma estimativa de 109 indiv?duos/m2 e uma biomassa de 0,199g/m2. O consumo m?dio obtido em laborat?rio foi estimado em 10,5 ? 3,6 mg/g de t?rmitas (peso fresco)/dia. Desta forma, M. exiguus seria respons?vel por consumir 7,7 kg da mat?ria org?nica vegetal/ha/ano. Tendo em vista que a produ??o de galhos e ramos na ?rea de estudo ? de 510 kg/ha/ano, apenas os M. exiguus podem consumir cerca de 1,5% dessa quantia produzida pelos vegetais anualmente em ?reas de Caatinga. Se este valor de consumo for somada aos j? estimados para Constrictotermes cyphergaster e Heterotermes sulcatus para outras ?reas de Caatinga, as tr?s esp?cies podem consumir 151 kg/ha/ano, representando 27,45% da produ??o de ramos e galhos na ?rea de estudo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCAR.pdf: 3104381 bytes, checksum: 3792a4280761ca86a433edcac4c7f234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-17 / The purpose of this work is to analyze the knowledge relationships that articulate in projects of maintainable rural development construction for the paraiban semi-arid, analyzing the farmers daily practices and their relationship with the technological practices spread by ONGs. We took as empirical object the rural community of Lajedo de Timba?ba, municipal district of Soledade-PB, located in the very small region of paraiban Curimata?. It is a community where registers one of the first cases of maintainable rural development planning in the state of Para?ba. The analysis was centered on the farmers experiences of life in sustainability experience, trying to understand how they acquire new knowledge and how they interact with them. In methodological terms, it was considered feasible to place the knowledge interaction between the farmers and technicians from ONGs by placing the analysis according to Paulo Freire s questioning (2006): extension or communication? To understand the farmers daily practices, it was resorted to the theoretical contribution by Michel de Certeau (2008) in order to discern a microresistance movement of inversion/rejection/changing by the farmers in relation to their external knowledge. Just from the theoretical point of view and resorting to the imaginary social by Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), it was considered the way of living of the farmers researched, having as reference the experience in the material and symbolic production of their lives. It became indispensable, therefore, not to dissociate the knowledge relationships between farmers and technicians from ONGs from the sustainability concepts, maintainable rural development, and rural extension. The results of the study revealed that the farmers from Lajedo de Timba?ba while dealing with the technological practices proposed by ONGs that work in the community, express those practices from their daily logic, and they constitute them in survival strategies that are inserted in their own idiosyncrasy. It was verified, therefore, that the external knowledge presented by the proposals of sociability alternatives with the droughts in the perspective of maintainable development while placed in the farmers daily relationship, they are judged as advantageous or disadvantageous when they are confronted with their peculiar way of doing their daily work. The technological practices are incorporated, denied, or recreated starting from evaluative criteria related to the preservation of the soil and to the economical and social reproduction of the unit of production of family agriculture / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as rela??es de saberes que se articulam em projetos de constru??o do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel para o semi-?rido paraibano, analisando as pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores e sua rela??o com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas difundidas por ONGs. Tomamos como objeto emp?rico a comunidade rural de Lajedo de Timba?ba, munic?pio de Soledade-PB, localizada na microrregi?o do Curimata? paraibano. Trata-se de uma comunidade onde se registra um dos primeiros casos de planejamento do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel na Para?ba. A an?lise centrou-se nas viv?ncias dos agricultores em experi?ncia de sustentabilidade, procurando compreender como eles se apropriam de novos conhecimentos e com estes interagem. Em termos metodol?gicos, considerou-se fact?vel situar a intera??o de saberes entre os agricultores e os t?cnicos das ONGs, situando a an?lise conforme questionamento de Paulo Freire (2006): extens?o ou comunica??o? Para o entendimento das pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores, recorreu-se ? contribui??o te?rica de Michel de Certeau (2008), no sentido de discernir um movimento de microrresist?ncias, de invers?o/rejei??o/modifica??o pelos agricultores em rela??o aos saberes externos. Ainda do ponto de vista te?rico, recorrendo ao imagin?rio social de Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), considerou-se o modo de viver dos agricultores pesquisados, tendo como refer?ncia a experi?ncia na produ??o material e simb?lica de suas vidas. Por isso, fez-se imprescind?vel n?o dissociar as rela??es de saberes entre agricultores e t?cnicos de ONGs dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel e extens?o rural. O estudo realizado revelou que os agricultores de Lajedo de Timba?ba, ao se depararem com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas propostas pelas ONGs que atuam na comunidade, expressam essas pr?ticas a partir da sua l?gica cotidiana e as constituem em estrat?gias de sobreviv?ncia inseridas na sua pr?pria idiossincrasia. Constatou-se, portanto, que os saberes externos, proporcionados pelas propostas de alternativas de conviv?ncia com as secas, na perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustent?vel, quando postos na rela??o cotidiana dos agricultores, s?o julgados como vantajosos ou desvantajosos ao serem confrontados com o seu modo peculiar do fazer cotidiano. As pr?ticas tecnol?gicas s?o incorporadas, negadas ou recriadas a partir de crit?rios avaliativos relacionados ? preserva??o da terra e ? reprodu??o econ?mica e social da unidade de produ??o da agricultura familiar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaJPA_DISSERT.pdf: 4374448 bytes, checksum: 0394dbcd3eebb9c5bf4ba04fccb3a5c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / At the semiarid regions of developing countries the rural population has always been vulnerable to the climatic variations e its consequences. The effects of the semiarid climate, together with other biophysics, social and political-economic factors, impair the agricultural production, generating a situation of food insecurity and poverty in the rural areas. With the occurrence of climate change, natural resources of the semiarid regions can became scarcer, what would directly affect the agricultural production and those who depend on it. Therefore, the present study sought to study one of the most susceptible areas to the effects of the semiarid climate and desertification of Rio Grande do Norte, the potiguar s Serido. The study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and environmental factors that put farmers in a position of vulnerability to the effects of climate; assess their perceptions about climate variations that have already occurred and their knowledge about climate change and global warming, also to identify which adaptation strategies to climate they have adopted at the rural establishment. The survey was conducted in 29 communities of four counties of the potiguar s Serido Caico, Parelhas, Lagoa Nova and Acari. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local leaders and 241 questionnaires were applied with the family farmers. It was found that in addition to environmental factors such as the scarcity of water resources and climatic conditions, other factors such as the environmental degradation, the small size of the properties, the lack of technical assistance and financial resources and also the low education levels reduce the resilience capacity of family farming to the effects of the Semiarid climate. With the occurrence of climate change, the challenges for family farming at Serido will intensify. If farmers cannot adapt, the impacts may preclude this category of agricultural production causing serious harm to food security and further increasing the vulnerability situation of these populations. Although the farmers perceived changes in climate, the lack resources and information appears as the main reasons preventing the adoption of adaptation strategies. The lack of knowledge about climate change and global warming and the impacts that these phenomena may cause are also limiting factors for adaptation. It is therefore essential to identify the factors that influence the adoption of adaptation strategies, and seek alternatives to living with the semiarid that can strengthen the resilience of family farming and social reproduction that allow agricultural segment, even in a climate change scenario / Nas regi?es semi?ridas dos pa?ses em desenvolvimento as popula??es rurais sempre estiveram vulner?veis ?s varia??es clim?ticas e suas consequ?ncias. Os efeitos do clima Semi?rido, aliados ? outros fatores biof?sicos, sociais, pol?ticos e econ?micos, prejudicam a produ??o agr?cola, gerando uma situa??o de inseguran?a alimentar e pobreza no meio rural. Com o advento das mudan?as clim?ticas, os recursos naturais das regi?es semi?ridas poder?o se tornar ainda mais escassos, o que afetaria diretamente a produ??o agr?cola e os que dela dependem. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa buscou estudar uma das ?reas mais suscept?veis aos efeitos do clima semi?rido e da desertifica??o do Rio Grande do Norte, o Serid? potiguar. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores socioecon?micos e ambientais que colocam os agricultores familiares numa situa??o de vulnerabilidade aos efeitos do clima; avaliar suas percep??es sobre as varia??es clim?ticas j? ocorridas e seus conhecimentos sobre mudan?as clim?ticas e aquecimento global, al?m de verificar quais as estrat?gias de adapta??o ao clima foram realizadas no ?mbito do estabelecimento rural. A pesquisa foi realizada em 29 comunidades de quatro munic?pios do Serid? potiguar Caic?, Parelhas, Lagoa Nova e Acari. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com lideran?as locais e aplicados 241 question?rios com os agricultores familiares. Verificou-se que al?m dos fatores ambientais como a escassez dos recursos h?dricos e as condi??es clim?ticas outros fatores como degrada??o ambiental o tamanho reduzido das propriedades, a falta de assist?ncia t?cnica e de recursos financeiros, al?m do baixo n?vel de escolaridade dos agricultores reduzem a capacidade de resili?ncia da agricultura familiar aos efeitos do clima Semi?rido. Com a ocorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas, os desafios para a agricultura familiar do Serid? potiguar ir?o se intensificar e, caso os agricultores n?o consigam se adaptar, os impactos poder?o impossibilitar a produ??o agr?cola dessa categoria, causando graves preju?zos para a seguran?a alimentar e aumentando ainda mais a situa??o de vulnerabilidade dessas popula??es. Apesar de perceberem as altera??es no clima, a limita??o de recursos financeiros e a falta de informa??es aparecem como principais impedimentos ? ado??o de estrat?gias de adapta??o. A falta de conhecimento sobre as mudan?as clim?ticas, aquecimento global e sobre os impactos que esses fen?menos podem causar tamb?m s?o fatores limitantes ? adapta??o. Torna-se assim, essencial identificar os fatores que influenciam a ado??o de estrat?gias de adapta??o, al?m de buscar alternativas para a conviv?ncia com o semi?rido que possam fortalecer a resili?ncia da agricultura familiar e permitir reprodu??o social desse segmento agr?cola, mesmo num cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas