水資源保護區與國土開發利用，都是國家重要政策，但兩者在本質上會有衝突，限制水資源保護區的土地開發利用，對受限制區的經濟、產業發展有一定程度的負面影響，為了讓全國的水源區及保護區，都有公平的回饋，並且落實「使用者付費、限制者受益」的社會公平正義暨有效的水資源管理及違法取締，於民國九十三年六月十一日，立法院三讀通過「自來水法」第十二條之一修正。臺北水源特定區居民希望將現行由台北市自來水水費每度徵收兩毛錢做為協助地方建設經費之「協建經費」名稱改為「回饋金」，因為水源特定區內的地方建設項目，本來就是政府應該做的工作，目前的「協建經費」是把應拿來補償水源區居民受到權益限制及損失的回饋金，用來做政府本來應該做的地方建設，等於變相剝削了水源特定區居民的權益。而依照水利署對目前自來水法修正的解釋中說明，自來水法於九十三年六月修正通過後屆時將訂定施行細則，並在各地成立運用小組，可依各地方需求在保育費使用上，於社福、文化、教育、產業推廣、土地徵收補償等相關項目上各自訂立適當使用比例，而未來保育費的徵收，在施行細則中回饋金的徵收費率將是隨水費附徵百分之五到百分之十五，若以百分之五徵收比例計算，目前每年協建經費的金額約一億多元，而未來開徵的「水源保育與回饋費」預期可達目前金額一倍以上。而一旦「水源保育與回饋收費辦法」暨相關施行細則通過後，開徵後經費的使用，更需有效率的執行與管理與監督功能，才能落實水資源回饋金的功用，達到政府照顧臺北水源特定區內居民的美意。 臺北水源特定區協建經費政策於臺北水源特定區內實施，從民國八十七年第一期經費撥入至今的這段期間，協建經費使用的績效是否能達到當初政策目的，符合多元利益相關人的期待，值得做相關的研究與探討，期能透過此研究讓國人更瞭解協建經費之意涵及效益。

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt. / Title from e-book title screen (viewed Oct. 15, 2007). Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Frankfurt. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [245]-258).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Frankfurt. / Includes bibliographical references.

Bibliography: leaves 378-400. / x, 400 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Studies the development of national employment policy in wartime Australia. This experience encouraged the establishment of a centrally controlled employment service as a lynch pin of Australian federal government's post-war reconstruction policy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2000?

Bibliography: leaves 378-400. / x, 400 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Studies the development of national employment policy in wartime Australia. This experience encouraged the establishment of a centrally controlled employment service as a lynch pin of Australian federal government's post-war reconstruction policy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2000?

Bibliography: leaves 378-400. Studies the development of national employment policy in wartime Australia. This experience encouraged the establishment of a centrally controlled employment service as a lynch pin of Australian federal government's post-war reconstruction policy.

The concept of behavioural additionality, which was originally associated with the question of 'what difference does policy make in the behaviour of the firms it supports?', has increasingly been used by scholars, evaluators and policy-makers not only in the field of evaluation of innovation policies but also within the context of fundamental discussions of policy rationales. A survey of the evaluation literature concludes that the concept lacks a clear definition and theoretical background as it does not have a unit of analysis. An empirical analysis of the current practice of innovation policy evaluation endorses this finding and outlines the uniqueness of behavioural additionality in terms of its evaluation. A survey of policy discussions around the concept reveals that behavioural additionality has been argued as the hallmark of an evolutionary view in respect of innovation policy. However, the thesis suggests that the concept also lacks an appropriate framework of analysis to accomplish this.The thesis argues that behavioural additionality should be redefined by using the concept of organisational routines as the unit of analysis and the evolutionary approach as the framework of analysis. To this end, a theoretical and generic approach that conceives behavioural additionality as the government-influenced evolution of organisational routines at the micro, meso and macro levels is devised. The thesis unfolds how behavioural additionality is created by reinforcing ostensive, performative and artefact aspects of routines within firms. The possibility, rationale and evaluation of behavioural additionality are also discussed. Empirically, the thesis applies a plausibility probe that employs two case studies of Turkish TIDEB and British Collaborative R&D programmes to illustrate the micro level of the approach developed.It is concluded that the proposed approach provides a better theoretical understanding for behavioural additionality, which would increase its impact on policy-making. This new approach also represents a concrete attempt to utilise the framework and unit of analysis of the evolutionary approach in the field of evaluation for the first time.

Several studies have been published postulating the emergence of the post-modern research system, the research system in transition and the new production of knowledge (Cozzens et al. 1990, Rip and van der Meulen 1996, Gibbons et al. 1994). However, these studies have been largely concerned with the gradual transformation of well-established research systems of Western industrialised countries. The radical transformations of the research systems of Central and Eastern European countries (CEE), following the collapse of the communist regime at the beginning of the 1990s, have attracted a smaller number of scholars (Balazs et al. 1995; Schimank 1995; Radosevic 1999; Dyker and Radosevic 1999, 2000). Prior to this, the developments in scientific organisation have been considered to be either an issue of evolution (in advanced or industrialised countries) or, as in the case of developing countries - a development issue. However, the research/innovation systems of CEE in the 1990s were neither underdeveloped, nor following the pattern of evolution of other industrialised countries, but were forced to change as a consequence of changes in the political and economic order. Furthermore, eighteen years after the fall of the communist regime, the research systems of CEE have developed at different rates, along different trajectories, despite similar preconditions for change. Taking into account the aforementioned considerations, the study investigates two research systems in transition, those of Latvia and Estonia, which along with the Czech Republic have initiated the most radical reorganisation of their research systems. The choice of countries is based on the realisation that despite, at first glance, similar pre-conditions for change, as well as similar demographic factors, political and economic systems, and institutional structures of scientific organisation (which makes these countries easily comparable); these systems appear to have evolved along different trajectories. Clear differences are seen in terms of total state funding allocated for research, as well as contributions from the private sector, R&D intensity, research output in terms of publication, citation rates and patents, collaborative projects and publications (Kristapsons, Martinson and Dagyte 2003). Based on these indicators, Estonia precedes Latvia on all counts; possible explanations for this are the diversified funding mechanisms available, and the multitude of assessments of research and development on the basis of which policies were formed (Kristapsons, Martinson and Dagyte 2003).In view of the overall goal of explaining different rates/paths of development of similarly positioned national research systems, the purpose of the study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to paint a comprehensive picture of the Latvian and Estonian research systems and, secondly, it compares and contrasts them in terms of the reforms initiated and the outputs, outcomes and impacts of these reforms. Methodologically, the study is largely qualitative in nature and it has been deemed appropriate to present the two countries as separate case studies, yet retaining a common analytical frame to gather primary and secondary data. Secondary data has been collected by drawing on the multitude of archival and documentary evidence and statistical databases available; primary data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews.