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Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

Class of 2007 Abstract / Objectives: To determine the effect of antihypertensive use on renal function and other diabetic complications in adults over the age of 18 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A retrospective secondary analysis of the NIH Pima epidemiologic data included 1,828 individuals with type 2 DM were evaluated for antihypertensive use and DM complications. Statistical analysis was done using general linear model regression (GLM) or logistic regression models controlling for age, sex and DM duration. Three groups were established to evaluate antihypertensive use Group 1 those taking antihypertensives to those not taking antihypertensives, Group 2 those taking more than one (multiple) antihypertensives to those only taking one and Group 3 those taking an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to those not taking an ACE. Results: Group 1 those taking antihypertensives were significantly worse for all outcome measures than those taking no antihypertensives as evident with: renal function (ACR 43 mg/mmol versus 15.9 mg/mmol (ρ=0.0003) and albuminuria 55.8% versus 37.6% (p=0.0039), retinopathy, neuropathy and CVD. Group 2 those taking multiple antihypertensives had significantly worse renal function (ACR 69.2 mg/mmol versus 34.5 mg/mmol (p=0.0329) and albuminuria 63% versus 52% (p=0.0396)), CVD while retinopathy and neuropathy were not significantly different. Group 3 those taking ACE had significantly worse renal function (ACR 43.8 mg/mmol versus 35.2 mg/mmol (p=0.0329)) while CVD was improved and no difference was observed in retinopathy and neuropathy. Conclusions: Antihypertensive use had little impact on preventing diabetic complications. This is contrary to well- documented literature that supports the use of antihypertensives to slow disease progression and protect renal function.

The Northwest orebody, located in Pima County, Arizona, is a large tonnage skarn containing copper, silver, and molybdenum mineralization. The orebody is separated from the main orebodies of the Twin Buttes mine by the Twin Buttes fault. Sulfide mineralization and silicate alteration are systematically zoned along a westerly trend away from the fault and from a central intrusive complex. Original host rock chemistry was the major control on the silicate and sulfide mineralogy of the skarns. The highest grade ore occurs in a garnet-diopside alteration zone within beds of altered limestone and dolomite. Lower grade ores formed in cal-silicated siltstones, quartzites, and granitic rocks. The skarns exhibit a complex history of sequential veining and replacement. The alteration can be subdivided into an early thermal event, followed by three stages of hydrothermal alteration. The first stage of hydrothermal alteration is characterized by the formation of anhydrous Ca-Mg-Fe-Al silicates, predominantly garnet and diopside. Stage II is a period of sulfide mineralization. The copper sulfides were deposited when copper in the hydrothermal solutions reacted with Fe⁺⁺⁺₋ rich garnet to form chalcopyrite. Mineralization continued during Stage III as increasingly pyritic sulfide mineralization was deposited with hydrous silicate minerals, predominantly epidote and actinolite. Several points of evidence show that the mineralization in the Northwest orebody is related to the intrusive activity at the center of the Twin Buttes mine area and not to either the pre-mineral Ruby Star Granodiorite or to a buried intrusive at depth.

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