Germination of mung bean, Phaseolus mungo L. , and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., seeds was used for bioassay to demonstrate the toxic effects of selected pesticides--menazon, disulfoton, and GS-14254-- and allergens-- alantolactone and usnic acid. The ability of gibberellic acid to counteract the toxic effects of these chemicals on germination and seedling growth was studied. Chemical composition of the treated and untreated seeds was made with special attention to starch and protein degradation. Effect of these toxicants on the synthesis of amylase, ATPase, and protease enzymes during germination was studied since these enzymes are synthesized de novo during germination. To ascertain their effect on protein synthesis in storage tissue of the germinating seeds, uptake and incorporation of 14C-L-leucine into protein was studied in potato tuber slices and germinating mung beans. Correlation of biochemical data and histochemical changes in the treated and untreated seeds of mung bean was obtained with menazon and usnic acid. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes were studied in order to relate functional and structural changes in the seeds .in conjunction with phytotoxic actions of these chemicals. Among the insecticides, menazon (250 ppm) was found to be more toxic to both species than was disulfoton. GS-14254 (100 ppm) also was equally inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean and wheat seeds. When a solution of the herbicide GS-14254 (100 ppm) was added to either of the insecticides at their maximum concentrations the inhibitory effect of the combined pesticides on seed germination and seedling growth was more pronounced, especially with wheat. Usnic acid (50 to 250 mg/1) and alantolactone (100 mg/1) significantly inhibited germination and root and shoot growth in both mung bean and wheat seeds. These two compounds appeared to be more phytotoxic than the pesticides. Gibberellic acid partially counteracted the inhibitory effects of the pesticides and allergens, thus these chemicals showed no antiauxin activity. Before any growth is observed there is a marked increase in respiration during germination that releases energy from food materials already present in usable form in the cells. At their maximum concentrations, menazon, disulfoton, GS-14254, alantolactone, and usnic acid significantly blocked the respiration of the germinating seeds at the end of 72 h after treatment. In all cases except alantolactone respiration of wheat seeds was considerably more affected than that of the mung beans. Compared to control seeds, pesticide chemicals as well as allergenic compounds caused significant reduction in the amounts of soluble reducing sugars and free amino acids after 72 h germination period. Similarly, starch degradation was less in the treated seeds. Among the species of seeds, considerably less amounts of reducing sugars and amino acids were formed in the pesticide-treated wheat seeds than in the mung beans as compared to their respective controls. Such differences in the inhibitory effects were not observed in seeds treated with allergenic compounds. The development of amylase and ATPase activity in the seeds treated with maximum concentrations of pesticides tended to be lower than that in the control seeds. In case of menazon, inhibition of amylase activity was more pronounced than that of disulfoton or GS-14254. Proteoiytic activity in control and disulfoton- and menazon-treated seeds was not significantly different during germination period, but in case of GS-14254, it was considerably lower. Usnic acid at highest concentration tested completely inhibited the development of amylase activity in mung beans whereas it was significantly lower in seeds treated with the maximum concentration of alantolactone. The inhibition of amylase activity in wheat seeds treated with these compounds was more or less similar. ATPase inhibition in seeds treated with usnic acid was more severe than that in alantolactone treated seeds. However, proteolytic activity in control and treated seeds showed almost the same trend during the germination period. The activity per se of amylase isolated from mung bean and wheat seeds germinated for 3 days was not significantly inhibited by the presence of the pesticides or allergens in the reaction mixture indicating that these chemicals do not inhibit already synthesized amylase enzyme. Observations with potato tissue and germinating mung beans indicated that both total uptake and incorporation of 14c-L-leucine into protein were significantly inhibited by menazon, disulfoton, GS-14254, and alantolactone. On the other hand, the uptake in germinating mung bean treated with usnic acid was not affected although both uptake and incorporation were inhibited in potato tissue. Menazon and usnic acid were then selected as the representative chemicals for pesticides and allergens, respectively, and their toxic effects were studied histochemically in 3-day germinating mung beans. It was observed that total nucleic acid content and RNA content in seeds treated with these chemicals were considerably less than that in the control seeds. Similarly, treated seeds showed more starch grains and protein bodies indicating less metabolic activity in these seeds. At the ultrastructural level, menazon- or usnic acid-treated mung bean cotyledons at day 3 of germination contained no vacuoles but many undigested protein bodies were observed. In contrast, fully developed mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, and vacuoles were seen in control cells indicating protein (enzyme) synthesis and digestion of the food reserves.

The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemistry of two species Sanicula europaea and Teucrium davaeanum which are traditionally used in treatment of wounds. Four compounds were isolated from the 80% methanolic extract of S. europaea; bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (1), palmitic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), saniculoside N (4). Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this species. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements. Two compounds were isolated from the crude glycosides extract of T.davaeanum; 6 is a phenylethanoid glycoside and 8 is an iridoid glycoside, from the data available these may be new compounds for which the names davaeanuside A and davaeanuside B are proposed respectively." The total polyphenol content of S. europaea L, T. davaeanum leaves-flowers and T. davaeanum stem were found to be 5.0, 1.20 and 0.65 mg per 100 mg dried plant material respectively. A study of the antioxidant activity of the 50 % ethanol extracts of S. europaea and T. davaeanum showed that on a mg/mg basis S. europaea and T. davaeanum have approximately 5%, 8 % antioxidant capacity of Trolox respectively. A study of the cytotoxic activity of davaeanuside A (6), iridoid glycoside (7), davaeanuside B (8) and saponin compound (10) isolated from the crude glycosides extract of T. davaeanum revealed that saponin compound (10) inhibited the growth of Hela cells by 50 % at 50 μg/ml, P< 0.001, but the other compounds did not show activities against the tested cell lines at 100 μg/ml. The results of this work provide some basis for the traditional use of these species in the treatment of wounds. / Ministry of high education in Libya

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina Hara, is a foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). FLS has re-emerged as an important disease due to the widespread QoI-resistant fungal population in Mississippi. Growers have transitioned from a stand-alone QoI fungicide to a multi-mode of action fungicide. One disadvantage of certain MOA’s is phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity is a concern among soybean growers as to whether or not yield is lost. Disease, phytotoxicity, green stem, yield, plant morphology, and grain quality were analyzed to determine the impacts of fungicide phytotoxicity. Yield was significantly and negatively correlated as a result of phytotoxicity. Numerical differences in phytotoxicity severity were observed among all cultivars. Phytotoxicity severity were greatest in the Hornbeck 4950 LL with an average of 26.9%. Tank-mixing dodine with Manniplex B Moly, Megafol, and Veritas decreased phytotoxicity by 8.5, 2.7, 11.4% compared to dodine as a stand-alone treatment, respectively.

No description available.

As soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) são colhidas anualmente, momento em que são expostas a uma grande interferência negativa interespecífica das plantas daninhas, sendo essencial o manejo destas plantas para obtenção de uma produtivade economicamente rentável da cultura. Comumente este controle é feito com a aplicação de herbicidas residuais em condições de pré ou pós-plantio através da recomendação de acordo com a infestação local. Apesar da existência de várias opções de controle químico de plantas daninhas em pré-emergência na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, novas opções de formulaçõoes de herbicidas são necessárias. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar uma nova associação de moléculas, imazapic e imazapyr, para o controle das plantas daninhas em cana-de-açúcar, através da avaliação da influência de parâmetros de solo e culturais, na eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas e seletividade para a cultura. Para este propóstito foram conduzidos experimentos em condições de campo e casa de vegetação. Em condições de campo, em agosto de 2012 foram instalados experimentos em áreas de solos arenoso e argiloso com e sem palhada, para avaliação da eficácia da associação de imazapic e imazapyr no controle de plantas daninhas e da seletividade à cultura, no qual as menores doses testadas de (imazapic + imazapyr), em todas as situações continuaram eficientes no controle da comunidade infestante até 120 dias após a aplicação, equiparando estatisticamente aos tratamentos com maiores doses, aos tratamentos associados ao tebuthiuron e aos padrões, com a ausência de sintomas fitotóxicos nas variedades. Para avaliação da fitotoxidade foram instalados três experimentos durante o mês de novembro de 2012 sobre soqueira de 2º corte, nos quais foram feitas aplicações do (imazapic + imazapyr) isolado e associados a outros herbicidas nos estádios de pré-emergência total, pós-inicial e pós-tardia da cultura, sendo possível observar a seletividade quando aplicada a dose (80,25 + 26,25 g imazapic + imazapyr ha-1) na modalidade de pré-emergência, como também quando associada ao tebuthiuron, metribuzin e clomazone. Foram realizados estudos em casa de vegetação para avaliação de características do herbicida quanto à capacidade de lixiviação pela palha em relação à precipitação, quanto ao período residual durante época seca, quanto à lixiviação do herbicida da superfície às diferentes camadas de solo, e quanto ao controle de espécies daninhas em diferentes texturas de solo. Volumes de 10 e 20 mm de água foram suficientes para promover a transposição do herbicida sobre a camada de palha em solo argiloso e médio-arenoso, respectivamente, apresentando atividade do (imazapic + imazapyr) no controle do bioindicador mesmo após 120 dias sem irrigação após a aplicação do herbicida, quando aplicado sobre a palha ou sobre o solo. A presença do herbicida foi observada até a camada 10-20 cm de profundidade, pelos índices de controle do bioindicador resultantes da lixiviação, e do efeito residual em solo arenoso e argiloso aos 75 e 90 dias após a aplicação, sendo de um modo geral as associações (imazapic + imazapyr) + clomazone e (imazapic + imazapyr) + tebuthiuron foram as mais eficientes no controle das espécies daninhas estudadas. / The weed management is essential in sugarcane crop. After the harvest, sugarcane ratoons are exposed to interspecific weed competition, and its control usually is done with residual herbicides in pre or post-planting according to the local infestation. Although there are several options for weed chemical control inn sugar cane, new options of formulations are needed. Thus, this research aimed to study the imazapic and imazapyr association through the evaluation of soil parameters influence, the efficacy of weed control and selectivity for the sugar cane. For this purpose field and greenhouse experiments were conducted. In August 2012, field experiments were conducted in sandy and clay soils areas, with and without crop residues to evaluate the effectiveness of imazapic + imazapyr on weed control and selectivity to sugarcane, in which the lower doses tested of imazapic + imazapyr were enough to control the weeds until 120 day after application equating to higher doses in association to tebuthiuron and standard treatments, without phytotoxic symptons in the studied varieties. To evaluate the phytotoxicity, three experiments were installed in november 2012 on second ratoon, Imazapic + imazapyr was selective when applied at 80.25 + 26.25 g ha-1 in pre-emergence, as well as associated with tebuthiuron, metribuzin and clomazone. In early post-emergence, selectivity was noted when applied at 80.25 + 26.25 g imazapic + imazapyr ha-1, as by the association of this rate with the herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole. However, the application in late post-emergence proved to be non-selective for any use of the association of the herbicides imazapic + imazapyr. Other studies were conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the the herbicide association ability to leach the straw in relation to rainfall volume, the residual period during the dry season, the herbicide leaching from the surface into different layers of soil as the weed species control in different soil textures. Simulated rainfall volumes from 10 to 20 mm were sufficient to promote herbicide transposition through the straw to clay and mediumsandy soil, respectively. Imazapic + imazapyr effects on bio-indicator showed that even after 120 days of drought conditions after application, when applied on straw or to the soil. Imazapic + imazapyr were able to leach in the sandy and clay soils up to 10-20 cm deep layer, and residual effect at 75 and 90 days after application in sandy and clay soil. Generally, better weed control levels were obtained by the association of imazapic, imazapyr and clomazone, and imazapic, imazapyr and tebuthiuron.

Os benefícios advindos da tecnologia Roundup Ready são expressivos, e a aceitação desta tecnologia pelos produtores rurais é inegável, dando suporte para o rápido crescimento das áreas da soja RR. Mas ao mesmo tempo resultados de pesquisas recentes indicam que o glyphosate aplicado em pós-emergência, em soja RR, pode em algumas situações, além de gerar efeitos fitotóxicos, influenciar o balanço nutricional, afetar a fotossíntese, a rizosfera, o acúmulo de biomassa, a síntese de aminoácidos e compostos secundários, a eficiência no uso da água, e ainda a qualidade das sementes produzidas. Porém, persistem muitas especulações e dúvidas que precisam ser melhores elucidadas, no âmbito científico e técnico, envolvendo a questão da soja transgênica (RR). Em virtude deste fato faz-se necessária a busca de informações que permitam diagnosticar as reais consequências do uso do glyphosate. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto da aplicação de diferentes doses, manejos e formulações de glyphosate, na soja RR, em distintos ambientes de produção. Para isso foram conduzidos dois experimentos principais, em duas safras, em diferentes locais, e alguns experimentos complementares. Foi utilizado, na maioria dos experimentos, arranjo fatorial 2X2X5 (formulações X manejos X doses), totalizando 20 tratamentos. Nestes ensaios foram avaliadas diversas variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho agronômico. Os resultados alcançados permitiram caracterizar alguns problemas referentes ao uso de glyphosate em pós-emergência, na cultura da soja RR, identificando que altas doses são nocivas ao desempenho das plantas e produtividade. A partir dos resultados obtidos, espera-se fomentar um posicionamento mais seguro e sustentável desta tecnologia, possibilitando a diminuição de possíveis efeitos deletérios do glyphosate sobre a cultura da soja RR. / The benefits of the Roundup Ready technology are expressive and the acceptance of this technology by farmers is undeniable, giving support to the rapid growth of RR soybean crops. Recent studies indicate, however, that glyphosate applied in post-emergence in RR soybean can eventually cause phytotoxic effects, as well as influence the plant nutritional balance, affecting photosynthesis, the rhizosphere, biomass accumulation, amino acid synthesis and secondary compounds, water use efficiency, and the quality of seeds produced. Therefore, there are many speculations and questions that need to be clarified in the scientific and technical context, involving the issue of RR soybeans regarding the use of glyphosate. Thus, it is necessary the search for information allowing to diagnose the real consequences of its use. This study evaluated the impact of the application of different doses, management procedures and formulations of glyphosate, in RR soybean, in different production environments. For that purposes, were conducted two major experiments, in different harvests, in different locations, and some additional experiments. Were used a factorial design 2X2X5 (formulations X management X doses) totaling 20 treatments. Were evaluated several variables related to the agronomic performance. The results allowed to characterize some problems regarding the glyphosate use in post-emergence in RR soybeans, identifying that high doses are harmful to the plant performance and productivity. The results allow a better understanding and a more secure positioning of this technology, enabling the reduction of possible deleterious effects of glyphosate on RR soybeans.

The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemistry of two species Sanicula europaea and Teucrium davaeanum which are traditionally used in treatment of wounds. Four compounds were isolated from the 80% methanolic extract of S. europaea; bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (1), palmitic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), saniculoside N (4). Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this species. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements. Two compounds were isolated from the crude glycosides extract of T.davaeanum; 6 is a phenylethanoid glycoside and 8 is an iridoid glycoside, from the data available these may be new compounds for which the names davaeanuside A and davaeanuside B are proposed respectively." The total polyphenol content of S. europaea L, T. davaeanum leaves-flowers and T. davaeanum stem were found to be 5.0, 1.20 and 0.65 mg per 100 mg dried plant material respectively. A study of the antioxidant activity of the 50 % ethanol extracts of S. europaea and T. davaeanum showed that on a mg/mg basis S. europaea and T. davaeanum have approximately 5%, 8 % antioxidant capacity of Trolox respectively. A study of the cytotoxic activity of davaeanuside A (6), iridoid glycoside (7), davaeanuside B (8) and saponin compound (10) isolated from the crude glycosides extract of T. davaeanum revealed that saponin compound (10) inhibited the growth of Hela cells by 50 % at 50 μg/ml, P< 0.001, but the other compounds did not show activities against the tested cell lines at 100 μg/ml. The results of this work provide some basis for the traditional use of these species in the treatment of wounds.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_mg_dr_jabo.pdf: 575183 bytes, checksum: c078d7148dcec00acf084e11bfb365c2 (MD5) / O uso do lodo de esgoto (LE) com finalidade agronômica e/ou condicionador é uma das alternativas ambientalmente e economicamente atraente, quando comparadas a outros destinos (incineração, aterro sanitário, etc.). As substâncias inorgânicas potencialmente tóxicas contidas no LE são uma das maiores preocupações ao meio ambiente e à cadeia trófica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores e o efeito cumulativo dos elementos As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se e Zn, em dois latossolos vermelhos (um eutroférrico – LVef, e um distrófico – LVd) e plantas de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivadas nos mesmos após a aplicação de LE por treze anos ininterruptos. Em condições de campo e delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, cada solo recebeu quatro tratamentos (0; 5; 10 e 20 t de LE ha1) com cinco repetições. Amostras dos insumos agrícolas aplicados na cultura do milho, LE, solos, materiais vegetais e materiais de referência certificados foram digeridas em forno de micro-ondas (método 3051A), e os analitos foram quantificados por ICP-OES. Após 13 aplicações anuais sucessivas de LE no LVef e LVd, os maiores teores dos ETs foram encontrados no LVef e ainda não atingiram o valor de investigação (VI) agrícola (mais restritivo) da resolução 420 do CONAMA. Persistindo a atual taxa de aplicação de LE e teores médios de ET incorporados aos solos, é de se esperar que o Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni e Zn serão os primeiros elementos a atingir o VI no LVef. Para o LVd, o primeiro elemento a atingir o VI é o Cr somente. Os teores de ET encontrados nos insumos agrícolas não devem causar impacto ambiental imediato. Os ETs não proporcionaram fitotoxidade ou contaminação nas partes aéreas, folhas para diagnose e grãos das plantas de milho / The use of sewage sludge (SS) as agronomic and/or soil conditioner purposes presents a correct environmental and economically attractive alternative when compared to other disposal methods as incineration and landfills. The potentially toxic inorganic substances contained in SS is a major concern for the environment and food chain. This work aimed evaluate the content and the cumulative effect of the Trace Elements (TE) As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in two different soils: an Eutroferric Clayed Red Latosol (Typic Eutrorthox – “E”) and a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox – “H”) and with maize plants (Zea mays L.) growth after fertilize the soil with SS for thirteen years continuously. Under field conditions and under a randomized blocks experimental design each soil received four treatments (0, 5, 10, and 20 t of SS ha-1) with five replications. Fertilizers, SS, soils, vegetal materials, and the reference material were digested in microwave oven (method 3051A) and the analytes were quantified by ICP-OES. After thirteen years fertilizing the soil with SS in the soils “E” and “H”, the higher amounts were found in the “E” and these amounts did not reach the agricultural investigation value (more restrictive) yet. Persisting the actual fertilization rate of SS and an average amount of TE incorporated in the soil, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn will be probably the firsts elements to reach the agricultural investigation value in the “E”. To “H”, the first element to reach this value will be probably Cr. The TE found in the fertilizers should not cause immediate environmental impact. The TE did not provide neither phytotoxicity nor contamination in the maize aerial part, diagnose leaf, and grains

Orientador: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Coorientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta / Banca: Sérgio Luís de Carvalho / Banca: Claudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz / Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou a seletividade do herbicida oxyfluorfen às plantas ornamentais tagetes (Tagetes erecta L.) e cravina (Dianthus chinensis L.). O experimento foi instalado no Viveiro Experimental (Horto) pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, campus de Jaboticabal-SP e conduzido no período de outubro a dezembro de 2010. Foram utilizadas mudas comerciais de tagetes e cravina em início de florescimento. A aplicação do herbicida foi realizada com pulverizador costal pressurizado sobre as plantas ornamentais. No momento da aplicação, a temperatura era de 32,2oC, umidade relativa (UR) do ar de 55%, ausência de ventos e nebulosidade em torno de 80%. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, seis plantas por repetição, com amostras destrutivas de uma planta por repetição por semana. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo oxyfluorfen nas doses 120, 240, 360, 480 g.ha-1 e uma testemunha. Foram feitas avaliações visuais dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade utilizando-se a escala adaptada desenvolvida pela EWRC (1964), bem como avaliações sobre o número de botões florais, flores abertas, comprimento da parte aérea e sistema radicular, em quatro amostras por tratamento por semana. As amostras foram colocadas em estufa (70oC) até atingir massa constante. Todas essas avaliações foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação (DAA). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à aplicação do teste F na análise de variância para efeito de tratamentos, utilizando o teste de Tukey para comparação de médias a 5% de probabilidade. Nas condições em que o experimento foi desenvolvido, as doses utilizadas do herbicida oxyfluorfen se mostraram pouco fitotóxicos à cravina. Apesar de sofrer algumas alterações na coloração das folhas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work evaluated the selectivity of the herbicide oxyfluorfen ornamental plants tagetes (Tagetes erecta L.) and cravina (Dianthus chinensis L.). The experiment was installed in the Experimental Nursery (Garden) at the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal-SP and carried out from October to December 2010. Seedlings were used for commercial tagetes and cravina at the beginning of flowering. The application of the herbicide was carried out by spraying pressurized, on ornamental plants. The application was done at the temperature of 32,2oC, relative humidity of 55%, no wind and cloud cover around 80%. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications, six plants per replicate, having a destructive plant samples by repeating a week. The treatments consisted of oxyfluorfen at doses of 120; 240; 360; 480 g.ha-1 and a control. Visual symptoms of phytotoxicity were assessed using the modified scale developed by EWRC (1964). Evaluations of the number of flower buds, open flowers, length of shoot and root in four samples per treatment per week were also performed. The samples were placed in an oven (70°C) until constant weight. All these evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA). The results were submitted to the application of the F test in analysis of variance for statically treatment using the Tukey test to compare means at 5% probability. Under the experimental conditions, the doses of the herbicide oxyfluorfen, were not phytotoxic to cravina. Despite undergoing some changes in color of the leaves, they did not compromise significantly the aesthetic effects of plants, in which case, considered selective for these plants. For the tagetes, the herbicide caused high phytotoxicity compromising plants development and especially its aesthetic effect which would not allow the use of this product as being selective to these / Mestre

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-20T11:02:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aline de Souza Silva Cunha - 2018.pdf: 1062185 bytes, checksum: 7795471b2795e517792143e4b1509777 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-20T11:04:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aline de Souza Silva Cunha - 2018.pdf: 1062185 bytes, checksum: 7795471b2795e517792143e4b1509777 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T11:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aline de Souza Silva Cunha - 2018.pdf: 1062185 bytes, checksum: 7795471b2795e517792143e4b1509777 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The aim was to evaluate the protective effect of dietholate on selectivity of clomazone herbicide in forage grasses (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and cv. Massai). The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, and the treatments were arranged in a 5 X 3 factorial scheme with, 4 repetitions. The first factor corresponded to safener doses applied to the seeds (0, 600, 1200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and the second factor corresponded to the clomazone herbicide doses (0,720 and 1440 g i.a ha-1). It was evaluated the following aspects: visual injury levels within 7, 14 and 28 days after emergency (DAE), tiller number and volumetric density of dry matter (VDDM). Dietholate provides protection to the phytotoxic effects of clomazone herbicide on the species Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola and Urochloa ruziziensis, at doses of 600, 1.200 and 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds. The utilization of safener on the species Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Massai shows protective activity specially at doses of 600 and 1.200 100 kg-1 of seeds. The results for injury on the plants indicate significant importance of dietholate as seed safener, for the use of clomazone herbicide on pasture areas. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito protetor do dietholate na seletividade do herbicida clomazone em gramíneas forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Massai e Mombaça). O delineamento experimental foi estabelecido em blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu às doses do protetor aplicadas às sementes (0, 600, 1,200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg de sementes-1) e o segundo fator correspondeu às doses do herbicida clomazone a 0, 720 e 1440 g i.a. ha-1. Foram avaliados níveis de injúria visual aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), número de perfilhos e densidade volumétrica de matéria seca (DVMS). O dietholate apresenta proteção aos efeitos fitotóxicos do herbicida clomazone sobre as espécies Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola e Urochloa ruziziensis nas doses de 600, 1.200 e 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Para as espécies Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Massai a utilização do safener exibe atividade protetora principalmente nas doses de 600 e 1.200 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Os resultados de injúria sobre as plantas indicam importância significativa do dietholate como protetor de sementes, para o uso do herbicida clomazone em áreas de pastagens.