With my research in Concrescence planters I was able to design set of planters using specific methods that I generally use in designing. The methods that I utilized the most are the Golden Rectangle and the Fibonacci sequence as Golden Rectangle talks about the symmetry and design in nature and how I apply the same systems to my own design to make it as natural for human interaction. The research also utilized some of the same design techniques and element that then to translate from one design to another which make the design process simpler and fluid.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Arlo Biere / With a large portion of U.S. farm production expenditures related to the cost of fertilizer, seed, and chemicals, producers within the Corn Belt region are looking for new methods and/or planting processes that would deliver higher levels of production efficiencies and lower operating costs. Specifically within the planting operation, Corn Belt producers are faced with the challenge to better manage the higher cost of crop inputs in order to sustain profitability. The primary objective of this thesis is to examine new planting technologies that would better manage planting applications while directly lowering related input costs. Another objective is to understand through regression analysis how various planting variables affect yield potential. Results from the regression analysis illustrate how the various planting variables affect yield and show the importance of “realtime” planter management, advancements possible only with the new planter technology. Customer surveys and several on-site customer visits were conducted throughout the Corn Belt to better understand the actual needs of producers for new planting technologies. Throughout the customer visits, specific questions about the producers’ planting operation were asked to find new ways for precision technology to help increase overall productivity and ultimately profitability. Producer comments and feedback were analyzed through Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) practices and aligned into product development programs. The products developed from the customer research will help producers in the Corn Belt to reduce corn production inefficiencies and, potentially, increase profit margins, assuming profit levels remain steady and/or increase in lieu of reduced input costs.Farm level net present value (NPV) analyses of new planting technologies were performed. Corresponding yield data from efficiencies gained in seed corn placement and control during “real-time” planting applications were integrated into the NPV analyses along with the precision technology costs. The NPV results were positive.

A large portion of irrigated soybean in Mississippi are planted on raised beds spaced 96.52 cm apart. There is recent interest in growing soybean in narrower rows. Previous research indicates that narrower row spacing can provide advantages over wider arrangements, including increased light interception, improved weed management and greater seed yield. Soybean was planted in 96.52 cm single rows, 96.52 cm twin rows and 50 cm rows on wide beds (200 cm) at three seeding rates. Canopy closure was monitored throughout the growing season. Soybean planted in narrow rows had consistently faster canopy closure than single rows at all site years. Similarly, there was a 10% to 13% seed yield advantage for the narrow row spacing over the single row spacing at each site year. With the introduction of novel technology, such as the twin row planter, comes equipment malfunction and/or misuse that could reduce seed yield. Producer decisions in the event of a planting/planter error can be challenging. The economic loss due to a planter error may vary by soil type due to differences in plant development. The purpose of this research is to determine the agronomic effects associated with multiple potential twin row planter errors on two distinct soil types across multiple maturity groups commonly found in Mississippi. Canopy closure of each planting error was monitored throughout the growing season. Seed yield was reduced by 9 to 18% when a whole twin row was missing compared to the untreated check at all site years.

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Submitted by Aycon Tinoco Lisboa Frazao (aycon.lisboa@ifma.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T18:39:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diss_agro_08.pdf: 1718321 bytes, checksum: afe36fe0775b84febaec98b23b163858 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-08-07T12:54:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 frazao_atl_me_jabo.pdf: 1718321 bytes, checksum: afe36fe0775b84febaec98b23b163858 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T12:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 frazao_atl_me_jabo.pdf: 1718321 bytes, checksum: afe36fe0775b84febaec98b23b163858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-23 / RESUMO: A PRESENÇA DE PALHA NA MUDA AFETA A QUALIDADE DOS SISTEMAS DE PLANTIO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR? RESUMO - O processo de colheita mecanizada de mudas de cana-de-açúcar é decisivo na operação seguinte, a de plantio mecanizado da cultura, principalmente nos meses de outubro/novembro, nos quais há maior estresse hídrico e temperatura elevadas. Assim, a quantidade de palha retida no rebolo durante o processo de colheita mecanizada, pode reduzir a quantidade de gemas inviáveis por danos mecânicos e proteger as gemas das condições climáticas adversas. Objetivou-se, avaliar a qualidade de operação de plantio de cana-de-açúcar utilizando mudas com e sem palhada, com utilização de plantadoras e distribuidoras de cana-de-açúcar picada comparados ao plantio semi-mecanizado. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Santa Clara, localizada no município de Pradópolis - SP, com cinco tratamentos sendo, plantadora mecanizada sem palha na muda, plantadora mecanizada com palha na muda, distribuidora mecanizada sem palha na muda, distribuidora mecanizada com palha na muda e plantio semi-mecanizado. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 50 pontos amostrais para cada tratamento, de acordo com as premissas do Controle Estatístico de Processo. A quantidade de gemas inviáveis e as falhas no estande reduziram com a presença de palha no rebolo. A presença de palha no rebolo possibilita o aumento do potencial da área plantada. Dessa forma, a presença de palha na muda melhorou a qualidade do plantio de cana de açúcar. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cartas de controle, distribuidora, plantadora, Saccharum officinarum / ABSTRACT: THE PRESENCE OF STRAW TRASH ON SEEDLINGS AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF SUGARCANE CROP SYSTEMS? ABSTRACT - The process of sugarcane seedlings mechanized harvesting is decisive in the next operation, which is the mechanized crop planting, mainly in the months of October/November, when the plants experience higher water stress and elevated temperatures. Thus, the amount of straw retained in the stalk during the mechanized harvesting process can reduce the number of non-viable buds due to mechanical damage and protect the buds from adverse climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the sugarcane planting operation using seedlings with and without straw, employing planters and distributors of chopped sugarcane compared to semi-mechanized planting. The experiment was carried out at Santa Clara Farm, located in the city of Pradópolis, SP, Brazil, with five treatments, being: mechanized planter without straw in the seedling, mechanized planter with straw in the seedling, mechanized distributor without straw in the seedling, mechanized distributor with straw in the seedling and semi-mechanized planting. The data collection was performed in 50 sample points for each treatment, according to the premises of the Statistical Process Control. The amount of unviable gems and faults in the stand reduced with the presence of straw on the stalk. The presence of straw in the stalk makes it possible to increase the potential of the planted area. Thus, the presence of straw in the seedling improved the quality of sugarcane cropping. KEYWORDS: control letters, distributor, planter, Saccharum officinarum / Minter: 834320

Background:Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis of exclusion and represents a spectrum of severity. Treatment for ITW includes observation and a variety of conservative treatment methods, with surgical intervention often reserved for severe cases. Previous studies reviewing treatment outcomes are often difficult to interpret secondary to a mixture of case severity. The goal of this study was to review surgical outcomes in patients with severe ITW who had failed prior conservative treatment, as well as determine differences in outcomes based on the type of surgery performed.Methods:After IRB approval, all patients with surgical management of severe ITW at a single institution were identified. Zone II or zone III plantar flexor lengthenings were performed in all subjects. Clinical, radiographic, and motion analysis data were collected preoperatively and at 1 year following surgery.Results:Twenty-six patients (46 extremities) with a diagnosis of severe ITW from 2002 to 2017 were included. Zone II lengthenings were performed in 25 extremities (mean age=9.9 y) and zone III lengthenings were performed in 21 extremities (mean age=8.6 y). At the most recent follow-up, 100% of zone III lengthening extremities and 88% of zone II lengthening demonstrated decreased severity of ITW. Six extremities required additional treatment, all of which were initially managed with zone II lengthenings.Conclusions:Severe ITW or ITW that has not responded to conservative treatment may benefit from surgical intervention. More successful outcomes, including continued resolution of toe walking, were observed in subjects treated with zone III lengthenings.Level of Evidence:Level III - case series.

Com o objetivo de estudar o plantio mecânico da cana-de-açúcar avaliando o desempenho operacional e econômico de uma plantadora de cana, foram realizados ensaios padronizados em condições de campo na Cosan - Costa Pinto, município de Piracicaba, SP, entre outubro de 2005 e outubro de 2006. A variedade de cana foi a SP 80-3280 de 11 meses e primeiro corte e, sob as mesmas condições de campo foram efetuados o plantio mecânico e o convencional (utilizado como testemunha). A densidade de plantio foi de 8,4 e 11,1 t ha¹, para o plantio convencional e mecânico, respectivamente, sendo que o mecânico apresentou menor número de perfilhos e consequentemente um maior número de falhas. Falhas essas, que refletiram na produtividade agrícola, cujos resultados foram de 88,9 para o plantio convencional e de 77,4 t ha¹, para o mecânico. Quanto à avaliação de desempenho operacional, a plantadora Santal PCP2 operou em velocidade de plantio de 5,5 km h¹, exigindo esforço tratório médio de 3060 kgf, consumo efetivo de combustível de 37,80 L h¹ e Capacidade Efetiva de 1,64 ha h¹. Em termos de custos operacionais de plantio, foi, significativamente, mais vantajoso, com custo de R$ 77,60 ha¹, em comparação ao plantio convencional que apresentou valores de R$ 216,20 ha¹, o que representa uma redução da ordem de 64,1%, nos custos da operação, sem envolver custos anteriores (corte, carregamento e transporte de mudas até a área de plantio). Quanto aos aspectos agronômicos envolvidos, pode-se concluir que, os danos provocados pelo fracionamento dos colmos em rebolos, utilizados no plantio mecânico, reduz a quantidade de gemas viáveis, contribuindo para um menor perfilhamento, maior número de falha e menor produtividade apesar da maior densidade de mudas utilizada. / In order to study the mechanized planting of sugarcane and evaluate the operational and economic performance of the sugarcane planter, standardized field assays were conducted at Cosan - Costa Pinto, in Piracicaba, SP, between October 2005 and October 2006. The cane variety used was SP 80-3280 with first harvest at 11 months. Mechanized and conventional (used as the control) planting methods were performed under the same field conditions. The planting density was 8,4 e 11,1 ton ha¹, for the conventional and the mechanized plantings, respectively, with the mechanized planting resulting in a lower tiller stand and, consequently, a higher number of missing plants. Missing plant numbers were reflected in the crop productivity with yields of 88,9 and 77,4 t ha¹ for the conventional and the mechanized planting, respectively. The operational performance analysis demonstrated that the Santal PCP2 planter operated at 5,5 km h¹ during planting, requiring a mean tractor effort of 3060 kgf, with average fuel use of 37,8 L h¹ and effective capacity of 1,64 ha h¹. In relation to total operational cost, the mechanized planting was significantly advantageous in relation to the conventional planting with total cost of R$ 77,60 per ha compared to R$ 216,20 per ha for the conventional planting, a reduction of 64,1% in operational costs, without any consideration of preliminary costs such as sett cutting, loading and transport of the setts to the field. In relation to the agronomic aspects, the damage caused by the fractioning of the sugarcane stalks into setts, which were used for the mechanized planting, reduced the number if viable buds, and contributed to a lower number of tillers, greater number of missing plants, and a lower productivity despite a greater planting density.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mello_ajr_dr_jabo.pdf: 1408395 bytes, checksum: 68cfa6cc41152d189a4a79ca6a70aed8 (MD5) / Realizar a semeadura em maior profundidade para se proporcionar melhores condições à germinação e emergência pode ser decisivo em momentos de condições climáticas adversas. Conduziu-se o presente trabalho na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal com o objetivo de avaliar a demanda energética do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora nas velocidades de 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 km h-1, mensurar a posição relativa entre adubo e sementes, quantificar a distribuição longitudinal de plantas logo após a semeadura e na colheita em função de quatro velocidades de semeadura, incluindo uma semeadura manual, com duas profundidades de deposição da semente. Os valores de falhas, na colheita, foram semelhantes para as três velocidades tratorizadas (4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 km h- 1), 31% em média, e maiores que a semeadura manual, que foi de 4%. Não houve efeito das profundidades de semeadura para produtividade de grãos. No entanto, observou-se o maior valor de produtividade para a semeadura manual. A capacidade de campo operacional foi 70% maior, de 1,19 para 2,02 ha h-1, para a maior velocidade. A potência foi de 28,42 kW para 7,5 km h-1, na profundidade de 0,05 m que não diferiu da potência requerida aos 0,10 m. / To sow in greater depth to provide better conditions for germination and emergence can be decisive in times of adverse weather conditions. We conducted this study in the Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal in order to assess the energy demand of the tractor-seeder-fertilizer at speeds of 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 km h-1, measuring the relative position between fertilizer and seeds, measure the longitudinal distribution of plants immediately after planting and at harvest due to four seeding rates, including a manual seeding, with two depths of deposition of the seed. The fault values at harvest were similar for the three tractor-implement speeds (4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 km h-1), 31% on average and higher than manual sowing, which was 4%. There was no effect of sowing depths for grain yield. However, we observed the highest value of productivity for manual seeding. The field operational capacity was 70% higher, from 1.19 ha to 2.02 h-1 for the highest speed. The power was 28.42 kW to 7.5 km h-1 at a depth of 0.05 m did not differ from that required power to 0.10 m.

Com o objetivo de estudar o plantio mecânico da cana-de-açúcar avaliando o desempenho operacional e econômico de uma plantadora de cana, foram realizados ensaios padronizados em condições de campo na Cosan - Costa Pinto, município de Piracicaba, SP, entre outubro de 2005 e outubro de 2006. A variedade de cana foi a SP 80-3280 de 11 meses e primeiro corte e, sob as mesmas condições de campo foram efetuados o plantio mecânico e o convencional (utilizado como testemunha). A densidade de plantio foi de 8,4 e 11,1 t ha¹, para o plantio convencional e mecânico, respectivamente, sendo que o mecânico apresentou menor número de perfilhos e consequentemente um maior número de falhas. Falhas essas, que refletiram na produtividade agrícola, cujos resultados foram de 88,9 para o plantio convencional e de 77,4 t ha¹, para o mecânico. Quanto à avaliação de desempenho operacional, a plantadora Santal PCP2 operou em velocidade de plantio de 5,5 km h¹, exigindo esforço tratório médio de 3060 kgf, consumo efetivo de combustível de 37,80 L h¹ e Capacidade Efetiva de 1,64 ha h¹. Em termos de custos operacionais de plantio, foi, significativamente, mais vantajoso, com custo de R$ 77,60 ha¹, em comparação ao plantio convencional que apresentou valores de R$ 216,20 ha¹, o que representa uma redução da ordem de 64,1%, nos custos da operação, sem envolver custos anteriores (corte, carregamento e transporte de mudas até a área de plantio). Quanto aos aspectos agronômicos envolvidos, pode-se concluir que, os danos provocados pelo fracionamento dos colmos em rebolos, utilizados no plantio mecânico, reduz a quantidade de gemas viáveis, contribuindo para um menor perfilhamento, maior número de falha e menor produtividade apesar da maior densidade de mudas utilizada. / In order to study the mechanized planting of sugarcane and evaluate the operational and economic performance of the sugarcane planter, standardized field assays were conducted at Cosan - Costa Pinto, in Piracicaba, SP, between October 2005 and October 2006. The cane variety used was SP 80-3280 with first harvest at 11 months. Mechanized and conventional (used as the control) planting methods were performed under the same field conditions. The planting density was 8,4 e 11,1 ton ha¹, for the conventional and the mechanized plantings, respectively, with the mechanized planting resulting in a lower tiller stand and, consequently, a higher number of missing plants. Missing plant numbers were reflected in the crop productivity with yields of 88,9 and 77,4 t ha¹ for the conventional and the mechanized planting, respectively. The operational performance analysis demonstrated that the Santal PCP2 planter operated at 5,5 km h¹ during planting, requiring a mean tractor effort of 3060 kgf, with average fuel use of 37,8 L h¹ and effective capacity of 1,64 ha h¹. In relation to total operational cost, the mechanized planting was significantly advantageous in relation to the conventional planting with total cost of R$ 77,60 per ha compared to R$ 216,20 per ha for the conventional planting, a reduction of 64,1% in operational costs, without any consideration of preliminary costs such as sett cutting, loading and transport of the setts to the field. In relation to the agronomic aspects, the damage caused by the fractioning of the sugarcane stalks into setts, which were used for the mechanized planting, reduced the number if viable buds, and contributed to a lower number of tillers, greater number of missing plants, and a lower productivity despite a greater planting density.

This dissertation seeks to theologically analyze three prominent church planter profiles. Chapter 1 explains the need for such a study by giving consideration to the place of church planting in the Great Commission and the importance of leadership within church planting. Chapter 2 provides a historical overview of assessments in a variety of fields that led to the inclusion of assessments within church planting. This chapter also introduces the three profiles as well as some lessons learned from the use of profiles in assessment. Chapter 3 introduces the first area of theological analysis. The chapter discusses the pastoral qualifications outlined in 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1. Considerable attention is also given to apostles and the role of apostles in church planting. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the nature of the church. For a church planter to lead a church, he needs to understand the nature of the organization he is seeking to lead. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the church that can be used to analyze the profiles in terms of their understanding of the church. Chapter 5, building upon the previous two chapters, is the theological analysis of the three profiles. The analysis of the profiles follows the content of the previous three chapters and examines the three profiles according to the nature of the church, which also surfaced the concern of the leader's relationship with God, the character issues raised in the Pastoral Epistles, and the role of apostles in church planting. Chapter 6 provides concise answers to the research questions which guided the dissertation. The chapter also offers suggestions about changes to church planter assessments in light of the analysis. Additional suggestions are offered also with respect to potential areas of further study related to church planter assessments.