Orientador: Gladis Massini-Cagliari / Resumo: A presente Dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da possibilidade de geminação em Português Arcaico, no período conhecido como trovadoresco, de dois pontos de vista: a partir da determinação do status de grafias duplas de consoantes e vogais e a partir da análise de casos específicos de grafias simples que podem representar sons complexos (no nível fonológico). Como corpus, são consideradas 114 cantigas de amigo e de amor, extraídas de quatro fontes diferentes: Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Pergaminho Vindel e Pergaminho Sharrer. Realizou-se, primeiramente, uma investigação a respeito das relações entre letras e sons, na escrita do Português Arcaico, a partir do estabelecimento de contextos de ocorrência e variações de escrita possíveis para uma mesma palavra, ou palavras que contenham contextos de ocorrências semelhantes para um dado valor consonantal e vocálico. Em um segundo momento, os dados obtidos foram interpretados dentro da perspectiva dos modelos de Fonologia Não-Linear a respeito da sílaba, tendo em vista, principalmente, a hierarquia de constituintes proposta pelo modelo métrico (SELKIRK, 1980; HOGG; MCCULLY, 1987; HAYES, 1995; CAGLIARI, 1997; MASSINI-CAGLIARI, 1999a). Foram mapeados todos os casos de consoantes e vogais duplas na escrita e também os casos de escritas de vogais simples, mas que podem ter status de geminadas, interpretando-os, no nível fonológico. Foi feito um levantamento dos casos de sândi de vogais idênticas e dos verbos nos pretéritos perfeito e imperfeito do indicativo que apresentam vogais "suspeitas", por razões dos processos flexionais dos verbos e interpretamos fonologicamente todos os casos quanto ao seu status...(Resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This Dissertation aims to study the possibility of gemination in Medieval Portuguese, in trovadoresco period (XIIIth - XIVth centuries), from two different viewpoints: the determination of the phonological status of double spelling consonants and vowels; and the analysis of specific cases of simple spelling vowels that could possibly represent complex sounds in phonological level. The corpus is composed by 114 secular cantigas, from four different sources: Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Pergaminho Vindel and Pergaminho Sharrer. Firstly, the relations between letters and sounds in Medieval Portuguese writing system were investigated, aiming to determinate the contexts of occurrence and possible variations for the same word representation - or words that contain similar occurrences for consonantal and vocalic values. The data was interpreted from Non-Linear Phonology approach, chiefly those theories concerning the hierarchical structure of the syllable (SELKIRK, 1980; HOGG; MCCULLY, 1987; HAYES, 1995; CAGLIARI, 1997; MASSINI-CAGLIARI, 1999). All the cases of double consonants and vowels in the cantigas writing system were mapped, as well as all the cases of simple vowels that possibly represent complex sounds in phonological level. The cases of external vocalic sandhi of identical vowels and inflexion of verbs in indicative past perfect and past imperfect tenses were also taken into consideration. The analysis shows that gemination in Medieval Portuguese exists, although quantitative distinctions (long vs. short segments) have been lost, from Latin do Portuguese...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic address) / Mestre

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-126).

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 130 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-118).

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 2 recitals, recorded Oct. 5, 2006, and Apr. 1, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-50).

Bilinguals are generally adept at segregating their two competing languages and switching between them when contextually appropriate, although it has been shown that switching languages incurs a reaction time delay, or switch cost (Kolers, 1966). These switch costs are modulated by language dominance, with bilinguals evidencing greater delays when switching into their dominant language relative to their non-dominant language (e.g. Meuter & Allport, 1999). While these asymmetrical switch costs have formed the basis for theories of bilingual language separation and selection, the key factor of language context, the degree to which each language is employed in a given paradigm or conversation, has yet to be considered. In addition, previous research and subsequent theories of language selection have focused exclusively on the lexical level, yet given the distinct phonetic categories in a bilingual’s two languages (Caramazza et al., 1973), selection must also occur at the phonetic level. Addressing these gaps in the literature, this dissertation investigates the language switching costs and phonetic production of Spanish-English bilinguals in two experimental paradigms: a cued picture-naming task and an oral production task. In both studies, bilinguals (English-dominant, Spanish-dominant, and balanced bilinguals) produced language switches in varying language contexts, from monolingual to bilingual. Analyses focus on switch costs, error rates, and phonetic production, as a means to further the understanding of the language switching mechanism at the lexical and phonetic levels. Drawing on results from the two experimental paradigms, this dissertation makes several major contributions to the ongoing discussion regarding bilingual language selection. First, this study provides evidence for a gradient nature of the language switching mechanism at the lexical level. Second, it contributes an examination of the effects of language switching at the phonetic level, demonstrating asymmetrical phonetic transfer. And third, parallels are drawn between the underlying effects of language switching and the phonetic realizations produced in connected speech. Implications are considered for theories of bilingual language selection, and a gradient account of the Inhibitory Control Model (Green, 1986) is proposed at both the lexical and phonetic levels. / text

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The study investigated relative roles of production and perception mechanisms in early speech acquisition in Korean. Previous studies investigating this issue have been based on Indo-European languages. Data from a non Indo-European language such as Korean, which has different phonemes from English, can confirm the presence of universal production patterns as well as potential perceptual influences from the ambient language. Speech of six Korean-learning infants (KI) was studied longitudinally (8-24 months). These data were compared with English-learning infant (EI) data for the babbling period as well as with Korean infant-directed speech (IDS). In addition, IDS was compared with Korean adult-directed speech (ADS) to explore whether the two types of speech styles show similar characteristics in Korean. Similar patterns for segments and utterances were found between KI and EI, supporting the assertion that early infant speech is primarily based on production system factors. However, KI showed more frequent language specific consonants such as fortis and long medial consonants as well as low central vowels and VCV utterances than EI, indicating that characteristics of the Korean language also influenced the speech patterns of KI. IDS was found to be different from ADS in most aspects, while being similar to KI infant speech, suggesting that Korean IDS may be adjusted to the needs of infant learners. Inter-syllabic patterns were observed in all speech types, supporting the claim that they are fundamental aspects of the production system. However, intra-syllabic patterns were only present in both groups of infants’ babbling, suggesting that this aspect of frame dominance is strongly present in infants’ pre-speech babbling, but may not be predominant in adult languages. Intra-syllabic patterns in infants’ words could be also influenced by the ambient language patterns. Results of this study suggest that infants’ early speech is primarily determined by production factors, but their production patterns are influenced by the characteristics of their ambient language in some aspects during babbling. IDS may facilitate infant acquisition by producing input that is matched to the infant production system and is also perceptually distinctive. / text

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