The concept of investments in international agreements on investment protection The concept of an investment is one of the fundamental constructs in the international investment law, as it is crucial for determination of bilateral or multilateral investment protection treaties' scope of protection regarding particular economic activity of investors in the host state territory. The purpose of this thesis is to provide examples of possible solutions of the dichotomy in the apprehension of the investment concept and its interpretation in practice, in particular with regards to the decisions of arbitral tribunals. A historical analysis of understanding of the investment concept is provided together with its current and historical interpretations in bilateral and multilateral investment protection treaties; with an emphasis that at present, there is no uniform legal definition of the concept of an investment. An absence of such definition does not limit the flow of foreign investments or the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral investment protection treaties, which contain broad definitions of this concept. At the same time, it is possible to trace a tendency to determine objective elements common to all investments, while the primary inspiration is drawn from the economic science and its concept of...

The thesis focuses on a chapter from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, "The Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". Kant assumes two independent sources of knowledge, understanding and intuition. These sources need to be overcome, because of their heterogeneity. Schematism is closely related to "The Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". That is why the analysis of schemata is preceded by the analysis of this chapter. It shows a more detailed description of a role of intuition with respect to understanding. Firstly, the validity of the categories regarding whatever form of intuition is proved. Secondly, the proof of the validity of the categories regarding specific forms of time and space follows. The chapter on schematism deals with the specific methods by means of which the categories relate to intuition. Kant introduces transcendental schemata bridging the heterogeneity of understanding and intuition. The relation between category and schema is understood as one of analogy. The categories are rules of discursive type of unity of any kind of intuition, whereas schemata are determined as rules of perceptive unity of intuition. Intuition is brought under unity of apperception by means of schemata of imagination. Inseparable part of the thesis is the schematism of...

Legal concept of the term "a thing" is the key matter not only for civil law. The concept defines which things may be subjects to proprietary rights. Generally, there are two approaches in understanding of "a thing" de iure. The first approach is based on the narrow conception of things, which sees things as corporeal objects where only they may be objects of ownership. The second approach is based on the wide conception of things. Therefore, incorporeal things, claims, objects of intellectual property and other incorporeal things fall under the category of things. Nowadays, everything that is different from individuals and legal entities and serves the needs of people is undestanded to be a thing by the Civil Code. Compared to the Civil Code, Act. No. 40/1964 Coll, the new Civil Code favors the wide approach. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the development and the concept of the term "a thing" in our country not only in civil codes, but also in doctrine. The thesis is devided into four parts and mainly describes the very concept of things, the concept of corporeal and incorporeal, movable and immovable things and other terms closely related to things. The first part introduces historical development of the concept of things in our country. The second section is the key part and it focuses on the...

This thesis deals with the notion of conceptual thought as developed by the Czech philosopher, Ladislav Hejdánek, within the referential framework of Husserl's phenomenology. The aim of the thesis is to thoroughly reconstruct the points of departure and basic motifs of Hejdánek's concept, since the reflection of conceptual thought is one of the milestones of Hejdánek's critical thinking, which has not yet been systematically worked out by Hejdánek or anyone else. Hejdánek is interpreted here mainly in the context of Husserl's noematic theory of meaning, enabling us to view Hejdánek through the predicates of a philosophical mainstream as well as to explore some of the problematic points of Husserl's thought processes that are not usually noticed and which have been approached creatively by Hejdánek from an unexpected perspective. The first two chapters present a preliminary overview of Husserl's philosophy (from his Göttingen period in particular), drawing on in-depth research into Husserl's manuscripts carried out by Petr Urban. This overview is followed by four chapters that interpret Hejdánek's concept and finish with a summary, applying the concept of conceptual thought to the world of knowledge and placing the notion of conceptuality within Hejdánek's thought. The individual chapters discuss...

The diploma thesis consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to the expression `vase{\crq} and further to the shift of the word vase and different use of vases in the selected historical periods. It deals with the meaning of flowers in the selected historical periods. The second part follows, which deals with lily and daffodil and reasoning of choice of these flowers. This part describes concepts of design of vases for these cut flowers. Next it deals with typology of vases, rules for designing of vases and rules for drapery. The third part deals with practical fabrication of vases for lily and daffodil. It describes technique of vases manufacturing with help of plaster moulds, and complete procedure for their fabrication. Following appendixes document the development of design of vases.

The Concept of a Criminal Offence in the Czech Criminal Code Abstract The presented thesis deals with the matter of the concept and particularly of the conception of a criminal offence. Committing a criminal offence is an exclusive requirement for establishing criminal liability. Despite its significance for substantive and procedural criminal law, there are still both some academic and practical uncertainties concerning its conception in the criminal code in force. This thesis aims to thoroughly explore the conception of the criminal offence in the criminal code, starting from the basic theoretical questions, current legislation in force including its historical development and finally to highlight some legislative issues and its possible solutions through de lege ferenda proposals. The first chapter of this thesis concerns with the matter of defining basic concepts that the criminal offence is based on. It further deals with the theoretical models of conception and concept of the criminal offence that might be used by the legislator while creating the law and describes its strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, it deals with its combinations. The next part of the thesis focuses on how the legal regulation of the concept and conception of a criminal offence evolved in modern codes of criminal law in our...

The thesis deals with active vocabulary related to the perception of solid objects by 5-6- year-old children. The main objective of this thesis is to map which verbal expressions the children use when recognising, comparing and identifying solid objects, how they are able to cope with the deficit of the respective vocabulary, what details they notice most often in describing, identifying and comparing solid objects, or what is most easy for them and, by contrast, what they are not able to express in words. To meet this objective, an experiment method was applied. The experiment was conducted in two kindergartens according to the scenario prepared in advance, using a set of wooden solid objects, which the children were to identify, describe and compare. The contribution of the thesis consists in the fact that it addresses the topics related to pre- school age, which are not elaborated in more detail in the available literature.

The thesis deals with the legal definition of waste; it analyzes the meaning of the concept of waste in international, European and Czech legislation. The paper mentions the rich jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has significantly influenced the concept of waste in the Directive 2008/98/EC. The thesis also concerns with the Act. No. 185/2001 Coll., on waste, and with the concept of by-product and concept of end-of-waste status. The paper also shows the classification of waste in the Czech legislation and defines the categories of hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste and municipal waste.

The work deals with the families, which are looking after children with disabilities. It analyzes changes and also similarities which are possible on these home environments. This interpretation comes from definition of family, functions, educational styles, relationships and roles typical for families. This work then continues with the definition and specification of the hard living situation, which arises in these families from the first step (which means the first reactions after the information{\crq}s about disabilities of the child) through the following steps to the step of the reconciliation with the disability.

The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the nature and of the development of Brentano's theory of judgment. This description is followed by an introduction to the further development of Brentano's theory in the work of Brentano's most distinguished students Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938), Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), Anton Marty (1843-1914) and Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). The thesis is divided into five parts: The first part is dedicated to the explanation of Brentano's theory of judgment and starts with an interpretation of Brentano's two early books on Aristotle - On the several senses of Being in Aristotle (1862) and The Psychology of Aristotle (1867). The thesis presents Brentano's understanding of "being" in the sense of truth, his interpretation of the Aristotelian categories, his theory of parts and wholes, and his theory of intentionality and self-consciousness. Our interpretation then proceeds to Brentano's most known work, i.e. to Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874), and presents the basic concept of this book, the concept of psychical phenomena. The resulting classification of psychical phenomena into three kinds introduces judgments as a kind of psychical phenomenon whose main feature consists in existential affirmation or rejection of an intentional object....