L’oxydation et le développement microbien constituent les paramètres majeurs à l’origine de l’altération des produits alimentaires, notamment des aliments pour animaux. Ces dégradations affectent les qualités nutritionnelles et sensorielles des produits et peuvent avoir des répercussions au niveau sanitaire. Dans ce contexte, différents moyens de prévention sont disponibles pour limiter ces phénomènes. Parmi eux, la valorisation d’ingrédients d’origine végétale à des fins alimentaires représente un enjeu majeur pour la recherche et l’industrie. Leur utilisation en tant que conservateurs naturels pourrait constituer une alternative attractive aux antioxydants et antimicrobiens synthétiques qui souffrent d’une moindre acceptation par le consommateur.Au travers de cette étude nous avons identifié et caractérisé la performance de quinze extraits végétaux d’un point de vue antioxydant et antimicrobien. Après une caractérisation moléculaire des extraits, leur pouvoir antioxydant a été mesuré puis leur pouvoir antimicrobien sur trois souches de Salm onella. Pour cela, une procédure de sélection a été mise en place. Enfin les extraits présentant les caractéristiques les plus intéressantes ont été testés sur une vraie matrice alimentaire : des croquettes. / Oxidation and microbial growth are the major parameters causing the deterioration of food products, including pet food. These degradations affect the nutritional and sensory qualities of the products and may lead to health issues. In this context, various ways of prevention are available to limit these phenomena. Among them, the promotion of plant extracts for food is a major challenge for research and industry. Their use as natural preservatives could be an attractive alternative to synthetic antioxidants or antimicrobials that suffer from lower consumer acceptance.Through this study we have identified and characterized the performance of fifteen plant extracts from an antioxidant and antimicrobial point of view. After a molecular characterization of the extracts, their antioxidant capacity was measured as well as their antimicrobial property on three Salmonella strains. The establishment of a selection procedure was made. Finally, the extracts presenting the most interesting characteristics were tested on a real food matrix: kibbles.

Master of Science / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Greg Aldrich / Novel ingredients fuel growth in the pet food market. Sorghum grain is a promising ingredient source. It grows in semi-arid regions and the pericarp is rich in phenolic compounds that are well-known antioxidants. The objectives were to determine the impact of milling sorghum on yield and composition of the various fractions, their impact on diet extrusion, and nutrient utilization when fed to dogs. Sorghum milling yields were 68.3% flour, 27.2% mill-feed, and 1.25% germ. Four nutritionally similar dog diets were extruded containing whole sorghum (WSD), sorghum flour (FLD), sorghum mill-feed (MFD), or a control diet (CON) with an equal proportion of corn, wheat and rice. The MFD had the highest (P < 0.05) bulk density and was 1.37-fold heavier than FLD. The FLD had a sectional expansion index (SEI) of 1.92 and 1.35-fold more than MFD and WSD. The FLD and MFD had the hardest kibbles (P < 0.05). Twelve Beagle dogs were fed the experimental diets in a 4 period replicated Latin square design with 9 d adaptation and 5 d total fecal collection (TFC). Fecal output was also estimated using acid insoluble ash (AIA), Cr₂O₃ and TiO₂. Plasma antioxidant activity was measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. Fecal scores were highest (P < 0.05) for MFD treatment and lowest for CON, with FLD and WSD similar to both extremes. Dogs fed the MFD had the largest quantity (P < 0.05) of feces excreted and FLD the least. Dogs fed the FLD had highest (P < 0.05) overall nutrient digestibility values; whereas, MFD had the lowest values. TiO₂ estimates of fecal output correlated best to all other markers. The MFD had more than 2-fold (P < 0.05) the antioxidant value by ORAC versus the other treatments (20,482 vs average 8,923 μM Trolox Equivalent/L). This study suggests that sorghum flour would benefit easy-to-digest foods and the sorghum mill-feed could benefit foods needing indigestible fiber and antioxidants. Titanium dioxide may be a better marker for fecal output than Cr₂O₃ or TFC. Future work should determine the optimal mill-feed level to provide health benefits without affecting nutrient digestibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMB.pdf: 1615938 bytes, checksum: 2b3332c0b7fc9e100a26030202054cd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-29 / The pet, especially dogs and cats, possess a growing participation in home living and in the human and social coexistence, linking intensely with their owners and providing moments of pleasure and happiness. The market of consumption of goods and services, for maintenance of the lifestyle of these pets, especially its feeding, has been growing globally in great scale, especially in Brazil. The accelerated growth of the Petfood market, the changes in the purchase behavior and consumption and the form as the products are marketed by the distribution channels, specialized, grocery and discount stores, present a great administration challenge for the industries. In function of this, this work was accomplished with the main objective to study and comprehend which are the main functions of the structures of distribution of Petfood used by the manufacturers to reach the final consumer. It is also aimed at to know as the main manufacturers manage their distribution channels and which strategy they use. / Os animais de estimação, especialmente cães e gatos, possuem uma participação crescente nos lares e na convivência social, relacionando-se intensamente com seus proprietários e proporcionando momentos de prazer e alegria. O mercado de consumo de bens e serviços, para manutenção do estilo de vida destes animais, em especial sua alimentação, tem crescido em grande escala mundialmente e, especialmente, no Brasil. O acelerado crescimento do mercado de Petfood, as mudanças no comportamento de compra e consumo e a forma como os produtos são comercializados pelos canais de distribuição especializados e de auto-serviço, apresentam um grande desafio de gestão para as empresas. Em função disto, este trabalho foi realizado com o principal objetivo de estudar e buscar compreender quais são, e quais as principais funções, das diferentes estruturas de distribuição de alimentos para cães e gatos (Petfood) utilizadas pelos fabricantes para atingir o consumidor final. Objetiva-se também saber como os principais fabricantes gerenciam seus canais de distribuição e que estratégia utilizam. Estas informações podem contribuir para o aumento da eficiência na gestão dos canais, além de permitir menores índices de conflitos, aumentando os níveis de satisfação entre os membros. Os resultados indicam que diferentes formas de gestão de canal e estratégias podem ser aplicadas, de acordo com a filosofia empresarial adotada e os objetivos de distribuição existentes.