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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Contribution à l'étude paléomagnétique des roches déformées /

Cogné, Jean-Pascal, January 1987 (has links)
Th.--Sci.--Rennes I, 1987. / Réunit un choix de textes en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 61-63.
12

Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension : méthode et applications /

Rouby, Delphine. January 1994 (has links)
Th. univ.--Géol.--Rennes 1, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 189-195. Résumé en français.
13

Painted gods arts and crafts for the production of ancestral tablets and folk gods plaques in Hong Kong /

Wong, Ka-man, Carmen. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-104).
14

The HLA system and multiple sclerosis

Jersild, Casper. January 1978 (has links)
Afhandling--Copenhagen.
15

Contribution à l'étude du manteau dans le voisinage d'une plaque de lithosphère plongeante.

Vanpé, Jean-Michel, January 1900 (has links)
Th. 3e cycle--Géophys. approfondie--Grenoble 1, 1979. N°: 14.
16

Etablissement d'un protocole haut débit d'acquisition et d'analyse d'images pour les études précliniques par microscopie bi-photonique intravitale multispectrale : application à l'étude de la neuroinflammation provoquée par un modèle murin de sclérose en plaque / Establishment of a high-speed acquisition and image analysis protocol for preclinical studies using intravital and multispectral two-photon microscopy : application to the study of neuroinflammation induced with a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Jaouën, Alexandre 18 December 2017 (has links)
La sclérose en plaques est une maladie chronique, auto-immune et neurodégénérative qui se traduit par l’apparition de plaques inflammatoires démyélinisantes dans le système nerveux central. Pour caractériser la réponse immunitaire innée, j’ai développé des outils d’imagerie optique non linéaire multispectrale intravitale, et des solutions semi automatisées d’analyse d’images. J’ai participé à la mise au point d’un protocole d’identification des phénotypes immunitaires en cytométrie. Ces outils appliqués à l’étude de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale, un modèle murin de SEP, ont permis d’analyser la cascade immunitaire par immunomarquages et marquages fluorescents transgéniques, de décrire les distributions des populations cellulaires dans le SNC, et de les associer à la dégradation axonale sur des échelles de temps de la seconde à la semaine. Sur une lignée de souris transgénique, Thy1-CFP/Cd11c-EYFP/LysM-EGFP, j’ai suivi en microscopie biphotonique l’évolution des densités de cellules fluorescentes dans la moelle épinière pendant plusieurs semaines. J’ai conclu que la dégénération axonale et les déficits moteurs sont corrélés avec l’infiltration par les méninges de neutrophiles et monocytes. Les monocytes se différencient in situ en cellules dendritiques d’origine monocytaire (moDCs) parallèlement à l'activation de la microglie. Ces événements cellulaires, dont la maturation des moDCs sont corrélés avec la résorption de l’inflammation. La méthodologie est en place pour poursuivre ces investigations sur d’autres modèles. L’optimisation du microscope m’a aussi permis d’accéder simultanément au contraste endogène CARS pour visualiser la gaine de myéline. / Multiple sclerosis is a chronic auto-immune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the appearance of inflammatory plaques in the central nervous system. To characterize the innate immune response I have developed nonlinear optical tools for intravital multispectral imaging as well as semi-automated image processing solutions. I also contributed to the development of a flow cytometry protocol allowing the identification of immune cell phenotypes. Applied to study of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of MS, these tools have allowed to analyze the immune cascade thanks to immunolabelings and transgenic expression of fluorescence, describe the distributions of cell populations in the CNS with regard to neuron degeneration on time scales ranging from seconds to weeks. On a transgenic mouse line Thy1-CFP/Cd11c-EYFP/LysM-EGFP, I have followed by two-photon microscopy the evolution of fluorescent cells densities in the same area of the spinal cord for several weeks. I conclude that axonal degeneration and motor deficits are correlated with neutrophils and monocytes infiltration from the meninges. The monocytes differentiate in situ in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) along with the recruitment of activated microglia. These cellular events correlated with a stabilization/remission phase of the disease. MoDCS maturation thus seems involved in the dampening of inflammation. Methodology and tools are now set for further investigations with other models. The microscope optimization for multicolor excitation allowed me to access simultaneously to the endogenous CARS contrast to visualize the myelin sheath.
17

Mémoire et sclérose en plaques / Memory and multiple sclerosis

Saenz, Amaya 17 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse propose d'explorer les capacités en mémoire épisodique de patients atteints de sclérose en plaques (sep). A notre connaissance, l'analyse des processus touchés et préservés a fait l'objet de peu de travaux. L'une des raisons historiques semble être la création, dès les années 1980, de batteries d'évaluation rapide destinées aux neurologues. Ainsi, le golden standard de l'évaluation mnésique dans cette affection est le srt (dujardin et al., 2004) qui permet difficilement de contrôler les troubles d'encodage et de récupération. L'objectif de cette thèse sera dans un premier temps de documenter à l'aide d'épreuves permettant une analyse des processus mnésiques, les capacités de mémoire épisodique verbale dans la sep. Les performances de trois groupes de patients (sep, maladies d'Alzheimer et de Parkinson) seront comparées dans l'épreuve rl/ri-16 items. Cette étude sera destinée à vérifier si une majorité de patients sep présente une amélioration du rappel libre après délai contrairement aux deux autres affections testées. Si tel est le cas, l'hypothèse d'un temps de traitement, insuffisamment long pour les patients sep entre les rappels immédiats, mériterait d'être testée. Pour cela, une version parallèle du cvlt sera créée. Ainsi, les performances des patients seront comparées intra-individuellement lors de l'administration de l'épreuve dans sa version originale et lors d'une version où les temps entre les présentations de la liste de courses seront allongés. Un troisième volet sera destiné à tester les capacités de consolidation à long terme (une étude dans ce domaine pour la sep). Une analyse anatomo-fonctionnelle sera conduite en éprouvant l'hypothèse d'un lien entre les performances de rappel à une semaine et la volumétrie hippocampique des patients sep. / This thesis suggests exploring capacities in memory episodic of patients reached by multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, the analysis of the affected and protected processes was the object of few works. One of the historic reasons seems to be the creation, from the 1980s, of batteries of fast evaluation intended for the neurologists. So, standard Golden of the mnesic evaluation in this affection is the srt (dujardin and al ., on 2004) which allows with difficulty to check) the disorders of encoding and recovery. The objective of this thesis will at first be to document by means of tests allowing an analysis of the mnesic processes, capacities of verbal episodic memory in frog. The performances of three groups of patients (frog, Alzheimer's diseases and of Parkinson) will be compared in the test rl / ri-16 items. This study will be intended to verify if a majority of patients frog presents an improvement of the free reminder after deadline contrary to two other tested affections. If that was the case, the hypothesis of a processing time, insufficiently long for the patients frog between the immediate reminders), would deserve to be tested. For that purpose, a parallel version of the cvlt will be created. So, the performances of the patients will be compared intra - individually during the administration of the test in its original version and during the version where the times between the presentations of the shopping list will be lengthened. The third shutter will be intended to test the capacities of long-term consolidation (a study in this domain for frog). An anatomo-functional analysis will be led by feeling the hypothesis of a link between the performances of reminder in a week and the hippocampal volumetry of the patients frog.
18

Synapse dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease : contributions of amyloid-beta and tau

Pickett, Eleanor Kay January 2018 (has links)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by memory loss, insidious cognitive decline, profound neurodegeneration, and the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide in senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Synaptic dysfunction and loss is the strongest pathological correlate of cognitive decline in AD with increasing evidence implicating neuropathological forms of both amyloid-beta and tau protein in this process. A large amount of evidence suggests that oligomeric forms of Aβ, associated with senile plaques, are toxic to synapses but the precise localisation of Aβ and which forms are synaptotoxic remain unknown. Using the high-resolution technique, array tomography, this thesis characterised the synaptic localisation of different forms of Aβ oligomers in a mouse model of amyloidopathy. These results show that different oligomeric Aβ species are present in both presynapses and postsynapses. This study highlights the potential of array tomography for rapid testing of aggregation state specific Aβ antibodies in brain tissue. Following these results, the presence of tau at synapses was examined. Despite the knowledge that tau spreads through defined synaptic circuits, it is currently unknown whether synapse loss occurs before the accumulation of tau or as a consequence. To address this, array tomography was used to examine a mouse model in which mutant P301L human tau is expressed primarily in the entorhinal cortex (rTgTauEC). It has previously been shown that rTgTauEC mice exhibit neuronal loss in the entorhinal cortex and synapse density loss in the middle molecular layer (MML) of the dentate gyrus at 24 months of age. The density of tau-expressing and total presynapses, and the spread of tau into the postsynapse in the MML of 3-6, 9, and 18 month old mice were examined. No loss of synapse density was observed in the MML up to 18 months of age, even in axons expressing tau. Despite the maintenance of synapse density, we see spread of human tau from presynaptic terminals to postsynaptic compartments in the MML at very early ages. This indicates that the spread of tau through neural circuits is not due to the degeneration of axon terminals and is an early feature of the disease process. Following examination of both synaptic amyloid-beta and tau in separate models, this thesis then examined how these two proteins may be synergistically working together to drive synaptic pathology. To investigate this a novel mouse model was used in which amyloid-beta deposits are present in combination with non-mutated human tau expression (APP/PS1 + hTau). These results suggested that the addition of human tau expression does not increase plaque associated synapse loss, neither does it increase the proportion of synapses colocalising with amyloid-beta. Similarly the presence of human tau at individual postsynapses was not enhanced in the presence of oligomeric Aβ. Surprisingly, intact long-term recognition memory was observed in APP/PS1 + hTau mice. However a hyperactive phenotype was detected in these mice that could be prevented upon tau suppression. This suggests a synergistic relationship may exist in the presentation of this phenotype. Finally in the last part of this thesis, synapses from post-mortem human Alzheimer's disease and age-matched controls were investigated. It has previously been suggested that both amyloid-beta and tau can interfere with mitochondrial transport to the synapse and mitochondrial function. For this reason the presence of synaptic mitochondria at both the presynapse and postsynapse was determined in order to investigate any alteration in the diseased state. A reduction in the proportion of presynapses with multiple mitochondria present was detected in anterior/posterior transverse temporal cortex (BA41/42). This was not observed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46), suggesting either a selective vulnerability of the former brain region or a selective resistance of the latter brain region, to mitochondrial depletion at the synapse. The findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that when investigated in isolation, pathological forms of amyloid-beta are present at a subset of synapses where they may contribute to toxicity, whilst the spread of tau protein is an early feature of the disease process and occurs prior to overt synapse loss. This thesis also explores the proposed synergistic relationship between amyloid-beta and tau using a novel mouse model and human post-mortem brain tissue. Since these two proteins both have been implicated in synaptic dysfunction, investigating Aβ and tau in new mouse models and human brain tissue will be instrumental in furthering our understanding of mechanisms and features of synaptotoxicity that could be important therapeutic targets.
19

Simulation et calcul des modes thermo-acoustiques des chambres de combustion aéronautiques / Computation and simulation of thermoacoustic modes in aeronautical combustion chambers

Gullaud, Elsa 01 December 2010 (has links)
Devant la nécessité de diminuer les émissions polluantes du secteur du transport, les constructeurs de moteurs d'avion se sont tournés vers l'utilisation de régimes pauvres prémélangés. Ces régimes ont pour avantage de diminuer la production de NOx mais l'inconvénient de favoriser les instabilités de combustion dans les moteurs. La simulation numérique (LES (Large Eddy Simulation) et solveurs de Helmholtz par exemple) a fait ses preuves en matière de de prédiction des instabilités au stade de la conception des moteurs. Pour aller vers plus de précision, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les détails géométriques des chambres. Les chambres de combustion sont équipées de plaques multiperforées dans le but d'assurer leur refroidissement. Ces plaques sont constituées d'orifices de diamètre inférieur au millimètre, il est donc impossible de les mailler. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'être capable de prendre en compte les plaques multiperforées dans le calcul des modes acoustiques d'une chambre de combustion. Les plaques sont donc remplacées par un modèle homogène développé par Howe en 1979. Ce modèle simule le comportement d'une plaque multiperforée soumise à une excitation acoustique sous certaines hypothèses. Ce modèle se présente sous la forme d'une impédance acoustique. Il est bien adapté pour être codé dans un solveur de Helmholtz. Le modèle de Howe a été développé dans le cas où les plaques multiperforées sont à l'interface entre deux fluides froids. Le modèle est adapté pour prendre en compte le saut de température entre le contournement et la chambre de combustion. Le codage est ensuite validé en comparant les résultats numériques obtenus avec une résolution analytique sur des configurations simples. Ces premiers résultats sur des cas simples permettent de mettre en évidence le comportement acoustique des plaques multiperforées. Elles ont pour effet d'amortir les modes acoustiques mais l'amortissement dépend des paramètres géométriques des plaques et de la vitesse de l'écoulement traversant les orifices. L'étude des instabilités est ensuite appréhendée par une approche de bilans énergétiques. Les chambres industrielles étant équipées de plusieurs paires de plaques multiperforées, il est intéressant de déterminer quelles plaques sont les plus efficaces. Un bilan d'énergie acoustique permet de calculer le pourcentage effectif d'amortissement auquel contribue chaque plaque. En présence d'une flamme, l'approche par bilans permet d'évaluer la contribution des plaques et de la flamme à l'amortissement ou l'amplification d'une instabilité. Une chambre industrielle équipant un hélicoptère de la société Turbomeca est calculée en utilisant les outils développés dans la thèse. Le calcul du bilan d'énergie en présence d'une flamme et des plaques multiperforées permet de déterminer la stabilité des modes de cette chambre et les éléments responsables de l'évolution de l'instabilité. L'ensemble de ces travaux a été financé par la SNECMA et le modèle pour les plaques multiperforées a été implémenté dans le solveur de Helmholtz AVSP, propriété CERFACS-SNECMA. / Aeronautical engine constructors are using lean premixed regimes to deal with the necessity to cut down pollutant emissions. These regimes indeed help to prevent the emission of NOx but trigger on the other hand combustion instabilities. Numerical simulation (which can consist of LES or Helmholtz solvers for example) has proven to be a usefool tool to predict these instabilities at the design stage. Acoustic modes can be well predicted only if geometrical details are taken into account. Multiperforated plates which equip combustion chambers with the purpose of cooling the inner walls must for instance be taken into account in a numerical calculation. These plates consist of several apertures with a diameter smaller than 1 millimeter, which makes their meshing impossible. The objective of this thesis is to take into account perforated plates in the numerical simulation of the acoustics of combustion chambers. The homogeneous model for the acoust ic behaviour of a perforated plate derived by Howe in 1979 is used. Provided some hypotheses, this model can predict the acoustic behaviour of a plate under an acoustic excitation. Howe's model, derived in an incompressible flow, is here adapted to be used in the case where the perforated plate in located between the casing (cold air) of a combustion chamber and the inner chamber (filled with a hot mixture). The model is well suited to be implemented in an existing 3D Helmholtz solver, because it appears under the form of an impedance. The coding is validated by comparing numerical results to analytical results on simple geometries. First results allow to show the damping behaviour of perforated plates and its dependance to geometric parameters or the speed of the incoming flow though the apertures.Acoustic instabilities can also be apprehended with an acoustic energy approach. Since industrial chambers are equipped with several pairs of multiperforated plates, it is interesting to show which of them are the most efficient at damping purposes. An acoustic energy budget allows to predict the percentage of the total damping a particular plate is responsible for. In the presence of a flame, the acoustic energy budget can also give information on the contribution of the flame on the triggering or damping of the instability.An industrial chamber designed by Turbomeca for a helicopter is computed. The acoustic energy budget on a computation taking into account the active flame and the multiperforated plates allows to predict the stability of the modes of the chamber. The elements responsible for the behaviour of the instability can be identified. This work has been funded by SNECMA and the code used to implement the model is AVSP, it co-belongs to CERFACS and SNECMA.
20

Mechanisms of progression of native coronary artery disease : a pathology study

Mann, Jessica Maria January 1996 (has links)
No description available.

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