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Desenvolvimento de célula Pockels na topologia reflexiva aplicada a TP óptico de alta tensão. / Pockels cell development in topology reflective applied high voltage optical TP.Rubini Junior, Jonas 26 January 2016 (has links)
O trabalho aborda o estudo e o desenvolvimento de um interferômetro sensor de alta tensão, baseado em célula Pockels (modulador eletro-óptico) na topologia reflexiva (\"double pass\") e que é parte integrante de um Transformador de Potencial Óptico (TPO), que utiliza sistema interferométrico de luz branca (WLI-White Light Interferometry), que está sendo desenvolvido pelo grupo do Laboratório de Sensores Ópticos (LSO) do PEA-EPUSP, e é capaz de medir diretamente tensões presentes em sistema elétrico de potência (SEP) classe 69kVRMS. Para desenvolver o tema proposto foi feita uma revisão da literatura baseada em livros, artigos e teses para identificar topologias em moduladores eletro-ópticos transmissiva (\"single pass\") e reflexiva (\"double pass\") para definir o tipo de modulador mais adequado para a aplicação em questão. A partir dos estudos e implementações realizadas, verificou-se um enorme potencial para o desenvolvimento e aplicação da topologia \"double pass\" no sensor interferométrico da célula de alta tensão do TPO. A topologia mostrou-se vantajosa em relação aos protótipos dos TPOs desenvolvidos anteriormente, a partir de características tais como: a facilidade de recurso de alinhamento do feixe de luz, construção e reprodução relacionados ao cristal eletro-óptico, diminuição do número de componentes ópticos volumétricos e aumento da rigidez dielétrica da célula sensora. Simulações computacionais foram realizadas mediante a aplicação do método dos elementos finitos (MEF) que contribuíram para o auxílio do projeto da célula sensora, particularmente, para estimativa do valor da voltagem de meia onda, V?, parâmetro importante para o projeto do TPO. Um protótipo do TPO com célula sensora de alta tensão reflexiva foi implementado e testado no laboratório de alta tensão do IEEUSP a partir de ensaios com tensões nominais de 69kVrms a 60Hz e máxima de 140kVrms a 60 Hz. Como resultado deste trabalho, amplia-se o conhecimento e domínio das técnicas de construção de interferômetros sensores de alta tensão na topologia reflexiva aplicadas a TPOs. / This work describes the study and development of a high-voltage interferometer sensor based on Pockels cell (electro-optical modulator) in the reflective topology (double pass), which is part of an optical potential transformer (OPT) using a white light interferometry system (WLI) being developed by the Optical Sensors Laboratory (LSO) group from PEA-EPUSP, which is able to directly measure power electrical system (PES) voltages for the 69kVrms class. To develop the work, a bibliographic review was made on books, papers and theses in order to identify electro-optical modulators related to transmissive (single pass) and reflective (double pass) topologies aiming at defining the most appropriate modulator type for the present application. From the studies and implementations performed, it was realized that there is a huge potential for the development and application of \'double pass\' topology in the OPT high-voltage interferometric sensor. This topology showed to be advantageous compared to previously developed OPT prototypes for characteristics such as: ease of beam alignment feature, construction and reproduction related to the electro optical crystals, decrease of volumetric optical components number and increase of the sensor cell dielectric strength. Computer simulations were performed by applying the Finite Element Method (FEM) that contributed to the sensor cell design, particularly in estimating the half-wave voltage value, V?. The OPT with the reflective high-voltage sensing cell was implemented and tested at the high voltage laboratory of IEE-USP for the 69kVrms at 60Hz nominal voltage and the 140kVrms at 60Hz maximum voltage. As a result of this work, nationwide expertise over the techniques of construction of high-voltage interferometer sensors in reflective topology applied to OPTs was achieved and knowledge was broadened.
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Desenvolvimento de célula Pockels na topologia reflexiva aplicada a TP óptico de alta tensão. / Pockels cell development in topology reflective applied high voltage optical TP.Jonas Rubini Junior 26 January 2016 (has links)
O trabalho aborda o estudo e o desenvolvimento de um interferômetro sensor de alta tensão, baseado em célula Pockels (modulador eletro-óptico) na topologia reflexiva (\"double pass\") e que é parte integrante de um Transformador de Potencial Óptico (TPO), que utiliza sistema interferométrico de luz branca (WLI-White Light Interferometry), que está sendo desenvolvido pelo grupo do Laboratório de Sensores Ópticos (LSO) do PEA-EPUSP, e é capaz de medir diretamente tensões presentes em sistema elétrico de potência (SEP) classe 69kVRMS. Para desenvolver o tema proposto foi feita uma revisão da literatura baseada em livros, artigos e teses para identificar topologias em moduladores eletro-ópticos transmissiva (\"single pass\") e reflexiva (\"double pass\") para definir o tipo de modulador mais adequado para a aplicação em questão. A partir dos estudos e implementações realizadas, verificou-se um enorme potencial para o desenvolvimento e aplicação da topologia \"double pass\" no sensor interferométrico da célula de alta tensão do TPO. A topologia mostrou-se vantajosa em relação aos protótipos dos TPOs desenvolvidos anteriormente, a partir de características tais como: a facilidade de recurso de alinhamento do feixe de luz, construção e reprodução relacionados ao cristal eletro-óptico, diminuição do número de componentes ópticos volumétricos e aumento da rigidez dielétrica da célula sensora. Simulações computacionais foram realizadas mediante a aplicação do método dos elementos finitos (MEF) que contribuíram para o auxílio do projeto da célula sensora, particularmente, para estimativa do valor da voltagem de meia onda, V?, parâmetro importante para o projeto do TPO. Um protótipo do TPO com célula sensora de alta tensão reflexiva foi implementado e testado no laboratório de alta tensão do IEEUSP a partir de ensaios com tensões nominais de 69kVrms a 60Hz e máxima de 140kVrms a 60 Hz. Como resultado deste trabalho, amplia-se o conhecimento e domínio das técnicas de construção de interferômetros sensores de alta tensão na topologia reflexiva aplicadas a TPOs. / This work describes the study and development of a high-voltage interferometer sensor based on Pockels cell (electro-optical modulator) in the reflective topology (double pass), which is part of an optical potential transformer (OPT) using a white light interferometry system (WLI) being developed by the Optical Sensors Laboratory (LSO) group from PEA-EPUSP, which is able to directly measure power electrical system (PES) voltages for the 69kVrms class. To develop the work, a bibliographic review was made on books, papers and theses in order to identify electro-optical modulators related to transmissive (single pass) and reflective (double pass) topologies aiming at defining the most appropriate modulator type for the present application. From the studies and implementations performed, it was realized that there is a huge potential for the development and application of \'double pass\' topology in the OPT high-voltage interferometric sensor. This topology showed to be advantageous compared to previously developed OPT prototypes for characteristics such as: ease of beam alignment feature, construction and reproduction related to the electro optical crystals, decrease of volumetric optical components number and increase of the sensor cell dielectric strength. Computer simulations were performed by applying the Finite Element Method (FEM) that contributed to the sensor cell design, particularly in estimating the half-wave voltage value, V?. The OPT with the reflective high-voltage sensing cell was implemented and tested at the high voltage laboratory of IEE-USP for the 69kVrms at 60Hz nominal voltage and the 140kVrms at 60Hz maximum voltage. As a result of this work, nationwide expertise over the techniques of construction of high-voltage interferometer sensors in reflective topology applied to OPTs was achieved and knowledge was broadened.
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Thermographie et mesures de concentrations multi-espèces par diffusion Raman spontanée pour la combustion turbulente / Thermography and multi-species concentrations measurements by spontaneous Raman scattering for turbulent combustionAjrouche, Hassan 08 July 2016 (has links)
Les diagnostics lasers ont prouvé leur potentiel pour l'analyse des écoulements et des phénomènes de combustion par la mesure de champs de vitesses, de concentration d'espèces et de température. La diffusion Raman spontanée (DRS) est une des rares méthodes permettant de mesurer la température et la concentration de manière in-situ avec la possibilité de sonder plusieurs espèces simultanément. L'analyse des flammes turbulentes par DRS est difficile en raison de la nécessité de mesures mono-coup avec de fortes résolutions spatiales et temporelles et de la présence de lumière parasite. L'originalité de notre nouveau dispositif de mesure réside dans l'utilisation d'un obturateur électro-optique à base de cellule de Pockels (OCP), permettant d'éliminer les lumières non polarisées de fond de flamme, compatible avec une mesure 1D. Une réduction significative de l'émission de flamme et une amélioration du rapport signal sur bruit des espèces Raman actives ont été obtenues. La capacité de la DRS en tant que méthode de thermométrie mono-coup a été testée avec succès dans le cas d'une flamme de prémélange et de diffusion laminaire fuligineuse. L'écart relatif entre les températures moyennes mesurées dans les gaz brûlés et celles données par la modélisation de flamme est inférieur à 1 %. L'analyse de la thermométrie Raman à basse température a montré qu'une meilleure précision était obtenue avec la modélisation de 02 comparée à celle N2. Par la suite, le potentiel de la DRS à fournir des mesures simultanées de concentrations instantanées de N2, 02 et CO dans les flammes a été validé. Une évaluation des performances de différents détecteurs CCD accompagnés de l'OCP a également été réalisée. Les résultats obtenus avec la BI-CCD et la BI-EMCCD pour la température, le gradient de température et la forte densité sont en bon accord avec les calculs laminaires 1D de flamme adiabatique fournis par COSILAB. La BI-EMCCD a montré qu'elle est le détecteur le plus sensible pour la détection des espèces à faibles concentrations comme le CO. Enfin, des mesures par DRS ont été obtenues dans une flamme-jet de diffusion turbulente, en présence des suies illustrant le potentiel de cette technique pour construire une base de données importante pour la modélisation numérique des flammes / Laser diagnostics have been proven to be an indispensable tool to analyze the flow and combustion phenomena by allowing non-intrusive measurements of the velocity field, concentration and temperature. Spontaneous Raman Scattering (SRS) is one of the few methods providing simultaneously in-situ temperature and multi-species concentrations. Measurement in turbulent flames by SRS is still challenging due to the emission background and the requirement of single-shot measurements with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The originality of the present approach consists in use of a large aperture Pockels cell based electro-optical shutter (PCS), that allows removing unpolarised background flame emission and compatible with a 1D measurement. A significant reduction of flame emission was observed and consequently signal to noise ratio was enhanced. The ability of SRS in terms of thermometric single-shot method was demonstrated successfully in premixed laminar flames and sooty laminar diffusion flames. The measured temperature in burnt gases and those calculated by adiabatic flame modelling was within 1 %. Thermometric Raman analysis for low temperatures demonstrates the reliability of measurements, with a better accuracy for 02 compared to N2. Subsequently, the ability of SRS technique to simultaneously measure instantaneous concentrations of N2, 02 and CO was demonstrated. The ability to measure single-shot scalar values accurately is assessed by comparing different CCD detectors with the PCS. The results obtained from the BI-CCD and the BI-EMCCD concerning temperature, temperature gradient and high density were in good agreement with the COSILAB calculation for 1D laminar adiabatic flame. The BI-EMCCD observed to be the most sensitive in detecting low concentration elements like CO. Finally, SRS technique was applied to a turbulent sooting jet flame, illustrating the potentiel of this technique to build an important database for flame modelling
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