OBJECTIVE: Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease with a wide range of causes and clinical manifestations. Excessive alcohol consumption is a significant public health problem, and is a risk factor for a variety of diseases; however, the relationship between alcohol intake and overall oral health remains unclear. This study seeks to identify the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption (consuming two or more drinks per day) and specific indicators of periodontal health. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the Dental Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal study conducted at the Boston Veterans Affairs medical center, in which the initial cohort consisted of healthy male veterans residing in Greater Boston. Using demographic and behavioral information collected from surveys, and oral health data collected from clinical examinations, bivariate data analysis was conducted to compare periodontal health outcomes between those who drank less than two drinks per day (non-drinkers and moderate drinkers, n = 949) and those who drank two or more drinks per day (heavy drinkers, n = 237). Selected oral health outcomes for analysis were indicators of poor periodontal health and included: number of teeth, bleeding on probing, calculus and plaque levels, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, periodontal pocket depth measurements, and gingival recession. RESULTS: Results showed that the heavy alcohol consumption group was significantly associated with increased whole mouth mean alveolar bone loss and with periodontal pocket depths exceeding 4mm and 5mm, with a trend in heavy drinkers to have more teeth with increased levels of pocket depth. DISCUSSION: The detected association between heavy drinking and alveolar bone loss and pocket depth measurement is a significant clinical finding, and suggests that alcohol intake should be minimized in the interest of periodontal health. The results of this study point towards the need for future longitudinal studies to investigate the possible role of alcohol as a risk factor for periodontal outcomes.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Studies have revealed an association between periodontal disease and a number of systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. These findings may help physicians identify correctable causes of disease early in the course of progression or prevent disease onset entirely. As the number of possible systemic diseases associated with oral infection is being explored and expanded, cognitive impairment associated with dementia has been added to the list as a possible end organ target. This paper examines the available research focused on exploring this potential link between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease. Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease are both major public health concerns that most commonly affect the elderly population. Recently, several cross-sectional studies have investigated the oral health status of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, finding that often these individuals are not able to take care of their own oral needs. This has alerted healthcare professionals and caretakers to the need for more focused attention to oral health in this population. Conversely, a small number of studies have also set out to investigate the role of pre-existing poor oral health in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms and evidence recently published on this possible bi-directional link are reviewed in this paper. The central focus is on the role of inflammation in the central nervous system of patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is believed that chronic diseases, such as periodontal disease, can cause systemic inflammation by directly introducing bacterial pathogens, toxins, and other inflammation inducing substances into the bloodstream. Some of these studies have used detection methods to determine the presence of oral pathogens in distant body parts, including the brain. Several bacteria identified in these sites are major periodontal pathogens, which have also been linked to other systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Other studies have focused their research on the detection of inflammatory markers and endotoxins associated with pathogens involved in oral infection. Some studies have also indicated a significant correlation between lifetime tooth loss and impaired cognition later in life. Future research must continue to examine how periodontal pathogens and inflammation contribute to the pathology in AD, and whether the two diseases merely share common risk factors or are interrelated. Potential confounders including viral infections, head injury, low socioeconomic status, malnutrition and genetic inflammatory susceptibility must also be controlled for ill order for the results to be more conclusive While there is evidence indicating that a bidirectional link may exist between AD and periodontal disease, at this point there is still not enough evidence to establish this conclusively. Still, the studies presented here do serve as an important foundation for future research; such as randomized-controlled intervention trials with long term followup that would help elucidate causation. The results of these preliminary investigations are certainly promising enough to warrant these future studies to determine if preventative oral health measures could potentially reduce the risk of developing AD. / 2031-01-01

Orientadores: Sergio de Toledo, Antonio W. Sallum / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:24:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pontarolli_KamilleBarbosa_M.pdf: 1693342 bytes, checksum: 2cf2c22fdb50200565e801e97fafb6bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A infecção periodontal atua como um reservatório de microrganismos gram-negativos anaeróbicos, lipopolissacarídeos e mediadores inflamatórios como a PGE2 e o TNF-a. Estes mediadores atuam também no trabalho de parto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em ratas, a relação entre a doença periodontal induzida e seus efeitos sobre a prenhez. Para isto foram utilizadas ratas Wistar divididas em três grupos: o grupo prenhez (PR) (n=16); o grupo prenhez + doença periodontal (PRDP) (n=21) e o grupo doença periodontal (DP) (n=09). A indução da doença periodontal foi feita com ligaduras de fio de algodão colocadas em 06 molares, 60 dias antes da indução à reprodução. As fêmeas adultas foram sacrificadas após os nascimentos das proles para análise da evolução da doença periodontal entre os diferentes grupos de pesquisa, através de histometria das furcas dos primeiros molares inferiores. O resultado da histometria demonstrou que ambos os grupos com doença periodontal induzida, apresentaram maior perda óssea em relação ao grupo não doente (PRDP: 191,6 ± 72,99; DP: 148,7 ± 44,37; PR: 53,05 ± 12,86; p<0.0001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos com relação ao tempo de gestação (PR: 23,12 ± 0,88; PRDP: 22,61 ± 0,86 dias). Não houve diferença no peso de filhotes vivos entre os grupos (PR: 6,20g ± 0,48; PRDP: 6,10g ± 0,44; p=0.5404). Foi identificada significância estatística entre o peso dos filhotes não-viáveis de ratas saudáveis (PR: 6,34g ± 0,41) e de ratas doentes (PRDP: 4,96g ± 0,52; p=0.0062). De acordo com o presente estudo, a doença periodontal experimental em ratas associou-se à embrioletalidade e restrição do crescimento fetal / Abstract: The periodontal infection is a reserve of gram-negative anaerobic microrganisms, lipopolysaccharidaes and inflammatory mediators like the PGE2 and the TNF-a. These mediators also act in the childbirth. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in female rats, the relationship between the induced periodontal disease and your effects on pregnancy. To this, Wistar rats were divided in three groups: the pregnancy group (PR) (n=16); the pregnancy + periodontal disease group (PRDP) (n=21) and the periodontal disease group (DP) (n=09). The induction of the periodontal disease was made by cotton ligatures around 06 molar teeth, 60 days before the reproduction induction. Additionally, the adult females were sacrificed after the births of offsprings to analyse the evolution of the periodontal disease between the different groups of research, through histometric of furcation area of the first molars inferiors. On histometric procedure, both groups with induced periodontal disease showed a increased bone loss when compared with no-disease group (PRDP: 191,6 ± 72,99; DP: 148,7 ± 44,37; PR: 53,05 ± 12,86; p<0.0001). It was not found difference between groups with relation to pregnancy time (PR: 23,12 ± 0,88; PRDP: 22,61 ± 0,86 days). It was not found differences between the average of the weight of livings puppies between groups (PR: 6,20g ± 0,48; PRDP: 6,10g ± 0,44; p=0.5404). It was identified significance statistic between stillborn puppies of healthful rats (PR: 6,34g ± 0,41) and sick rats (PRDP: 4,96 ± 0,52; p=0.0062). In agreement with this study, the experimental periodontal disease in rats could be associated with the embryolethality and fetal growth restriction / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting tissues of teeth. Clinical observations and experimental evidence indicates that there is a genetic influence of risk factors for periodontitis. A specific pattern of IL-1 polymorphisms (known as the composite IL-1 genotype) has been found to influence the severity of chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the IL-1 gene polymorphisms and the severity of periodontal disease in a selected Xhosa ppopulation of South africa. / South Africa

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disease often associated with damage to the soft tissues and hard structures that support teeth. Within the subgingival biofilm, multiple microorganisms initiate inflammatory responses that can lead to a chronic oral inflammatory state, in which periodontal ligament may be damaged leading to alveolar bone loss. In recent studies, amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution (ACCS) and cytokines secreted by the amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells (AMPs) obtained from the placenta illustrated evidence of wound healing, promotion of macrophage activity, and infected tissue repair. Furthermore, ACCS were capable of preventing periodontal inflammation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in an experimental model, suggesting its role in modulating host's inflammatory response in order to arrest, if not eradicate, inflammation in periodontal tissues.. This study aimed to investigate a novel combination of ACCS that specifically targeted the bone tissues. Whereas in previous study, ACCS was tested to identify the efficacy of its ability to reduce inflammation and to repair damages in gingiva and reduce alveolar bone loss, ACCS-B was tested here to determine its impact on bone turnover. The study used a periodontal model of rabbit jaws to induce periodontitis. Periodontitis-specific pathogen P. gingivalis was applied in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) slurry topically applied to the mandibular second premolars at the site of silk ligatures.. The silk ligatures were placed to serve as the retention for the P. gingivalis slurry. The protocol followed two phases, the disease induction phase (6 weeks) and the treatment phase (6 weeks). In the disease induction phase, 24 New-Zealand White rabbits were induced with topical P. gingivalis every other day on the mandibular premolars. At the end of this phase, 3 rabbits were randomly selected and sacrificed to serve as the baseline disease group. Of the remaining 21 rabbits, 3 rabbits were kept untreated and served as untreated-control group and the remaining 18 rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 different treatment groups: Placebo Treatment (Saline), ACCS-U treatment, and ACCS-B treatment. During the treatment phase, each treatment group received its respective treatments to the ligated sites 3 times a week in an every-other-day fashion. After 6 weeks, the rabbit jaws were evaluated histologically. At the end of treatment phase, the untreated group exhibited significant progression of periodontal disease evident by the destruction of soft and hard tissue on the site of interest. ACCS-U and ACCS-B showed substantial reduction of tissue inflammation and crestal bone loss compared to those in baseline disease, untreated, and saline-treated groups, however there were no statistically significant differences between ACCS-B and ACCS-Utreated sites. . Histological findings, specifically Masson's Trichrome stained sections, revealed that collagen deposition and new bone formations were actively present in the alveolar bone of ACCS-treated groups. Moreover, quantitative assessments of inflammatory cell activity and osteoclastic activity at the crestal and along the bone surfaces of the ligated sites by Hematoxylin-Eosin stains and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stains respectively, confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity by the ACCS-treatments. The osteocalcin stained cells also revealed the initiation of bone formation and bone repair in the ACCS-treated groups. These results state a clear indication of control of inflammatory disease and as a result, bone formation and tissue repair in both ACC-U and ACC-B treated groups.. As for the untreated group and the baseline disease group, significant disease progression is highlighted by bone loss and high level of inflammation in the site of interest. Although ACCS-B was inferior to previously tested ACCS-U with regard to anti-inflammatory effects and bone formation it clearly demonstrated its future use as potential treatment for periodontal disease, along with restoration of damaged tissues. These results further solidify findings that ACCS acts through host-modulated anti-inflammatory actions in the inflammatory conditions.

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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 175-194. Eikenella corrodens, a Gram-negative rod, is a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity. It is one of the most commonly detected cultivable bacteria from sub- and supra-gingival plaque and is often isolated in elevated proportions from sites exhibiting destructive periodontal disease compared with healthy sites. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of E. corrodons, with particular reference to energy generation, and to determine the effect of physical environmental parameters on its growth.

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 175-194. / xiii, 195 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Eikenella corrodens, a Gram-negative rod, is a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity. It is one of the most commonly detected cultivable bacteria from sub- and supra-gingival plaque and is often isolated in elevated proportions from sites exhibiting destructive periodontal disease compared with healthy sites. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of E. corrodons, with particular reference to energy generation, and to determine the effect of physical environmental parameters on its growth. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 2000

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 175-194. / xiii, 195 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Eikenella corrodens, a Gram-negative rod, is a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity. It is one of the most commonly detected cultivable bacteria from sub- and supra-gingival plaque and is often isolated in elevated proportions from sites exhibiting destructive periodontal disease compared with healthy sites. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of E. corrodons, with particular reference to energy generation, and to determine the effect of physical environmental parameters on its growth. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 2000

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1964.