The diploma thesis is focused on the study of low-temperature plasma by methods of computational physics, namely particle modelling. The solution focuses on the time- effective execution of simulations, which is concerned, among the other things, with the use of parallelization techniques aimed at maximize shortening of the calculation time. The Langmuir probe was chosen as the most common representative of the probe diagnostics. The main goal of this work was to observe plasma interaction with the embedded solid. Current research on plasma modelling intensively explores dynamic phenomena such as wave propagation or turbulence and instability. For this reason, much of the work is devoted to the dynamics in electropositive and electronegative plasma.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Radka Vaňková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martin Beránek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Influence of Carrier Molecule Addition on Plasma Free Circulating Nucleic Acid Extraction Outline: The aim of this thesis was to compare the yields of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from blood plasma specimens with the addition of commercially available carrier molecules. According to the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results, we chose the most optimal carrier molecules for routine isolation of cfDNA from blood plasma samples. Methods: cfDNA was isolated from aliquots of a pooled blood plasma by spin column extraction method NucleoSpin Plasma XS (Macherey-Nagel). We used 7 different types of carrier molecules as RNA carrier (Qiagen), Glycogen (Invitrogen), Poly (A) Polyadenylic acid (Roche), Linear Acrylamide (Invitrogen), Yeast transfer RNA (Ambion), Salmon sperm DNA (Invitrogen), Herring sperm DNA (Promega). After the extraction, plasmatic DNA with the addition of carrier molecules was quantified by spectrophotometry, fluorimetry and qPCR. Results: The best results were achieved with the addition of polyadenylic acid with final concentration of 1.55 μg/ml. The addition of carrier RNA and...

This masters’s thesis contains literary research about basic shaping methods of ceramic materials concerning the slip casting method. In addition, stabilization of ceramic slips, drying of ceramic green bodies and their subsequent sintering are described. This thesis also includes a description of plasma technology, including DCBD (Diffuse Coplanar Barrier Discharge) technology. In experimental part of this thesis the Al2O3 powder was treated with DCBD technology. From the prepared powder, the green body was prepared by the slip casting method, which was subsequently sintered by one-step and two-step sintering. The thesis describes the methods of preparation of ceramic samples and their evaluation. Evaluated experiments have shown that plasma technology has a positive effect on the treatment of ceramic powder Al2O3. Alumina ceramic samples of high relative density ( 99%) and low grain size (

Theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to the theoretical basis of electric conduction phenomena in fluids and method of calculation of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. In the experimental part, computational modules have been developed to complement and augment the use of commercial simulation programs for simulation in the field of magnetohydrodynamics. On practical examples of mass spectrometer simulation, Einzel lens, electron movement and electric circuit breaker, the functionality of the computational models and the correctness of the obtained results were documented. Created computational modules can be used to design and optimize products using magnetohydrodynamic phenomena.

The thesis deals with plasma overlay welding of cobalt alloys. In the theoretical part of the thesis, suitable cobalt alloys for plasma overlay welding were described, out of which cobalt alloy Stellite 21, was chosen for overlay welding for particular part. Subsequently, the plasma overlay welding machine PPC 250 PTM and the torch PHP 250 S, used in the practical part, were described. In the practical part were debug overlay welding parameters and suggest the suitable overlay welding procedure for particular part.

This master thesis is focused on description and research of electromagnetic waves in plasma state. Some simple cases of no-loss mode distribution of electromagnetic waves in plasma are known, for example around the coaxial cable. In other words, the properties of superconducting state in materials are shown. This view of plasma properties can significantly help to clarify observed phenomena in experimental plasma research or to outline new trends in plasma usage in this mode. The introduction and the theoretical parts describe the known theory related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a non-homogeneous or anisotropic environment, in the next parts of the thesis the mathematical model of the solved problem of wave propagation in plasma is mentioned and the design and realization of the experiment is followed. The model includes processing of Maxwell's reduced equations in Haeviside notation for the state of matter referred to as plasma, the design of a model for numerical modeling and analysis, and the design of a simple experiment to verify numerically analyzed results.

Polyoxazolines are class of polymers which are suitable for medical applications because they have many interesting properties. These polymers are characterized by antibacterial properties so they can stop bacterial colonization of medical devices and significantly reduce the risk of infection. Furthermore, polyoxazolines are interesting for good biocompatibility. Basic topic of this diploma work is preparation of oxazoline-based thin films by plasma polymerization. Thin films were prepared by plasma polymerization from 2-methyl-2-oxazoline vapors in a nitrogen atmosphere in a dielectric barrier discharge. During the deposition was increased the substrate temperature. Polyoxazoline films were analyzed by several diagnostic methods. Physical and chemical properties of thin films were studied by SEM, AFM, FTIR by measuring contact angles and nanoindentation method. The films were found to be homogeneous, hydrophilic and have a higher nitrogen content. Furthermore, films showed viscoelastic properties. Polyoxazoline films were subjected to antibacterial and biocompatibility tests and the result showed, that films have antibacterial properties and support of viability cells viability.

The object of study in present diploma thesis is the plasmachemical reduction of corrosion layers on copper. This process is based on reductive properties of low pressure hydrogen plasma. In this case three series of copper samples were prepared and corroded in different corrosion environments in order to create three kinds of artificial corrosion layers. In the first step the copper coupons were properly grinded in order to achieve a defined surface roughness. In the next step the coupons corroded for 12 days in vapours of three concentrated acids – HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4. SEM/EDX analysis was carried out in order to characterise the grown corrosion layers on copper coupons, which showed us the presence of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and sulphur in different chemical forms in corrosion layers. The most significant part of this work was the plasmachemical treatment of corroded copper samples. Pure hydrogen was used as a reaction gas under the pressure of about 200 Pa and 50scc/m flow rate. The discharge was generated in quartz-glass reactor by using RF generator under the different power and mode settings. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to detect the intensity of plasma radiation. The value of integral intensity of OH radicals represented quantitative ablation of oxygen from a corrosion layer. OH radicals were the main products of reaction between hydrogen radicals (from plasma) and oxygen in corrosion layer. Time of increasing of OH radicals intensity was different for coupons from different corrosion environment and was also related to used power of generator and mode. The process was finished when the OH radicals intensity decreased to 10% of reached maximum. Sample temperature was an important indicator of sample protection against metallographic changes. The analyses XRD and SEM/EDX on corroded and treatment samples were performed. The analyses show that the decrease of main corrosion agents as chlorine and oxygen was achieved by hydrogen plasma treatment. The corrosions as well as their removal are a very complex problem and the plasmachemical treatment of metal objects is an efficient method for the removal of corrosion layers as compared to conventional conservations methods mainly due to a significant reduction of treatment time.

This diploma thesis describes optimization of the experimental parameters for Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of plant samples. First part deals with the theoretical method of LIBS and explains the principles and terms. In the next part there is described device which was used for measurements. Main part of diploma thesis describes creation of program for measurement-automation. Main task of program was to solve the connection of autofocus on the sample with the sample automatic movement. Furthermore are described and elaborated specific measurements for optimization of the experimental parameters for Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of plant samples.

The thermal parting by plasma is progressive technology of material cutting. There is a new method based on the plasma stabilization by the steam, beyond common systems with gas stabilization. The potentialities of cutting by steam stabilized plasma are tested and the results are compared with regular gas plasma in this diploma thesis.