Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (Line-1 or L1) accounts for approximately 17% of the human genome. The majority of L1s are inactive, but ~100 remain retrotransposon competent (RC-L1) and retrotranspose through RNA intermediates to different locations of the genome. It is well established that L1 is involved in both disease initiation and progression via retrotransposition dependent and independent mechanisms. Retrotransposed L1 sequences disrupt loci (e.g. gene structure) in ways that lead to human disease, and activities of L1 si/piRNA, ORF1 and ORF2 proteins are implicated in the etiology and progression of human diseases such as in breast and colon cancer (Miki et al., 1992; Ohms et al., 2014). Despite these implications, very little is known about pharmacological molecules that inhibit and reverse L1’s harmful effects. The clinical utility of L1 as a player in tumorigenesis and as a biomarker for disease initiation and progression is not thoroughly understood. In this review, we analyzed the life cycle of L1, its roles in disease initiation and progression, clinical utilities and potential as a pharmacological target and a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, such as cancer.

Abstract Introduction & Background: One of the most common and debilitating side effects of cancer is fatigue. Fatigue is a general feeling of tiredness or weakness that can greatly impact a patient’s quality of life. It can have a profound impact on a patient’s ability to perform day to day activities and cause emotional distress leading to anxiety and depression. In recent years, there has been an increase in research to look at the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on improving cancer patients’ fatigue. Purpose Statement: The purpose of our research is to look at the effectiveness of different types of non-pharmacological interventions on improving fatigue in lung cancer patients. Literature Review: The ETSU Library Database was used to locate the articles reviewed for this research. Only articles that were peer reviewed, open access, and available online were used. Articles that were published in 2016 or before were eliminated in the search to ensure the research’s relevancy. A total of five articles were selected to be reviewed. Findings: Progressive muscle relaxation therapy, physical therapies such as acupressure, acupuncture, and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, psychological intervention using the PERMA framework, and light exercise and balance programs consisting of walking in place showed an improvement in cancer patients’ level of fatigue. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue, compared to traditional pharmacological treatments, prove to have fewer adverse side-effects and risks for the patient. Therefore, these interventions are a safer and effective option in managing the distressing symptoms like fatigue that many lung cancer patients face while undergoing treatment.

No description available.

Le volume de données disponible croît de manière très importante et ouvre d'importants défis pour les exploiter. Les domaines scientifiques du Web sémantique et des ontologies sont alors une réponse pour aider à traiter les données de manière efficace. Ainsi les ontologies sont actuellement devenues incontournables dans de nombreux domaines d'application pour représenter la connaissance experte.Le domaine que nous considérons dans nos travaux est celui des Interventions Non Médicamenteuses (INM) nommées Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) en anglais. Elles sont de plus en plus étudiées sur le plan scientifique. Elles sont liées à divers secteurs : psychologie, thérapies manuelles, nutrition, activités sportives adaptées, solutions e-santé, etc.Avec l'augmentation de leur usage, il devient de plus en plus nécessaire d'évaluer leur efficacité de manière scientifique, dans une démarche pilotée par des spécialistes et expliquée de manière claire et accessible aux utilisateurs. Pour ce faire, il est essentiel de disposer d'une classification évolutive et consensuelle effectuée au niveau international pour les spécialistes. Dans ce domaine, le développement d'une ontologie est crucial pour faciliter les recherches bibliographiques et mettre en place des bonnes pratiques.Dans nos travaux, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux enjeux majeurs liés à la construction d'une telle ontologie, d'une part comment effectuer la collecte du vocabulaire et d'autre part comment aider à la compréhension par visualisation.La construction manuelle de l'ontologie est en effet fastidieuse et longue. En particulier, la collecte des termes liés au domaine des INM nécessite beaucoup d'efforts et de temps tant le champ du vocabulaire est large. Ainsi le terme INM lui-même est parfois remplacé par d'autres (médecines alternatives, médecines douces, etc). Une méthode automatique ou semi-automatique est alors vue comme une aide importante pour la construction de la représentation de la connaissance.De plus, les ontologies sont parfois considérées comme difficiles à prendre en main pour les personnes non spécialistes de modélisation, en raison de leur complexité, de leur taille ou des propriétés et relations qu'elles incluent. Ainsi, un outil de visualisation doit être proposé pour les experts des INM. L'outil aura deux buts, d'une part visualiser l'ontologie existante, d'autre part proposer des modifications relatives à la structuration de l'ontologie qui doit se construire de manière collaborative.Des contributions sont proposées dans cette thèse sur ces deux sujets (construction du vocabulaire et visualisation). Deux approches sont présentées pour la construction, l'une reposant sur la connaissance experte et l'autre sur un corpus. Une mesure de similarité est introduite et évaluée. Pour la visualisation, notre proposition repose sur l'utilisation de cartes conceptuelles. Il s'agit alors de ré-écrire l'ontologie sous ce nouveau format et de proposer des outils permettant de distinguer les différents éléments et liens entre les éléments. Un outil a été implémenté, permettant de transformer les ontologies décrites en OWL pour les visualiser. / The explosion of data on the Internet leads to challenges in working with them. Semantic Web and ontology are required to address those problems. Nowadays, ontology plays more and more an important role as a means in domain knowledge representation.In recent years, Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) have attracted a lot of attention in the health care community. NPIs can no longer stop at a professional discipline to describe them (psychotherapy, manual therapy, dietary supplement, adapted physical activity, e-health solution, etc.). It requires access to a more concrete level of description where each NPI can be evaluated by science, monitored by professionals and explained to the patient. To do this, an international and evolutionary classification based on the results of science is necessary. Thus, developing an ontology for NPIs is crucial. This ontology will facilitate bibliographic research, usage statistics and the identification of good practices.Constructing this ontology manually is time consuming and thus an expensive process. Particularly, the step of collecting the NPI terminology requires much more time than the rest, because of heterogeneous and big resources in the context of NPIs. An automatic or semi-automatic method is thus essential to support NPI experts in this task.Besides, ontologies are often complex with lots of classes, properties and relationships. They are not easy to understand by domain experts. Therefore, a simple and friendly visualization of the ontology for NPI experts needs to be considered. The visualization does not only help NPI experts to easily understand the ontology but also provides support for the NPI ontology development process.In this thesis, we propose methodologies to address the aforementioned challenges. The first contribution concerns the semi-automatic process for collecting NPI terms. Two approaches, knowledge-based and corpus-based, are presented to retrieve candidate NPI terms. A new similarity measure for NPI is proposed and evaluated. The second contribution is a new method for ontology visualization based on MindMap. This work aims at providing a simple and friendly tool to visualize an ontology which is used by domain experts. We propose a MindMap-based notation for ontology visualization by transforming ontology components to MindMap elements. A web-based tool is then implemented to convert OWL ontologies to FreeMind documents which can be imported by existing Mind-Mapping applications to make visualizations.

The diploma paper was prepared on: Alternative treatment of hypertension in the Czech Republic and its impact on nursing care. Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system and it is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the Czech Republic. High blood pressure occurs more and more often nowadays and it is frequently underestimated by patients. Therefore, its treatment as well as its prevention is important. A nurse should be able to guide patients with hypertension along the right path and to advise them, especially in relation to preventive precautions against hypertension origination, but also a nurse should be close during the treatment of high blood pressure using other methods. Two types of interviews were carried out with nurses and patients at the cardiology department of hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s, at the cardiology department of hospital Na Homolce, a.s. and at the department of internal medicine at hospital Nemocnice Klatovy, o.p.s. In both the interviews, we first focused on the identification data of the nurses and the patients, and then questions were directed at answering our research questions specified in advance. According to the results of the data obtained from the interviews with the nurses and the patients, it was found that there was no difference in the nursing care provided to patients treated pharmacologically and patients with non-pharmacological treatment. The individual variants of hypertension treatment therefore have no impact on nursing care. Research question 1 was: Are there any differences in nursing care between pharmacological hypertension treatment and alternative hypertension treatment? Research question 2 was: Do alternative hypertension treatment methods affect nursing care? Both of these research questions have been answered by the data obtained from the interviews with the nurses as well as with the patients. Research question 3 was: Do patients view alternative hypertension treatment as part of the treatment of this disease? This question was answered by the data obtained from the interviews with the patients. Since the survey found that there are not any differences in the nursing care provided to patients with pharmacological therapy or non-pharmacological treatment, and that alternative hypertension treatment methods have no effect on nursing care, the two groups of patients should be educated properly and checked for high blood pressure. An appropriate recommendation is to organize additional research to the problems of educating patients on regimen precautions during non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension.

Atualmente, as doenças cardiovasculares são apontadas como as principais causas de mortes no Brasil e no mundo. Essas doenças são causadas pelo comprometimento das artérias, principalmente as artérias coronárias. Essas artérias possuem a importante função de transportar nutrientes ao próprio coração, possibilitando que o mesmo exerça sua tarefa de suprir todo o resto do corpo com elementos essenciais à sobrevivência do indivíduo. Este trabalho é sobre um estudo do comportamento dessas artérias quando ocorre a difusão de um fluido através de suas paredes. Primeiramente, estudou-se a composição das artérias coronárias, suas funções e patologias, para extrair elementos para compor um modelo fisicamente realístico e analiticamente tratável. Devido à sua composição histológica em três túnicas, a artéria coronária foi modelada como um cilindro elástico composto de cilindros ocos e concêntricos. Investigou-se então a solução do problema da difusão de um fluido em duas e três camadas, sendo esta última configuração geométrica mais próxima da realidade. Por fim, estudou-se a difusão de um fármaco contido em um stent farmacológico, cuja função é desobstruir uma artéria aterosclerosada e evitar sua reestenose. / Currently, cardiovascular diseases are known to be the primary cause of death in Brasil and worldwide. These diseases are caused by the malfunction of the arteries, especially the coronary arteries. These arteries have the important role of transporting nutrients to the heart itself, allowing it to exert its main task of providing the rest of the body with essential elements to the survival of an individual. This work is about a study of the diffusion of a fluid through the walls of a coronary artery. First, the composition of the coronary arteries, their functions, and pathologies were studied to extract elements that could be used to construct a model that is both physically realistic and analytically amenable to analysis. Due to its histologic composition in three layers, a coronary artery was modeled as an elastic cylinder composed of hollow and concentric cylinders. The solution of the diffusion problem of a fluid in two and three layers was studied, being this last geometrical configuration the closest to reality. Finally, the diffusion of a drug contained in a pharmacological stent was investigated. The main task of this type of stent is to clear an atherosclerotic artery and to avoid its restenosis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an evidence-based creative expression therapy for Chinese people with dementia in hospitals, LTC settings and household. Background: Creative expression (CE) has been shown to be effective for engagement of both people with dementia and carers to communicate in the USA. However, there are limited cross-cultural studies of psychological therapy of people with dementia in China. Method: The overall research strategy is a mixed method. To develop standard CE programme, action research was conducted by three sequential sessions in the geriatric wards, long term care institution and patients’ homes respectively. 7rounds of action research cycle including plan, action, observation, reflective discussion was complemented and 31 people with dementia received CE intervention and evaluating by means of observation, semi-structure interview. The following evaluation research is a controlled trial for people with dementia in LCT settings and hospitals. 91 cases of people with dementia were recruited and divided into two groups. While a series of social contact activities were conducted on the 48 cases control group, the revised CE intervention carried out on the 43 cases test group, both twice weekly for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was measured by MMSE、QOL-AD、CSDD and SFACS in week 0, week 7, week 10. Findings For the social communication and communication of basic needs in SFACS score, pleasure and general alertness mood by OERS, the test group presented significantly better effect than the control group (P < 0.05). Although both group had a decline effect on CSDD score, the test group were maintaining lower 1month after intervention (P < 0.05). Thus the revised CE programme may improve the communication ability and alleviate depression of people with dementia significantly .However, although the quality of life is less affected, it showed a rising tendency after CE programme. Conclusions: This study added trans-cultural evidence on dementia treatment and developed a standard and effective creative expression intervention on Chinese people affected by dementia.

Valeriana glechomifolia é uma espécie vegetal endêmica da região sul do Brasil. Ela acumula valepotriatos em todos os seus órgãos, que são os possíveis componentes sedativos das espécies de Valeriana utilizadas farmaceuticamente. Foi comparado o crescimento in vitro de V. glechomifolia em meios de cultura sólidos Murashige e Skoog completo (MS), com 75% dos nutrientes inorgânicos (MS 75) ou em uma formulação modificada (M ) em culturas mantidas a longo prazo, por até 9 meses sem subcultura. Alterações da biomassa, do desenvolvimento de raízes e partes aéreas, bem como a produção dos valepotriatos acevaltrato, valtrato e diidrovaltrato foram avaliadas mensalmente. O maior aumento de biomassa e desenvolvimento foliar foi detectado em plantas cultivadas em meio MS, e o melhor desenvolvimento radicular foi observado em plantas cultivadas em meio MS modificado (M ) durante o cultivo. A análise por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência mostrou que o máximo de rendimento de valtrato e diidrovaltrato foi após os seis meses de cultivo em plantas em meio M , enquanto a maior concentração de acevaltrato foi encontrada em plântulas cultivadas em meio MS 75, após sete meses de cultivo. Os resultados sugerem uma relação direta entre crescimento e acúmulo de valepotriatos, e um efeito positivo do aumento da quantidade de micronutrientes e de mesoinositol nos rendimentos valepotriatos em plantas mantidas em longo período de cultivo. Também foi analisado o efeito neurocomportamental de um extrato contendo uma mistura de valepotriatos (EV) de V. glechomifolia. Camundongos adultos foram tratados com doses de 1, 3 e 10 mg/kg de EV ou veículo, 30 minutos antes dos testes. Durante a exploração no campo aberto, os camundongos tratados com 10 mg/kg mostraram redução na locomoção e no comportamento exploratório (número de rearings) em comparação aos animais controle, e o EV não induziu alteração na ansiedade. Todos os grupos realizaram normalmente a tarefa de memória de reconhecimento de novo objeto, exceto o grupo que recebeu 3 mg/kg, que apresentou piora na memória de reconhecimento do novo objeto. Os resultados indicaram que os camundongos tratados com valepotriatos não apresentaram déficits de memória aversiva de longa duração, e apenas a dose de 3 mg/kg apresentou um prejuízo na tarefa de memória de reconhecimento de novo objeto, além de uma possível propriedade sedativa na dose de 10 mg/kg. / Valeriana glechomifolia is a plant species endemic to southern Brazil. It accumulates the terpene derivatives valepotriates, the presumed sedative components of the pharmaceutically used species of Valeriana, in all of its organs. In vitro growth of V. glechomifolia on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) without phytohormones at full, 75% (MS 75) or on a modified formulation (M ) was compared in long term stock cultures kept for up to 9 months without subculture. Changes in biomass accumulation, development of roots and shoots, as well as the production of valepotriates acevaltrate, valtrate and didrovaltrate were monthly evaluated. The best root development was observed in plants grown on modified MS medium (M ∆ ), whereas highest biomass accumulation and leaf development were detected in MS medium grown plants throughout the period. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed maximal valtrate and didrovaltrate yields on M ∆ grown plants harvested after six months of culture, whereas acevaltrate concentration was highest on MS 75 grown plants after seven months of culture. The overall results suggest a direct relationship between growth and valepotriate accumulation, and a positive effect of increases in micronutrient and myo-inositol amounts on valepotriate yields of long-term stock-cultures. An extract containing a mixture of valepotriates (EV) of V. glechomifolia was evaluated in relation to neurobehavioral parameters. Adult mice were treated with doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg of EV or vehicle, 30 minutes before tests. During exploration of an open field, mice treated with 10 mg/kg showed reduced locomotion and reduced exploratory behavior (number of rearings) compared to control animals, and the EV did not induce alterations in anxiety. All groups performed normally the task of novel object recognition memory, except the group receiving 3 mg/kg dose, which showed decrease in novel object recognition memory. The results indicated that mice treated with valepotriates presented no deficits in long-term memory for aversive training and presented an impairment in novel object recognition memory task only at 3 mg/kg, as well as a possible sedative proprieties at 10 mg/kg.

Atualmente, as doenças cardiovasculares são apontadas como as principais causas de mortes no Brasil e no mundo. Essas doenças são causadas pelo comprometimento das artérias, principalmente as artérias coronárias. Essas artérias possuem a importante função de transportar nutrientes ao próprio coração, possibilitando que o mesmo exerça sua tarefa de suprir todo o resto do corpo com elementos essenciais à sobrevivência do indivíduo. Este trabalho é sobre um estudo do comportamento dessas artérias quando ocorre a difusão de um fluido através de suas paredes. Primeiramente, estudou-se a composição das artérias coronárias, suas funções e patologias, para extrair elementos para compor um modelo fisicamente realístico e analiticamente tratável. Devido à sua composição histológica em três túnicas, a artéria coronária foi modelada como um cilindro elástico composto de cilindros ocos e concêntricos. Investigou-se então a solução do problema da difusão de um fluido em duas e três camadas, sendo esta última configuração geométrica mais próxima da realidade. Por fim, estudou-se a difusão de um fármaco contido em um stent farmacológico, cuja função é desobstruir uma artéria aterosclerosada e evitar sua reestenose. / Currently, cardiovascular diseases are known to be the primary cause of death in Brasil and worldwide. These diseases are caused by the malfunction of the arteries, especially the coronary arteries. These arteries have the important role of transporting nutrients to the heart itself, allowing it to exert its main task of providing the rest of the body with essential elements to the survival of an individual. This work is about a study of the diffusion of a fluid through the walls of a coronary artery. First, the composition of the coronary arteries, their functions, and pathologies were studied to extract elements that could be used to construct a model that is both physically realistic and analytically amenable to analysis. Due to its histologic composition in three layers, a coronary artery was modeled as an elastic cylinder composed of hollow and concentric cylinders. The solution of the diffusion problem of a fluid in two and three layers was studied, being this last geometrical configuration the closest to reality. Finally, the diffusion of a drug contained in a pharmacological stent was investigated. The main task of this type of stent is to clear an atherosclerotic artery and to avoid its restenosis.

This research project aims to identify and acknowledge the various non-pharmacological interventions and treatments for both children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. This review will highlight the non-pharmacological interventions that are discussed in current research, the significance and potential impact it has on the field of social work, and the way in which this research proposal will be conducted. ADHD is a commonly known neurodevelopmental disorder that is often seen within children and adolescents. ADHD can be treated through prescription medication, non-pharmacological interventions, or a combination of both. Research indicates that non-pharmacological treatments/interventions have shown positive side effects or outcomes within children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The data and research used for this research proposal will focus on current literature that discuss the various types of non-pharmacological interventions. In regards to the field of social work, this study will provide an insight to more holistic approach for social work practice rather than a pharmaceutical/medical one.