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Objectives: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy at East Tennessee State University is interested in using innovative teaching methods to incorporate pharmacy law concepts throughout the curriculum in a longitudinal nature. This project seeks to characterize law curricula at US institutions of pharmacy based on the following criteria: teaching methods, curricular placement and integration, and instructor credentials. Method: A survey about law curricula was sent electronically to individuals at 127 colleges of pharmacy. The survey inquired about curricular placement, amount of time dedicated to formal lecture and in-class exercises, utilization of innovative teaching techniques and instructor credentials. Results: Individuals from 95 institutions responded to the survey (74.8% response rate). Law courses are typically offered in the third year of the four year professional program (46.2%). 45.6% of course coordinators have PharmD degrees, 55.3% have BS Pharmacy degrees and 37.8% have JD degrees. On average, respondents indicated 77.6% of course time is spent on lecturing and 20.7% of time is spent on active learning. Innovative learning techniques in law courses include case-based learning, student presentations, writing assignments focused on changing specific laws, and incorporating law into a cumulative exam at the end of each semester. Many institutions have incorporated law into other courses in the curriculum, including lab courses (34.1%), pharmacotherapy courses (18.8%) and ethics courses (41.2%). Implications: Variation exists in how pharmacy law is being taught at colleges of pharmacy across the country. Whereas a majority of the material is taught through lecture, many institutions are using innovative teaching techniques for communicating the material to students. Read More: http://www.ajpe.org/doi/full/10.5688/ajpe76599

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Book Summary: This outstanding resource guide for students and young adults provides an introduction to the history of prescription drug abuse that explains how this problem has arisen and examines the social, political, economic, and health issues associated with prescription drug abuse in modern society. • Explains the dangers associated with the use of prescription drugs for nonmedical purposes • Provides a detailed introduction for readers seeking to learn about the topic of prescription drug abuse and serves as an research tool for school projects • Includes thought-provoking perspective essays from individuals involved in the discussion of how to address prescription drug abuse • Supplies primary source documents in the form of excerpts from laws, administrative rulings, and court cases regarding prescription drug abuse as well as a glossary of key terms used in discussing the topic of prescription drug abuse

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Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are groups of health care practitioners who engage in translational research and quality improvement activities, with the overarching goal of improving patient care in primary care settings. The Appalachian Research Network (AppNET), a rural primary care PBRN, was created in 2009 and comprises 17 clinics in 16 rural communities in South Central Appalachia. Nationally, only 4 of 152 PBRNs registered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) place particular emphasis on community pharmacies and pharmacists in research efforts. Researchers at ETSU seek to integrate community pharmacies into AppNET, thereby establishing a novel interprofessional rural PBRN. The objective of this study was to assess pharmacist perceptions regarding practice-based research and interest in participating in AppNET. Barriers to participation in a PBRN, perceived benefits of participation, and practice-specific characteristics were also assessed. Contact information was obtained via telephone calls made to individual pharmacies in AppNET communities. Thereafter, paper-based surveys were mailed to 69 pharmacist contacts, along with a personalized cover letter and a stamped return envelope. A total of two mailings were used to recruit pharmacists to participate in the study. A response rate of 42% was obtained. Respondents were on average 44 years of age and had been licensed as a pharmacist for an average of 19 years. A large majority of respondents (86%) were very or somewhat interested in participating in AppNET. The majority of respondents felt that time constraints and workflow interruptions were the greatest barriers to participation. One hundred percent of respondents indicated that research on prescription drug abuse, medication adherence, and medication safety are very or somewhat applicable to their practice settings. Ninety-two percent felt that research on value-added services (e.g., immunizations, diabetes education) and medication therapy management was somewhat or very applicable to their practice. Overall, pharmacist respondents in AppNET communities indicated interest in research that benefits the care of their patients and interest in AppNET. Researchers are presently conducting a third recruitment attempt and will thereafter develop AppNET enrollment mechanisms that minimize barriers to participation of community pharmacies in practice-based research.

Objectives: 1) Describe relationships between student pharmacists’ personal finance perceptions and projected post-graduation indebtedness; 2) Examine the association between personal finance perceptions, demographic characteristics, and post-PharmD career intentions. Method: Student cohorts at two colleges of pharmacy (N= 226) completed a self-administered 39-item questionnaire assessing personal finance perceptions, behaviors, student loan indebtedness, and post-PharmD career intentions. Parametric and nonparametric independent t-test and one-way ANOVA equivalents, and logistic regression techniques were used to examine differences across and relationships between study variables. Results: A 73% usable response rate was obtained. On average, students anticipate $169,323 (± $81,641) in post-graduation student loan debt and expect to pay off debt in 8.0 (± 6.4) years. Over 75% of students feel pressured to get out of debt upon graduation and 55% have a plan for debt repayment. Projected student loan debt did not differ across students who anticipate pursuing postgraduate training versus those planning to enter practice directly. However, students intending to directly enter practice were 2.6 times as likely to indicate debt influences their post-PharmD career plans compared to individuals intending to pursue postgraduate training (p=0.001). Students intending to practice in community pharmacy settings were 3.3 times as likely to indicate debt influences their post-PharmD career plans compared to individuals planning to enter all other practice settings (pImplications: Our study adds to recent literature exploring the relationship between student indebtedness and career decision-making. Further research is warranted to explore interventions that foster increased personal finance self-awareness in student pharmacists and minimize student indebtedness.