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My thesis tells of the Cambodian refugee experience. It is based on the life stories of ten Cambodian refugees who presently live in Melbourne Australia. The stories that people told me were about their experiences of life before the Pol Pot regime, their survival of one of the twentieth century's totalitarian regimes, then their travel to and life in the Thai refugee camps and more recently their experiences of resettlement and life in Australia. My work explores the profound impact these life experiences had on Cambodian people and how they remembered and told stories about their past. Further, it considers how these experiences shaped the identities of survivors of the Pol Pot years. It is clear that the Cambodian refugee experience tells us that people can do the most terrible things to other people, but it is also clear that human beings can also survive almost any situation. In this regard my work shows that life is a most precious and fragile thing, but it also has an amazing strength and resilience.

Why does mass-violence happen at all? This paper takes the first steps to establish a model to answer this question and explain extreme mass-violence as a phenomenon. This paper seeks to fill a gap in the field of research, in which models exist to explain the phenomenon of violence, with cases of genocide being seen as problems or exceptions, and as such researched as individual cases rather than as part of a wider phenomenon. This paper uses a selected part of the writings of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer to establish the basis for a model to explain extreme-cases of mass-violence. The Five-Pillar Model includes 5 social elements - (1) Culture Industry (2) Mass-Media (3) Propaganda (4) Dehumanization (5) Ideological Awareness. When these pillars all reach a high enough level of severity, conditions enable elites to use scapegoating - to divert revolutionary attention to a specific puppet group, resulting in extreme mass-violence. The Five-Pillar Model is then used to analyze an empirical case - Cambodia 1975-1979 and shows how these pillars all existed in an extreme form in that case. This paper presents scapegoating as a possible explanation for the Cambodian case.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 83-92).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 83-92). Also available in print.

Denna uppsats kommer främst att handla om svenska dagstidningars bild och rapportering av Pol Pot-regimen och dess terror med utgångspunkt i Phnom Penhs fall i januari 1979. Undersökningen kommer huvudsakligen att behandla fyra svenska tidningar, alla med olika politisk inriktning, och undersöka hur dessa väljer sitt material samt hur detta vinklas för att spegla tidningens egna politiska agenda.

The purpose of this dissertation is to help explain how and why two revolutionary national leaders of Cambodia–Lon Nol and Pol Pot, particularly the latter–had spectacular failures and became pseudotransformational leaders. It aims to build a proposition or theory that revolutionary leaders in the public sector, particularly of undemocratic regimes, tend to become pseudotransformational leaders when a) they lack certain components of emotional intelligence (EI) and/or b) adopt certain leadership styles and use them inappropriately. The author used a mixed methods comparative case study with the quantitative method nested in the qualitative one. He collected empirical data from a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative individual interviews and other print and audio-visual data from various primary sources, including the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (E), as well as from secondary sources such as books and articles. The author administered the survey to a sample of over 400 Cambodian participants from different socio-economic and political backgrounds and sectors and conducted individual in-depth interviews with 38 participants selected from the sample. Overall, this study’s findings tend to support the proposed theory, albeit with some limitations. In the main, both Lon Nol and Pol Pot were coercive and authoritative leaders. Only Pol Pot was a pacesetting leader. Both leaders severely lacked emotional intelligence, especially the domain of self-awareness. This dissertation makes some contribution to the existing literature on leadership in general and bad leadership in particular and, more specifically, on the two leaders’ leadership qualities, in that it proposes a linkage between leadership ineffectiveness or failures and lack of emotional intelligence and improper use of leadership styles. The practical implications or lessons drawn from the dissertation include the following. First, a national leader’s distance or isolation from the masses can undermine her or his emotional intelligence and/or leadership effectiveness. Second, national/public interest should take precedence over the leader’s other interests and partisan politics. Third, a leadership team of friends or cronies is, more often than not, harmful to quality decision/policy making and administration because it tends to foster groupthink.

This diploma thesis at first analyzes the brutal regime in Cambodia beetween the years 1975-1979. The goal for the readers is briefly to describe this Khmer Rouge regime. It was inhuman and genocide regime which, after taking control of this land began to implement a huge social experiment. This experiment resulted into two milions deads. One half of the diseases, overwork and starvation, one half of the executions. The purpose of this big disaster was a attempt to put this southeast Asia land into self-sufficiency agriculture state. This situation was a work of a small group of people. The main of them was o Pol Pot. In the second part diploma describes a reflection of this regime in communist Czechoslovakia. This part is based on the research in newspapers of this era and research in archive of Ministry of external affairs. The regime in Czechoslovakia was a communist and very conform to foreign policy of the Soviet Union. So the articles in the communist press was not the official statepoint of Czechoslovak govement. At first the governement was a very happy of winning the new regime, because the previous Lon Nol's was very fixed to the United States. After the year 1976 the locals confrontations beetween Cambodia and Vietnam began. In this time carried on the clash beetween China and Soviet...

This diploma thesis at first analyzes the brutal regime in Cambodia beetween the years 1975-1979. The goal for the readers is briefly to describe this Khmer Rouge regime. It was inhuman and genocide regime which, after taking control of this land began to implement a huge social experiment. This experiment resulted into two milions deads. One half of the diseases, overwork and starvation, one half of the executions. The purpose of this big disaster was a attempt to put this southeast Asia land into self-sufficiency agriculture state. This situation was a work of a small group of people. The main of them was o Pol Pot. In the second part diploma describes a reflection of this regime in communist Czechoslovakia. This part is based on the research in newspapers of this era and research in archive of Ministry of external affairs. The regime in Czechoslovakia was a communist and very conform to foreign policy of the Soviet Union. So the articles in the communist press was not the official statepoint of Czechoslovak govement. At first the governement was a very happy of winning the new regime, because the previous Lon Nol's was very fixed to the United States. After the year 1976 the locals confrontations beetween Cambodia and Vietnam began. In this time carried on the clash beetween China and Soviet...