Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:47:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ma_dr_ilha.pdf: 1890302 bytes, checksum: bef84d438d9bf156cb579169a5364cf3 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho propõe duas novas metodologias para identificação de danos estruturais aplicados aos sistemas de monitoramento de integridade estrutural. Essas metodologias utilizam somente os sinais de respostas dos transdutores piezelétricos colados na estrutura a ser monitorada. A primeira utiliza o princípio da impedância eletromecânica, sem necessidade de cálculo da resposta em frequência, nem da EMI, pois a análise é realizada a partir dos sinais de resposta dos PZT diretamente no domínio do tempo. Nessa metodologia, transdutores do tipo PZT são colados à estrutura a ser monitorada enquanto um sinal de excitação em uma faixa de frequência apropriada excita o conjunto PZT/estrutura. Um mesmo PZT é usado tanto para excitar a estrutura (atuador) quanto para receber os sinais de resposta da estrutura (sensor). A identificação de possíveis danos estruturais é realizada através de técnicas de processamento de sinais tais como: scores, pesos e pesos rotacionados calculados a partir da PCA. São utilizados ainda os coeficientes do modelo AR. A segunda metodologia é baseada no princípio da função de coerência, na qual um único PZT é usado para excitar a estrutura (atuador) e outros três transdutores PZT são utilizados para receber os sinais de resposta da estrutura (sensores). Nesta metodologia, diferentes técnicas de processamento de sinais no domínio do tempo foram aplicadas diretamente nos sinais de resposta dos PZT. Para isso, os scores e os pesos foram calculados a partir das componentes principais. Outras técnicas, tais como SSA e filtros de Savitzky-Golay, também foram empregadas. Nas duas metodologias, a análise de detecção de falha é baseada em duas métricas estatísticas consagradas na área de SHM: RMSD e CCDM. A fim de testar as metodologias propostas, testes práticos... / This work presents two novel methodologies for damage detection applied to Structural Health Monitoring systems. The proposed methodologies use only response signals of piezoelectric transducers bonded to the host structure. In the first methodology, the analysis is based on EMI (Electromechanical Impedance), however it isn´t necessary to calculate the Frequency Response Function or EMI itself due analysis is carried out directly in time-domain. For this, the PZT are excited by a signal with a wide frequency range and acts as an actuator and also as sensors to receive the signals. The coefficients for AR models and the scores, loadings and rotated loadings (Principal Components) are calculated directly from the time signals. The second methodology is based on Coherence Function. For this, the single PZT is used as an actuator to excite the structure and other three PZT’s are used as sensors to receive the response signals. The scores and loadings (Principal Components) are calculated directly from the time signals. Some techniques of digital signal processing such as Singular Spectral Analysis e Savitzky-Golay filter have also been used. For both methodologies, the damage detection procedures were conducted using statistics metrics useful: RMSD and CCDM. Practical tests were carried out on different aluminum plates and the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Heraldo Luiz Giacheti / Banca: Paulo Cesar de Melo Negrão / Banca: Ana Elisa Silva de Abreu / Resumo: A heterogeneidade hidrogeológica do meio físico é um dos fatores principais na definição da distribuição dos contaminantes e seus subprodutos para elaboração de um Modelo Conceitual da Área (MCA). Existem diversas abordagens para a investigação ambiental de áreas contaminadas, sendo que a investigação de alta resolução (High Resolution Site Characterization - HRSC) permite obter um detalhamento em densidade e escala adequadas, tanto da variabilidade vertical e horizontal da condutividade hidráulica e dos tipos de solo, quanto das concentrações dos contaminantes, sua distribuição e interações no meio físico. Uma das ferramentas de alta resolução utilizada para se definir o Modelo Conceitual do Meio Físico é o piezocone (CPTu), a qual permite avaliar e classificar o tipo de solo e descrever um perfil hidroestratigráfico em escala centimétrica. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo definir perfis e seções hidroestratigráficas em alta resolução, utilizando amostragem de solo Direct Push Dual Tube Sampling (DPDTS) e ensaios CPTu com Dissipação de Poro-Pressão (PPDT). A amostragem de solo DPDTS permitiu uma caracterização do solo in situ, definindo-se preliminarmente as principais zonas de fluxo e armazenamento de eventual contaminação. Os ensaios CPTu detectaram o tipo de solo em microescala (centímetros), com a identificação adequada das zonas de fluxo e armazenamento, bem como estabeleceram um perfil contínuo de condutividade hidráulica, além também de fornecerem dados ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The hydrogeological heterogeneity of the physical environment is one of the main factors in the definition of the distribution of contaminants and their by-products for the elaboration of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM). There are several approaches to the environmental investigation of contaminated sites, and the High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) allows to obtain an adequate density and scaling detail of both vertical and horizontal variability of hydraulic conductivity and soil types, as well as the concentrations of contaminants, their distribution and interactions in the physical environment. One of the high-resolution tools used to define the Conceptual Model of the Physical Environment is the piezocone (CPTu), which allows to evaluate and classify the soil type and describe a hydrostratigraphic profile in a centimeter scale. The main purpose of the present study was to define high-resolution hydrostratigraphic profiles and sections using Direct Push Dual Tube Sampling (DPDTS) and CPTu tests with Pore-Pressure Dissipation (PPDT). The DPDTS soil sampling allowed an in-situ soil characterization, defining the main flux and storage zones of eventual contaminants. The CPTu tests detected the soil type in microscale (centimeters), with adequate identification of the flux and storage zones, also established a continuous profile of hydraulic conductivity, as well as obtained punctual data through the PPDT tests, thus defining the hydrostratigraphic profile in high reso... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Jozue Vieira Filho / Banca: Vicente Lopes Junior / Banca: Nobuo Oki / Banca: Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira / Banca: Fernando Dotta / Resumo: O presente trabalho propõe duas novas metodologias para identificação de danos estruturais aplicados aos sistemas de monitoramento de integridade estrutural. Essas metodologias utilizam somente os sinais de respostas dos transdutores piezelétricos colados na estrutura a ser monitorada. A primeira utiliza o princípio da impedância eletromecânica, sem necessidade de cálculo da resposta em frequência, nem da EMI, pois a análise é realizada a partir dos sinais de resposta dos PZT diretamente no domínio do tempo. Nessa metodologia, transdutores do tipo PZT são colados à estrutura a ser monitorada enquanto um sinal de excitação em uma faixa de frequência apropriada excita o conjunto PZT/estrutura. Um mesmo PZT é usado tanto para excitar a estrutura (atuador) quanto para receber os sinais de resposta da estrutura (sensor). A identificação de possíveis danos estruturais é realizada através de técnicas de processamento de sinais tais como: scores, pesos e pesos rotacionados calculados a partir da PCA. São utilizados ainda os coeficientes do modelo AR. A segunda metodologia é baseada no princípio da função de coerência, na qual um único PZT é usado para excitar a estrutura (atuador) e outros três transdutores PZT são utilizados para receber os sinais de resposta da estrutura (sensores). Nesta metodologia, diferentes técnicas de processamento de sinais no domínio do tempo foram aplicadas diretamente nos sinais de resposta dos PZT. Para isso, os scores e os pesos foram calculados a partir das componentes principais. Outras técnicas, tais como SSA e filtros de Savitzky-Golay, também foram empregadas. Nas duas metodologias, a análise de detecção de falha é baseada em duas métricas estatísticas consagradas na área de SHM: RMSD e CCDM. A fim de testar as metodologias propostas, testes práticos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work presents two novel methodologies for damage detection applied to Structural Health Monitoring systems. The proposed methodologies use only response signals of piezoelectric transducers bonded to the host structure. In the first methodology, the analysis is based on EMI (Electromechanical Impedance), however it isn't necessary to calculate the Frequency Response Function or EMI itself due analysis is carried out directly in time-domain. For this, the PZT are excited by a signal with a wide frequency range and acts as an actuator and also as sensors to receive the signals. The coefficients for AR models and the scores, loadings and rotated loadings (Principal Components) are calculated directly from the time signals. The second methodology is based on Coherence Function. For this, the single PZT is used as an actuator to excite the structure and other three PZT's are used as sensors to receive the response signals. The scores and loadings (Principal Components) are calculated directly from the time signals. Some techniques of digital signal processing such as Singular Spectral Analysis e Savitzky-Golay filter have also been used. For both methodologies, the damage detection procedures were conducted using statistics metrics useful: RMSD and CCDM. Practical tests were carried out on different aluminum plates and the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A piezoceramic actuator used for structural control behaves electrically as a nearly pure capacitance. When conventional amplifiers are used to drive these actuators, the current and voltage is close to 90 degrees out of phase. This causes the power factor (PF) of the load to be close to zero and results in excessive power requirements. This thesis reports the results of a study of the following question: What effect does applying power factor correction methods to piezoceramic actuators have on their power consumption characteristics? A subproblem we explored was to detennine the qualitative relationship between the power consumption of a piezoceramic actuator and the damping that actuator added to a structure. To address the subproblem, a feedback control experiment was built which used a ceramic piezoceramic actuator and a strain rate sensor configured to add damping to a cantilevered beam. A disturbance was provided by a shaker attached to the beam. The power consumption of the actuator was determined by measuring the current and voltage of the signal to the actuator. The energy dissipated in the beam by the feedback control loop was assumed to be modeled by an ideal structural damping model. A model relating structural damping as a function of the apparent power consumed by the actuator was developed, qualitatively verified, and physically justified. Power factor correction methods were employed by adding an inductor in both parallel to and in series with the piezoceramic actuator. The inductance values were chosen such that each inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit was in resonance at the second natural frequency of the beam. Implementing the parallel LC circuit reduced the current consumption of the piezoceramic actuator by 75% when compared to the current consumption of the actuator used without an inductor. Implementing the series LC circuit produced a 300% increase in the voltage applied to the actuator compared to the case when no inductor was used. In both cases, employing power factor correction methods corrected the power factor to near unity and reduced the apparent power by 12 dB. A theoretical model of each circuit was developed. The analytical and empirical results are virtually identical. The results of this study can be used to synthesize circuits to modify piezoceramic actuators, reducing the voltage or current requirements of the amplifiers used to drive those actuators / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

Hard disk drives (HDDs) are the most important information storage devices for computers. Positioning precision is crucial to today's increasingly high-speed, high-capacity, high data density, and miniaturized HDDs. Therefore, the demand for higher bandwidth servo systems that can quickly and precisely position the read/write head on a high track density becomes more pressing. Recently, the idea of applying dual-stage actuators to track servo systems has been studied. The push-pull piezoelectrically actuated devices have been developed as micro actuators for fine and fast positioning, while the voice coil motor functions as a large but coarse seeking. However, the current dual-stage actuator design uses piezoelectric patches only without passive damping. In this thesis, a dual-stage servo system using enhanced active-passive hybrid piezoelectric actuators is proposed. The actuators improve the existing dual-stage actuators for higher positioning precision and better shock resistance, due to the incorporation of passive damping in the design. The main aim is to develop this hybrid servo system not only to increase the speed of track seeking but also to improve precision of track following servos in HDDs. A new piezoelectrically actuated suspension with passive damping is designed and fabricated for precision positioning of the head while reducing undesirable vibrations. In order to evaluate positioning and track following performances for the dual-stage track servo systems, tasks carried out in the thesis are: (1) to investigate the damping abilities and transmissibilities of the active-passive hybrid micro actuators; (2) to investigate the shock resistance of the dual-stage piezoelectric actuators with passive damping; (3) to implement the synthesized active-passive suspension with enhanced piezoelectric actuators using a composite nonlinear feedback controller. / Chan, Kwong Wah. / "December 2006." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: B, page: 5512. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-90). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

This thesis represents the work that has been done by the author during his Master of Engineering Science candidature in the area of vibration control of flexible structures at the School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, between March 2003 and June 2004. The aim of this research is to further extend the application of the Spatial Control Approach for two-dimensional flexible structures for attenuating global structural vibration with the possible implication of reduction in noise radiation. The research was concentrated on a simply supported thin flexible plate, using piezoelectric ceramic materials as actuators and sensors. In this work, active controllers were designed for the purpose of controlling only the first five vibration modes (0-500Hz) of the plate. A spatial controller was designed to minimize the total energy of the spatially distributed signal, which is reflected by the spatial H2 norm of the transfer function from the disturbance signal to the vibration output at every point over the plate. This approach ensures the vibration contributed by all the in bandwidth (0-500 Hz) vibration modes is minimized, and hence is capable of minimizing vibration throughout the entire plate. Within the control framework, two cases were considered here; the case when the prior knowledge of the incoming disturbance in terms of reference signal is vailable and the case when it is not available. For the case when the reference signal is available, spatial feedforward controller was designed; whereas for the case when the reference signal is not available, spatial feedback controller was designed to attenuate the global disturbance. The effectiveness of spatial controllers was then compared with that of the standard point-wise controllers numerically and experimentally. The experimental results were found to reflect the numerical results, and the results demonstrated that spatial controllers are able to reduce the energy transfer from the disturbance to the structural output across the plate in a more uniform way than the point-wise controllers. The research work has demonstrated that spatial controller managed to minimize the global plate vibrations and noise radiation that were due to the first five modes. / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--School of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.

Thesis (doctoral)--Helsinki University of Technology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

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