RF fingerprinting can solve the indoor positioning problem with satisfactory accuracy, but the methodology depends on the so-called radio map calibrated in the offline phase via manual site-survey, which is costly, time-consuming and somewhat error-prone. It also assumes the RF fingerprint’s signal-spatial correlations to remain static throughout the online positioning phase, which generally does not hold in practice. This is because indoor environments constantly experience dynamic changes, causing the radio signal strengths to fluctuate over time, which weakens the signal-spatial correlations of the RF fingerprints. State-of-the-arts have proposed adaptive RF fingerprint methodology capable of calibrating the radio map in real-time and on-demand to address these drawbacks. However, existing implementations are highly server-centric, which is less robust, does not scale well, and not privacy-friendly. This thesis aims to address these drawbacks by exploring the feasibility of implementing an adaptive RF fingerprint indoor positioning system in a distributed and client-centric architecture using only commodity Wi-Fi hardware, so it can seamlessly integrate with existing Wi-Fi network and allow it to offer both networking and positioning services. Such approach has not been explored in previous works, which forms the basis of this thesis’ main contribution. The proposed methodology utilizes a network of distributed location beacons as its reference infrastructure; hence the system is more robust since it does not have any single point-of-failure. Each location beacon periodically broadcasts its coordinate to announce its presence in the area, plus coefficients that model its real-time RSS distribution around the transmitting antenna. These coefficients are constantly self-calibrated by the location beacon using empirical RSS measurements obtained from neighbouring location beacons in a collaborative fashion, and fitting the values using path loss with log-normal shadowing model as a function of inter-beacon distances while minimizing the error in a least-squared sense. By self-modelling its RSS distribution in real-time, the location beacon becomes aware of its dynamically fluctuating signal levels caused by physical, environmental and temporal characteristics of the indoor environment. The implementation of this self-modelling feature on commodity Wi-Fi hardware is another original contribution of this thesis. Location discovery is managed locally by the clients, which means the proposed system can support unlimited number of client devices simultaneously while also protect user’s privacy because no information is shared with external parties. It starts by listening for beacon frames broadcasted by nearby location beacons and measuring their RSS values to establish the RF fingerprint of the unknown point. Next, it simulates the reference RF fingerprints of predetermined points inside the target area, effectively calibrating the site’s radio map, by computing the RSS values of all detected location beacons using their respective coordinates and path loss coefficients embedded inside the received beacon frames. Note that the coefficients model the real-time RSS distribution of each location beacon around its transmitting antenna; hence, the radio map is able to adapt itself to the dynamic fluctuations of the radio signal to maintain its signal-spatial correlations. The final step is to search the radio map to find the reference RF fingerprint that most closely resembles the unknown sample, where its coordinate is returned as the location result. One positioning approach would be to first construct a full radio map by computing the RSS of all detected location beacons at all predetermined calibration points, then followed by an exhaustive search over all reference RF fingerprints to find the best match. Generally, RF fingerprint algorithm performs better with higher number of calibration points per unit area since more locations can be classified, while extra RSS components can help to better distinguish between nearby calibration points. However, to calibrate and search many RF fingerprints will incur substantial computing costs, which is unsuitable for power and resource limited client devices. To address this challenge, this thesis introduces a novel algorithm suitable for client-centric positioning as another contribution. Given an unknown RF fingerprint to solve for location, the proposed algorithm first sorts the RSS in descending order. It then iterates over this list, first selecting the location beacon with the strongest RSS because this implies the unknown location is closest to the said location beacon. Next, it computes the beacon’s RSS using its path loss coefficients and coordinate information one calibration point at a time while simultaneously compares the result with the measured value. If they are similar, the algorithm keeps this location for subsequent processing; else it is removed because distant points relative to the unknown location would exhibit vastly different RSS values due to the different site-specific obstructions encountered by the radio signal propagation. The algorithm repeats the process by selecting the next strongest location beacon, but this time it only computes its RSS for those points identified in the previous iteration. After the last iteration completes, the average coordinate of remaining calibration points is returned as the location result. Matlab simulation shows the proposed algorithm only takes about half of the time to produce a location estimate with similar positioning accuracy compared to conventional algorithm that does a full radio map calibration and exhaustive RF fingerprint search. As part of the thesis’ contribution, a prototype of the proposed indoor positioning system is developed using only commodity Wi-Fi hardware and open-source software to evaluate its usability in real-world settings and to demonstrate possible implementation on existing Wi-Fi installations. Experimental results verify the proposed system yields consistent positioning accuracy, even in highly dynamic indoor environments and changing location beacon topologies.

The non-linear Hartree-Fock (HF) equations are usually solved via the iterative self-consistent field method. However, there is no a priori guarantee of convergence, especially in systems with strong electron correlation where symmetry breaking occurs. This work focuses on closed- shell systems in the HF approximation and the (in)stability of the found solutions, and proposes new deterministic methods for the localization of both symmetry-adapted and broken symmetry solutions. We employ a perturbative method and show how one can always obtain a symmetry-adapted solution of the HF equations. We also determine the radius of convergence, related to the existence of at least one bound state, of the perturbative series. Next, we rederive the matrix of stability and adapt it to spin and orbital symmetry. Calculation of higher energy variations follows, first in terms of spin-orbitals and then orbitals. Motivated by the investigation of the structure of a broken-symmetry solution, we propose a new deterministic method for the localization of a broken-symmetry solution. The general expressions are verified by reformulating the stability conditions for simple cases. The proposed methods are successfully applied to helium-, beryllium- and neon-like systems.

研究背景：中醫針灸可以治療很多種類的疾病，其中最傳統的精華當屬治療“百邪癲狂”的孫思邈十三鬼穴，縱觀古代與現代文獻，多記載的是十三鬼穴的命名、主治功效、針灸方法與順序、臨床療效觀察、臨床運用經驗與體會，對於臨床組穴規律的探討尚不完善。研究目的：探討孫思遨十三鬼穴的臨床組穴規律。研究對象：古代文獻，包括《黃帝內經》、《干金方》（《備急千金要方》、《千金翼方》合訂本）、《針灸大全》、《針灸聚英》、《針灸大成》。現代文獻，來自於中國知網（ CNKI ）的中國學術期刊（網絡版）。研究方法：先對古代文獻進行回顧與分析，比較各文獻中十三鬼穴名稱、位置、針灸方法的異同﹔再對孫思邈十三鬼穴進行逐一具體研究，包括首載出處、穴名解釋、現代定位、穴位主治以及針灸方法﹔然後對現代文獻進行回顧與分析，歸納出十三鬼穴的治病機理﹔最後探討孫思邈十三鬼穴的臨床組穴規律。研究結果：從古代文獻中明確了不同版本十三鬼穴的區別，對於十三鬼穴各個穴位有了全面認識。從現代文獻中認識到孫思邈十三鬼穴主要治療神志疾病和急症，且十三鬼穴根本作用是開竅醒神，還能平衡陰陽、調節氣血、寧心安神。結論：十三鬼穴臨床組穴規律：1. 神志疾病的臨床組穴規律：主穴取人中穴、風府穴、上星穴，癲狂病加少商穴、隱白穴，其中癲病再加大陵穴，狂病再加勞宮穴、海泉穴。癲癎白天發作加申脈穴，晚上發作加照海穴。伴隨有口禁不語加頰車穴，上肢不利加曲池穴，下肢不利加申脈穴。2. 急症的臨床組穴規律：主穴取人中穴、承漿穴、風府穴、上星穴、大陵穴、會陰穴，熱盛神昏加曲池穴，痰厥加少商穴、隱白穴，上肢受傷加曲池穴、勞宮穴，下肢受傷加申脈穴。關鍵字：孫思邈十三鬼穴組穴規律文獻研究

By the re-evaluation of one specific artefact class - the Scottish examples of tanged points, the intrinsic qualities of this artefacts form, context and is use is employed to establish an enhanced sense of regional variability within early Scottish archaeology. A methodology for tanged point identification is determined and enacted to demonstrate that the existing examples of Scottish tanged points do not represent a single, coherent, tanged point tradition in this region. Variability is evident and can be translated, in terms of human behaviour, to suggest at least three separate antecedents to early activity in Scotland. Of specific focus is a hitherto unrecognized line of activity (or influence) during the Mesolithic - one originating from areas to the north/north-east of Scotland from the modern political construct of Scandinavia. In this spatial context, tanged point use extends into the Mesolithic, unlike counterparts in the northern territories of the European continent where tanged points are primarily discussed as late Palaeolithic, and to which Scottish tanged points have been traditionally compared. This 'northern' scenario thus provides an alternative reading of some examples of this material class in Scotland. The juxtaposition between marine and terrestrial lifestyles is key to this analysis. Acknowledging this in relation to a select sample of Scottish tanged points – those within the island context of Stronsay, a northern isle in the archipelago of Orkney, this specific set of tanged points is argued to comprise a new component within the tool kit of Mesolithic activity within this regionally specific context. The implications of this permits a more pluralised perspective of the nature and extents of early activity in Scotland, and a documents the significance of regional variability to understanding the range of potential influences, and identities, that may have enculturated the landscapes of Scotland during its earliest phases of prehistory.

Points-to analysis is a static program analysis which computes possible reference relations between different parts of a program. It serves as input to many high-level analyses. Points-to analyses differ, among others, in flow- and context-sensitivity, program representation, and object abstraction. Most program representations used for points-to analysis are sparse representations which abstract from, e.g., primitive data types and intra-procedural control-flow. Thus, a certain degree of information is sacrificed for compact program representation, which results in scalable performance. In this thesis, we present a framework which allows building different versions of Points-to SSA (P2SSA), a sparse, Memory SSA based program representation. Distinct instantiations of P2SSA contain different levels of abstraction from a program's full representation. We present another framework which allows running Points-to analyses on these program representations. We use these two frameworks to instantiate different versions of P2SSA and compare them in terms of analysis precision and execution time.

Orientador: Antonio Manoel Mansanares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_VagnerLuizda_M.pdf: 2632810 bytes, checksum: 349b270849e09c9dfcac5d7edfeefa03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os vidros dopados com semicondutores são objeto de grande interesse como materiais ópticos não lineares e estudos intensivos acerca dos efeitos de confinamento quântico e não linearidade ótica tem sido realizados. Apesar do grande interesse nas propriedades óticas desses materiais, os dados térmicos e opto-térmicos são ainda escassos e raros. Neste trabalho utilizamos a espectroscopia de lente térmica na configuração de modo descasado para determinar a difusividade térmica e o comportamento do coeficiente de temperatura do índice de refração dn/dT em amostras de vidros de borossilicato dopados com CdTe. As amostras estudadas foram vidros tratados termicamente a 540oC para períodos de 20, 65, 150, 255, 300, 360 e 480 min. Também foram realizados espectros fotoacústicos com estas amostras. Para os espectros fotoacústicos notamos que as amostras tratadas para 20 e 65 min são quase transparentes na faixa do visível, apresentando banda de absorção no ultra-violeta, característica de dielétricos tais como esses vidros. Para amostras tratadas a 150 min ou mais, aparece uma banda de absorção adicional no visível, e que se desloca para comprimentos de onda mais longos com o tempo de tratamento. Esta banda é consequência dos efeitos de confinamento quântico do elétron, associado à existência de nanocristais de CdTe no vidro. Os resultados de lente térmica mostraram os valores de difusividade térmica encontrados em função do tratamento térmico das amostras. Estes valores são próximos à difusividade térmica de vidros de borossilicato relatados na literatura e mostram uma diminuição pequena do parâmetro térmico para amostras tratadas para longos períodos. Este efeito pode ser causado pela perturbação na propagação de calor introduzida pelos pontos quânticos. O comportamento de dn/dT (em 632,8 nm) obtido das medidas de Lente Térmica, devidamente normalizados pelo Sinal Fotoacústico, mostrou clara correlação com a evolução das bandas de absorção em função da temperatura de tratamento, indicando que o efeito da modulação térmica se dá principalmente através do deslocamento da banda de absorção / Abstract: Glasses doped with semiconductors are of great interest as non-linear optical materials, and intensive studies on quantum confinement and non-linear optics in these structures have been carried out. Despite the importance of their optical properties, thermal and opto-thermal properties are still not well characterized in these materials. In this work we used the thermal lens technique to determine the thermal diffusivity and the behavior of the temperature coefficient of the refractive index, dn/dT, in CdTe quantum dots borosilacate glasses. Samples annealed at 540oC for 20, 65, 150, 255, 300, 360 and 480 min were investigated. Optical absorption spectra were also determined using photoacoustic technique. The photoacoustic spectra for the samples treated for 20 and 65 min did not show signifficant absorption in the visible range, presenting only the well known UV band of glasses. The samples treated for 150 min and further presented an additional band in the visible, which shifts up to long wavelengths with annealing. This band arises in the quantum confinement in the CdTe nanocrystals dispersed in the glass matrix. Thermal lens measurements allowed the determination of the thermal diffusivity of the samples as a function of the thermal treatment. The found values are in good agreement with literature data for borosilicate glasses, and present a slight decrease for samples treated for long periods. This decrease can be related to the perturbation introduced by the CdTe aggregates in the heat propagation. Finally, the behavior of dn/dT (at 632,8 nm) obtained through thermal lens measurements showed a net correlation with the evolution of the absorption bands with thermal treatment. This indicates that the effect of the thermal modulation is dominated by the shift of the absorption band to longer wavelengths / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

M.Tech. / Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to demonstrate the effects of static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points in the treatment of those suffering from mechanical neck pain. Isolated spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine was compared to spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points using both objective and subjective measurements. Before the execution of this study, it was hypothesised that both treatment protocols would be effective in the treatment of mechanical neck pain, although the combined therapy would be more effective. Method: Patients were recruited by way of advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and their health clinic. Thirty patients with mechanical neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group one received manipulation to the affected joints of the cervical spine and group two received manipulation to the cervical spine combined with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points. Procedure: Each patient in each group attended six treatment sessions; three in the first week and three in the second week. The Vernon Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (subjective measurements) were completed by each patient and the Cervical Range of Motion instrument (objective measurements) was used to collect readings from each patient in both the control and experimental groups, subjective and objective measurements were taken before treatment one, three and six. Specific treatment protocols were then adhered to. Results: The results indicated that both treatment protocols were effective in reducing mechanical neck pain although not one group was more effective than VI the other. Both groups improved subjectively and objectively as they had cervical spinal manipulation directed at joint dysfunction. Conclusion: The experimental group who received spinal manipulative therapy to correct joint dysfunction in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points was not more effective than the control group who received spinal manipulation only, in the treatment of mechanical neck pain.

Static analysis on source code or binary code retrieves information about a software program. In object-oriented languages, static points-to analysis retrieves information about objects and how they refer to each other. The result of the points-to analysis is traditionally used to perform optimizations in compilers, such as static resolution of polymorphic calls, and dead-code elimination. More advanced optimizations have been suggested specifically for Java, such as synchronization removal and stack-allocation of objects. Recently, software engineering tools using points-to analysis have appeared aiming to help the developer to understand and to debug software. Altogether, there is a great variety of tools that use or could use points-to analysis, both from academia and from industry. We aim to construct a framework that supports the development of new and the improvement of existing clients to points-to analysis result. We present two client analyses and investigate the similarities and differences they have. The client analyses are the escape analysis and the side-effects analysis. The similarities refer to data structures and basic algorithms that both depend on. The differences are found in the way the two analyses use the data structures and the basic algorithms. In order to reuse these in a framework, a specification language is needed to reflect the differences. The client analyses are implemented, with shared data-structures and basic algorithms, but do not use a separate specification language. The framework is evaluated against three goal criteria, development speed, analysis precision, and analysis speed. The development speed is ranked as most important, and the two latter are considered equally important. Thereafter we present related work and discuss it with respect to the goal criteria. The evaluation of the framework is done in two separate experiments. The first experiment evaluates development speed and shows that the framework enables higher development speed compared to not using the framework. The second experiment evaluates the precision and the speed of the analyses and it shows that the different precisions in the points-to analysis are reflected in the precisions of the client analyses. It also shows that there is a trade-off between analysis precision and analysis speed to consider when choosing analysis precision. Finally, we discuss four alternative ways to continue the research towards a doctoral thesis.

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