Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 399-420. / xx, 420 leaves ill., maps

Diss. (sammanfattning). Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-43). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2005. / Bibliography: p. 178-203.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006. / "August 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-37). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000749216.pdf: 1944094 bytes, checksum: 6a91ff9dd9361601439833f0bb687018 (MD5) / Epífitas são plantas autotróficas, vasculares, que germinam, enraízam e crescem utilizando-se de outras como suporte. Na interação conhecida como epifitismo vascular, a epífita utiliza-se apenas do substrato fornecido pela planta portadora, sendo independente do forófito na obtenção de nutrientes e água. As epífitas contribuem para a diversidade biológica nas comunidades vegetais, desempenham um papel importante na produtividade primária e na ciclagem de nutrientes, podem ser indicadoras ecológicas do estádio sucessional da floresta e são essenciais nos processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas e enriquecimento florestal. O recente reconhecimento do dossel das florestas tropicais como um dos celeiros da biodiversidade do planeta tem incentivado estudos que procuram entender os processos ligados à comunidade epifítica, destacando o seu papel na funcionalidade dos ecossistemas. Além disso, poucos estudos sobre epífitas no Brasil foram realizados no cerradão, na floresta estacional semidecidual sem influência fluvial e na floresta estacional semidecidual com influência fluvial permanente (mata de brejo), ocorrentes em uma mesma região, onde não há constância de umidade relativa do ar ao longo do ano. Estas formações vegetais ocorrem no município de Bauru e foram selecionadas como áreas de estudo para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. O intuito desta dissertação é contribuir para o conhecimento da composição florística e estrutura do componente epifítico nas três formações vegetais, analisando a similaridade florística, a diversidade e a distribuição vertical / Epiphytes are autotrophic vascular plants that germinate, take root and grow on other plants for support. In the interaction known as vascular epiphytism, the epiphyte uses only the substrate provided by the host plant, being independent of the phorophyte for water and nutrition. Epiphytes contribute to biological diversity in plant communities, play an important role in primary productivity and nutrient cycling, may be ecological indicators of successional stage of the forest and are essential in the process of degraded areas recovery and forest enrichment. The recent recognition of the tropical forest canopy as storehouses of biodiversity on the planet has encouraged studies that seek to understand the processes involved in epiphytic community, highlighting their role in ecosystem function. In addition, few studies about epiphytes in Brazil were carried out in the cerradão (woodland savanna), in the seasonal semideciduous forest without fluvial influence and, in the seasonal semideciduous forest with permanent fluvial influence (swamp forest) occurring in the same region, where there is no air relative humidity constancy throughout the year. These plant formations occur in the municipality of Bauru and were selected as study areas for the development of this research. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the knowledge of the floristic composition and structure of the epiphytic component in the three plant formations, analyzing the floristic similarity, diversity and vertical distribution

Orientador: Silvia Machado Rodrigues / Coorientador: Veridiana de Lara Weiser Bramante / Banca: Reinaldo Monteiro / Banca: Ana Odete Santos Silveira / Banca: Suzana Bissacot Barbosa / Banca: Anne Ligia Dokkedal Bosqueiro / Resumo: Epífitas são plantas autotróficas, vasculares, que germinam, enraízam e crescem utilizando-se de outras como suporte. Na interação conhecida como epifitismo vascular, a epífita utiliza-se apenas do substrato fornecido pela planta portadora, sendo independente do forófito na obtenção de nutrientes e água. As epífitas contribuem para a diversidade biológica nas comunidades vegetais, desempenham um papel importante na produtividade primária e na ciclagem de nutrientes, podem ser indicadoras ecológicas do estádio sucessional da floresta e são essenciais nos processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas e enriquecimento florestal. O recente reconhecimento do dossel das florestas tropicais como um dos celeiros da biodiversidade do planeta tem incentivado estudos que procuram entender os processos ligados à comunidade epifítica, destacando o seu papel na funcionalidade dos ecossistemas. Além disso, poucos estudos sobre epífitas no Brasil foram realizados no cerradão, na floresta estacional semidecidual sem influência fluvial e na floresta estacional semidecidual com influência fluvial permanente (mata de brejo), ocorrentes em uma mesma região, onde não há constância de umidade relativa do ar ao longo do ano. Estas formações vegetais ocorrem no município de Bauru e foram selecionadas como áreas de estudo para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. O intuito desta dissertação é contribuir para o conhecimento da composição florística e estrutura do componente epifítico nas três formações vegetais, analisando a similaridade florística, a diversidade e a distribuição vertical / Abstract: Epiphytes are autotrophic vascular plants that germinate, take root and grow on other plants for support. In the interaction known as vascular epiphytism, the epiphyte uses only the substrate provided by the host plant, being independent of the phorophyte for water and nutrition. Epiphytes contribute to biological diversity in plant communities, play an important role in primary productivity and nutrient cycling, may be ecological indicators of successional stage of the forest and are essential in the process of degraded areas recovery and forest enrichment. The recent recognition of the tropical forest canopy as storehouses of biodiversity on the planet has encouraged studies that seek to understand the processes involved in epiphytic community, highlighting their role in ecosystem function. In addition, few studies about epiphytes in Brazil were carried out in the cerradão (woodland savanna), in the seasonal semideciduous forest without fluvial influence and, in the seasonal semideciduous forest with permanent fluvial influence (swamp forest) occurring in the same region, where there is no air relative humidity constancy throughout the year. These plant formations occur in the municipality of Bauru and were selected as study areas for the development of this research. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the knowledge of the floristic composition and structure of the epiphytic component in the three plant formations, analyzing the floristic similarity, diversity and vertical distribution / Mestre

Radioisotopes of caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) have been distributed in the environment due to weapons testing, nuclear power production and accidents at nuclear facilities. Radiocaesium and radiostrontium are of major concern in the medium to long term following accidental releases as they have high energies, long half lives (137Cs≈30 years; 90Sr≈29 years) and their easy assimilation into biological systems due to their similarity to the biologically important elements potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), respectively. Radio-caesium and -strontium are transferred to humans primarily via plant root uptake, and therefore minimising this uptake has been the focus of a number of remediation strategies, such as ploughing and fertiliser application. Species or cultivar substitution, where a species/cultivar that has higher uptake is replaced by a species/cultivar that has lower uptake, has been proposed as an effective and socially acceptable remediation strategy for contaminated agricultural land, but not enough is known about its efficacy for it to be recommended internationally. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of species or cultivar substitution as a remediation strategy for contaminated agricultural areas. Chapter 2 consists of meta-analysis of the available data (115 experiments) on the inter-cultivar variation in Cs and Sr accumulation by 27 plant species. Chapter 3 includes experiments conducted in the laboratory (UK) and two experiments in the field (Ukraine) investigating inter-cultivar variation in radiocaesium and radiostrontium accumulation in Brassica oleracea, and whether consistently lower-accumulating cultivars could be identified. Chapter 4 details analysis of samples from grass breeding experiments in Aberystwyth and Edinburgh (UK) from four forage grass species; hybrid ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. x Lolium multiflorum Lam.), L. perenne, L.multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea Shreb., and investigates inter-species and inter-cultivar variation in uptake of stable Cs and Sr. Hybrid ryegrass cultivars that were lower-accumulating in Cs and/or Sr were also identified. Chapter 5 compares the stable Cs and Sr uptake in six L. perenne and two F. arundinacea cultivars grown in Aberystwyth and Narodychi (Ukraine). Chapter 6 compares the performance in terms of yield and forage quality (elemental concentrations, digestibility and water soluble carbohydrate content) of six hybrid ryegrass cultivars and ten F. arundinacea cultivars identified as consistently lower-accumulating in Cs and/or Sr against the performance of two commercial hybrid ryegrass cultivars. The mean inter-cultivar variation in Cs and Sr was 1.8-fold and 2.0-fold,respectively when 27 plant species were studied. Thirty-five-fold variation in radiocaesium and 23-fold variation in radiostrontium was found between c.70 Brassica oleracea cultivars. In two field experiments in Ukraine, five cultivars had consistently lower radiocaesium concentration ratios and two cultivars consistently lower radiostrontium concentration ratios. One cultivar had lower radiocaesium and radiostrontium concentration ratios. Festuca arundinacea cultivars had lower Cs and Sr concentration ratios than cultivars of hybrid ryegrass, L. perenne and L. multiflorum. Three out of 17 hybrid ryegrass cultivars had consistently lower Cs concentration ratios, two cultivars consistently lower Sr and one consistently lower Cs and Sr. Despite differences in soil properties and environmental conditions, F. arundinacea cultivars grown in Aberystwyth and Narodychi accumulated less stable and radioactive Cs and Sr than L. perenne cultivars. One L. perenne cultivar also accumulated less Cs and Sr at both sites. F. arundinacea cultivars accumulated less Cs and Sr than commercial hybrid ryegrass cultivars, but alsohad up to 59% lower yield and a reduction of up to 19% in K accumulation, up to 46% in Ca accumulation, up to 7% in dry matter digestibility and up to 17% in water soluble carbohydrate content. Selecting lower accumulating cultivars was found to reduce Cs and Sr accumulation less, but with a smaller yield penalty and a smaller reduction in digestibility and water soluble carbohydrate content. It is concluded that species and cultivar substitution could be an effective remediation strategy in contaminated agricultural land provided implications for yield and quality are considered.

Orientador: Denise de Campos Bicudo / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar os principais fatores que controlam a biodiversidade e distribuição das diatomáceas acumuladas no sedimento superficial e planctônicas em represas tropicais. Cinco represas (19 estações de amostragem) localizadas na bacia do Médio Tietê/Alto Sorocaba variando de oligo- a hipereutróficas foram amostradas no verão e no inverno de 2014. As diatomáceas planctônicas foram amostradas no verão e no inverno e as do sedimento superficial (2 cm) foram coletadas no inverno. Além disso, foi utilizado o banco de dados do projeto temático AcquaSed (abióticos e de diatomáceas) para a análise dos principais fatores estruturadores das diatomáceas do sedimento superficial e planctônicas. Ainda, foi realizado o estudo florístico das diatomáceas de um subconjunto de represas do projeto temático, destacando as novas citações para o Brasil e Estado de São Paulo, bem como as informações sobre ocorrência das espécies em relação ao gradiente trófico. Os resultados demonstraram que o gradiente trófico foi o principal fator organizador da comunidade de diatomáceas tanto do sedimento superficial quanto planctônicas e que a biodiversidade (inferida pela diversidade beta) foi negativamente relacionada ao gradiente de enriquecimento. Entretanto, fatores espaciais também foram importantes preditores na estruturação das diatomáceas quando a maior escala espacial foi abordada (cinco bacias hidrográficas). A Contribuição dos Locais para a Diversidade Beta do componente substit... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the main factors controling the biodiversity and distribution of surface sediments and planktonic diatoms in tropical reservoirs. Five reservoirs (19 sampling sites) located in the Médio Tietê/Alto Sorocaba basin ranging from oligo- to hypereutrophic conditions were sampled in summer and winter of 2014. Planktonic diatoms were sampled in summer and winter and surface sediment diatoms (2 cm) were sampled in winter. Furthermore, the data set of the AcquaSed project (abiotic and diatoms) was used to analyze the main drivers of surface sediment and phytoplankton diatoms. A floristic survey was carried out by using a subset of the this project, highlighting the new records for Brazil and São Paulo state, as well as information about the species occurrence along the trophic gradient. The results showed that the trophic state was the the main driver of the diatom assemblage in both surface sediment and phytoplankton, and biodiversity (infered by beta diversity) was negatively related to the enrichment gradient. However, spatial factors were also important predictors for diatom structure when the larger spatial scale was included (five drainage basins). The Local Contribution to Beta Diversity of the species replacement component (ReplLCBD) also showed negative correlation with eutrophication, and highest ReplLCBD values were observed in oligo- and mesotrophic environments, suggesting that these environments showed higher contribution to beta diversity. Surface sediment and planktonic diatoms were mainly represented by centric species such as Aulacoseira ambigua, A. granulata var. angustissima, A. granulata var. granulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Discostella stelligera. These species presented the higher values of Species Contribution to Beta Diversity (SCBD) and possibly can be used as ... (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Doutor