Thesis (MA(Information Science))-University of Pretoria,2007. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Dombrose and Slobin's Picture Titles Test was administered to 100 male and 85 female university students ranging in age from 19 to 22 years. The results were examined for different impulse, ego, and superego pattern between males and females, and amongst the age groups. The results were also tested for the possibility of a response bias in the pictures. The Picture Titles Test results did not show differential response on sex or age at a significant level. The Picture Titles Test was found to have a response bias in the content of its pictures. All subjects regardless of sex or age responded in favour of one of the variables for each of the pictures. The response bias precluded the possibility of obtaining sex differences and interfered with the projection of the inner personality of the subject. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The main purpose of this study was to modify Dombrose and Slobin's Picture Titles Test so that it could be scored objectively. The test was used for measuring impulse, ego, and superego sex differences and for comparing age group differences of both sexes, on their impulse, ego, and superego responses. The possibility of bias in the subjects’ responses was also investigated. The modification of the Picture Titles Test involved the construction of a multiple-choice answer sheet which required the subjects simply to check off their responses. The test was then administered as a group test to a second year psychology class at the University of British Columbia, of which ninety females and one hundred and thirty-seven males, ranging in age from eighteen to twenty-two, remained for the statistical analysis. Twelve hypotheses were set up concerning sex differences and age group differences, and both the Chi-square and t test were used for testing the hypotheses. The hypotheses had to be supported at the .05 level of confidence in order to be confirmed. The results indicated that the objectively scored Picture Titles Test is a useful instrument for differentiating males and females and between age groups as there were four significant differences found, out of a possible nine, for the male and female comparisons and three, out of a possible six, for the age group comparisons. Only one of the significant differences for the age group comparisons was in the predicted direction, however, so the age difference hypotheses were not considered to be verified. There were three significant differences in the predicted direction for the male and female comparisons, but the results were so inconsistent for the different age groups of males and females compared that the hypotheses concerning the expected sex differences were also not considered to be confirmed. In addition, it was found that subjects within each age and sex group responded to the majority of pictures in the same way, and, consequently, it was concluded that there is bias probably both in the content of the pictures and the blocks of titles. In general, it was felt that the objectively scored Picture Titles Test is an improvement over the original subjectively scored version and that the modified Picture Titles Test has good potential as an instrument for measuring impulse, ego and superego sex and age differences. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur två målgrupper tolkar Vings visuella kommunikation med hjälp av två bilder ur deras annonsering för att sedan jämföra detta mellan de två grupperna samt Vings intention med kommunikationen.  För att besvara detta syfte har vi utformat följande forskningsfrågor: Vad vill resebolaget förmedla med sina bilder i sin annonsering? Vilka skillnader och likheter finns det i målgruppers tolkning av resebilder? På vilka sätt stämmer sändarens intention med bilderna överens med mottagarnas uppfattning och tolkning av dessa? Vi har valt att utföra en kvalitativ fallstudie med en induktiv ansats. Valet föll på denna undersökningsmetod då vi ville inbringa förståelse för vårt problem. Vårt empiriska material är insamlat med hjälp av åtta personliga intervjuer med två målgrupper samt en telefonintervju med Ving för att få information om bilderna som använts i undersökningen. Vi har kommit fram till att resebolaget Ving vill förmedla följande budskap med sina bilder i sin annonsering: kunden ska besöka deras hemsida, kvinnor ska framställas som starka och med respekt, de vill förmedla känslor av avkoppling, lugn, harmoni och semesterkänsla samt differentiera sig på marknaden. Skillnader i målgruppernas tolkning har vi kommit fram till att vara följande: åsikter kring svartvita resebilder, förmågan att urskilja fler komponenter och den manliga modellens framställning. Likheterna är istället: den kvinnliga modellens framställning, sexanspelningar samt emotioner. Slutligen har vi identifierat på vilka sätt Vings intention med annonsbilderna stämmer överens med mottagarnas tolkning av dessa. Vings budskap med hemsidan, framställning av kvinnor och de känslor som upplevs är de som delvis uppfattas av målgrupperna. Dock lyckas Ving inte nå fram fullt ut med deras differentiering och konsekventa kommunikation. / The purpose of this case study has been to examine how two target groups interpret the visual communication of the Swedish travel company Ving by choosing two pictures from their advertising, for the ability to compare the result between the two groups and also Vings intention with the communication. To be able to answer this purpose, we have created following three research questions: What does the travel company want to convey with their pictures in their advertising? Which differences and similarities are there between target groups interpretation of travel pictures? In what ways does the senders’ intention with the pictures correlate with the receiver’s perception and interpretation of them? We have used a qualitative methodology with an inductive approach in this study. For the empirical material we have conducted eight personal interviews with women representing two different target groups, couples and parents. We have also had a telephone interview with the marketing manager of Ving Sweden to collect information about the pictures used in this study. Our conclusions are that the travel company Ving wants to convey the following messages to their customers with their pictures in their advertising: visit the company´s website, portrait women as strong and with respect, convey feelings of relaxation, calmness, harmony and holiday feeling. Finally they want to differentiate themselves on the market. The differences in the target groups´ interpretations of the pictures are: different views of black and white travel pictures, the ability to distinguish more components and the male models portrayal. The similarities between the target groups´ interpretations are; the portrayal of the female model, references to sex and also emotions. Finally we have identified that Ving´s intention with the pictures correlate in some aspects to the target groups´ perceptions and interpretations of them: visit the company´s website, portrayal of women and the feeling of the same emotions. However, the intention with the differentiation and consistent communication do not reach the target groups.

Resumo: Este trabalho, tendo o objetivo principal de estudar as agressões antrópicas a uma bacia experimental da Represa de Jurumirim, região de importância agrícola para o Estado de São Paulo, foi dividido em três fases. A primeira fase objetivou reconhecer as mudanças temporais significativas no uso do solo entre os anos de 1965 a 1999. Na segunda fase procurou-se realizar uma análise comparativa, através de matrizes de erro, entre os resultados da interpretação visual e os obtidos através de várias técnicas da classificação digital não-supervisionada, visando selecionar a melhor técnica de tratamento de dados digitais. Na terceira fase objetivou-se delimitar a mata ciliar que deveria existir às margens dos rios, correspondente a Legislação Florestal, e comparar com a que é encontrada na área atualmente. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do satélite Landsat no formato digital. Além destes dados, foram empregadas cartas planialtimétricas, confeccionadas a partir de fotografias aéreas de 1965, para a elaboração do mapa de ocupação do solo da bacia, bem como para a obtenção dos dados da rede de drenagem e registro da imagem. Os mapas de ocupação do solo obtidos a partir da interpretação visual e aqueles obtidos pela classificação não-supervisionada, além do mapa da mata ciliar, foram elaborados através do sistema de informação geográfica SPRING. De acordo com os resultados obtidos na pesquisa, chegou-se às seguintes conclusões: - o uso do solo na Bacia em 1999, pelo processo de interpretação visual, mostrou que todas as classes de ocupação do solo apresentaram mudanças significativas de áreas em relação aos dados de 1965, onde as áreas com água, campo, cerrado e culturas anuais sofreram redução em detrimento ao aumento de áreas com cultura perene, semiperene, pastagem, loteamento, várzea e mata;... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the human induced impacts in an experimental watershed of the Jurumirim Reservoir. The watershed is located in an important agricultural region ofthe São Paulo State. The study was conducted in three clistinct phases. During the first phase, the main temporal changes in the land use, in the period between 1965 and 1999, were recognized. In the second phase, it was conducted a comparative analysis by means of error matrixes between the visual interpretation results and those obtained from several techniques through unsupervised digital image processing. This procedure was employed in order to select the most suitable technique for image classification in the study area. The third step comprised the identification of the areas along the streams that should be untouched to protect riparian forests, according to the Forestry Code. Those areas were compared to the actual riparian forests. The database encompassed Landsat imagery data and topographic maps based on aeriai photographs from 1965, which allowed obtaining iand use, hydrographic data and image register. Land use map through visual interpretation and that obtained through unsupervised classification and, riparian forest map were eiaborated through SPRING Geographical Information System. The obtained results ailowed concluding that: - ali land use classes on the watershed in 1999, obtained through visual interpretation, presented significant changes in arca in reiation to data from 1965. Areas of water, field, typical savanna and annuai cultures were reduced in favor of increasing in perenniai and semi-perenniai cultures, pasture, parceis, wetiand and forest; - the performance of unsupervised classification techniques was very similar. Uowever, according to decision mie proposed by Landis & Koch (1977), ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Coorientador: Maurício Alves Moreira / Banca: Lincoln Gehring Cardoso / Banca: Bernardo Friedrich T. Rudorff / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-02-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dainese_rc_me_botfca.pdf: 2598871 bytes, checksum: fdb38408c37f15c97097220db5a53059 (MD5) / Este trabalho, tendo o objetivo principal de estudar as agressões antrópicas a uma bacia experimental da Represa de Jurumirim, região de importância agrícola para o Estado de São Paulo, foi dividido em três fases. A primeira fase objetivou reconhecer as mudanças temporais significativas no uso do solo entre os anos de 1965 a 1999. Na segunda fase procurou-se realizar uma análise comparativa, através de matrizes de erro, entre os resultados da interpretação visual e os obtidos através de várias técnicas da classificação digital não-supervisionada, visando selecionar a melhor técnica de tratamento de dados digitais. Na terceira fase objetivou-se delimitar a mata ciliar que deveria existir às margens dos rios, correspondente a Legislação Florestal, e comparar com a que é encontrada na área atualmente. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do satélite Landsat no formato digital. Além destes dados, foram empregadas cartas planialtimétricas, confeccionadas a partir de fotografias aéreas de 1965, para a elaboração do mapa de ocupação do solo da bacia, bem como para a obtenção dos dados da rede de drenagem e registro da imagem. Os mapas de ocupação do solo obtidos a partir da interpretação visual e aqueles obtidos pela classificação não-supervisionada, além do mapa da mata ciliar, foram elaborados através do sistema de informação geográfica SPRING. De acordo com os resultados obtidos na pesquisa, chegou-se às seguintes conclusões: - o uso do solo na Bacia em 1999, pelo processo de interpretação visual, mostrou que todas as classes de ocupação do solo apresentaram mudanças significativas de áreas em relação aos dados de 1965, onde as áreas com água, campo, cerrado e culturas anuais sofreram redução em detrimento ao aumento de áreas com cultura perene, semiperene, pastagem, loteamento, várzea e mata;... / This study aimed to analyze the human induced impacts in an experimental watershed of the Jurumirim Reservoir. The watershed is located in an important agricultural region ofthe São Paulo State. The study was conducted in three clistinct phases. During the first phase, the main temporal changes in the land use, in the period between 1965 and 1999, were recognized. In the second phase, it was conducted a comparative analysis by means of error matrixes between the visual interpretation results and those obtained from several techniques through unsupervised digital image processing. This procedure was employed in order to select the most suitable technique for image classification in the study area. The third step comprised the identification of the areas along the streams that should be untouched to protect riparian forests, according to the Forestry Code. Those areas were compared to the actual riparian forests. The database encompassed Landsat imagery data and topographic maps based on aeriai photographs from 1965, which allowed obtaining iand use, hydrographic data and image register. Land use map through visual interpretation and that obtained through unsupervised classification and, riparian forest map were eiaborated through SPRING Geographical Information System. The obtained results ailowed concluding that: - ali land use classes on the watershed in 1999, obtained through visual interpretation, presented significant changes in arca in reiation to data from 1965. Areas of water, field, typical savanna and annuai cultures were reduced in favor of increasing in perenniai and semi-perenniai cultures, pasture, parceis, wetiand and forest; - the performance of unsupervised classification techniques was very similar. Uowever, according to decision mie proposed by Landis & Koch (1977), ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)