Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-277).

From 1919 until the present day there have always been extreme and contradictory views on the utility and influence of international trusteeship over underdeveloped areas. There are those people who have regarded the system as one of nuisance-value only, and those who have regarded it as a blessing, and yet others who have regarded its principles and objectives as being synonymous with the best of colonial principles and practices and, for that reason, no innovation.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 乙第12940号 / 論地博第18号 / 新制||地||62(附属図書館) / 32150 / (主査)教授 玉田 芳史, 准教授 岡本 正明, 准教授 中西 嘉宏 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

published_or_final_version / abstract / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

Desde o final da década de 70 vem se falando em crise e reforma do Estado. A contenção dos gastos e a reforma fiscal dirigem-se especialmente à redução das políticas sociais e à diminuição do setor de serviços, incluindo aí serviços governamentais destinados à infância e adolescência em situação de risco pessoal e social, que consiste em uma das populações mais fragilizadas da sociedade. Estudos recentes têm indicado que não há uma diminuição tão grande dos investimentos na área social, mas um realocamento desses recursos entre as diversas políticas públicas; bem como indicam a influência da ideologia político-partidária daqueles que estão no governo como sustentáculo do investimento público na área social. Objetivamos com esse trabalho, avaliar o impacto da mudança na administração municipal na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, em virtude da eleição de 1996, no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco, verificando como a ideologia político-partidária influenciou na atenção à infância e na definição das políticas sociais. Para isto, optamos por uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a análise documental, e como método de análise, a Análise Conteúdo, tendo como unidade de análise o tema. Estão sendo analisados os Programas e Estatutos dos Partidos que encabeçavam as coligações eleitas nos pleitos de 1992 e 1996, respectivamente PT e PSDB; os Programas de Governo das duas gestões e documentos e relatórios produzidos por essas gestões. A análise dos dados revela uma diferença de ênfase nos dois Programas de Governo, com o Programa do governo eleito em 1992 dando um acento maior em sua atuação à área social, enquanto o eleito em 1996 dá uma maior ênfase ao desenvolvimento econômico, indo ao encontro da tendência observada na análise dos Programas Partidários. Também se observa uma ruptura e descontinuidade entre as políticas para a infância e adolescência adotadas; com ambas as gestões reorganizando a estrutura dos serviços dentro da Secretaria de Bem Estar Social/Cidadania e Desenvolvimento Social, ficando o conjunto dos programas configurados de uma forma muito diferente da anterior. Os gastos com assistência social na gestão 1997-2000, indo na direção do encontrado na literatura, foram maiores que na gestão anterior, enquanto o número de atendimentos realizados pelo serviço público diminuiu, tendo havido um direcionamento desses gastos para o setor privado de assistência à infância em situação de risco, o que se configura enquanto um padrão de atendimento aos usuários semelhante ao que existia nos primórdios da assistência social no Brasil e no município. / Since the end of the decade of 70 it comes saying in crisis and reform of the State. The containment of the expenses and the fiscal reform are especially drive to reduction of the social politics and of the sector of services, including there governmental services destined to infancy and adolescence in situation of personal and social risk, that consists one of the more fragile populations of the society. Recent studies have indicated that it does not have a so great reduction of the investments in the social area, but a realocation of these resources between the diverse public politics; as well as they indicate that politician-partisan ideology of that they are in the government influence the bases the public investment in the social area. We objectify with this work, to evaluate the impact of the change in the municipal administration in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in virtue of the 1996 election, in the attendance the children and adolescents in risk situation, verifying as the ideology politician-partisan influenced in the attention to infancy and the definition of the social politics. For this, we opt to a research of qualitative matrix, using as instrument of collection of data the documentary analysis, and as analysis method, the Analysis Content, having as unit of analysis the subject. They are being analyzed the Programs and Statutes of the Parties that headed coalition elect in the lawsuits of 1992 and 1996, respectively PT and PSDB; the Programs of Government of the two managements and documents and reports produced for these managements. The analysis of the data discloses a difference of emphasis in the two Programs of Government, with the Program of the elect government in 1992 giving a bigger accent in its performance to the social area, while the elect one in 1996 gives a bigger emphasis to the economic development, going to the meeting of the trend observed in the analysis of the Partisan Programs. Also a rupture is observed and discontinuity enters the politics for adopted infancy and adolescence; with both the managements reorganizing the structure of the services inside of the Secretariat of Social Welfare /Citizenship and Social Developement, being the set of the configured programs of a very different form of the previous one. The expenses with social assistance in management 1997-2000, going in the direction of the found in literature, had been greaters that in the previous management, while the number of attendence carried through for the public service diminished, having had an aiming of these expenses for the private sector of assistance to infancy in risk situation, what it is configured while a standard of customer service similar to whom existed in the beggining of the social assistance in Brazil and in the city.

<p>This thesis deals with the problematic question of aid as a helping hand to states that are in the process of developing democracy. It focuses on the Sub Saharan African region as a critical case, and furthermore upon the aid contributions made by the European Union during the time period of 1996-2006. The main ambition is to explore the real effect of aid on the democratic process, but also to explore other variables that might have effect. The method used is regression analysing of a database called The Quality of Government database Cross – Section Time-Series May 2008. The database has later been modified to suit my specific needs and aid has been recoded. This thesis is meant to be a theory testing study, and the theories tested will be related to the independent variables such as aid as a democratic helping hand as well as theories of corruption, political participation and military rule in the search for democracy. </p>

Desde o final da década de 70 vem se falando em crise e reforma do Estado. A contenção dos gastos e a reforma fiscal dirigem-se especialmente à redução das políticas sociais e à diminuição do setor de serviços, incluindo aí serviços governamentais destinados à infância e adolescência em situação de risco pessoal e social, que consiste em uma das populações mais fragilizadas da sociedade. Estudos recentes têm indicado que não há uma diminuição tão grande dos investimentos na área social, mas um realocamento desses recursos entre as diversas políticas públicas; bem como indicam a influência da ideologia político-partidária daqueles que estão no governo como sustentáculo do investimento público na área social. Objetivamos com esse trabalho, avaliar o impacto da mudança na administração municipal na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, em virtude da eleição de 1996, no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco, verificando como a ideologia político-partidária influenciou na atenção à infância e na definição das políticas sociais. Para isto, optamos por uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a análise documental, e como método de análise, a Análise Conteúdo, tendo como unidade de análise o tema. Estão sendo analisados os Programas e Estatutos dos Partidos que encabeçavam as coligações eleitas nos pleitos de 1992 e 1996, respectivamente PT e PSDB; os Programas de Governo das duas gestões e documentos e relatórios produzidos por essas gestões. A análise dos dados revela uma diferença de ênfase nos dois Programas de Governo, com o Programa do governo eleito em 1992 dando um acento maior em sua atuação à área social, enquanto o eleito em 1996 dá uma maior ênfase ao desenvolvimento econômico, indo ao encontro da tendência observada na análise dos Programas Partidários. Também se observa uma ruptura e descontinuidade entre as políticas para a infância e adolescência adotadas; com ambas as gestões reorganizando a estrutura dos serviços dentro da Secretaria de Bem Estar Social/Cidadania e Desenvolvimento Social, ficando o conjunto dos programas configurados de uma forma muito diferente da anterior. Os gastos com assistência social na gestão 1997-2000, indo na direção do encontrado na literatura, foram maiores que na gestão anterior, enquanto o número de atendimentos realizados pelo serviço público diminuiu, tendo havido um direcionamento desses gastos para o setor privado de assistência à infância em situação de risco, o que se configura enquanto um padrão de atendimento aos usuários semelhante ao que existia nos primórdios da assistência social no Brasil e no município. / Since the end of the decade of 70 it comes saying in crisis and reform of the State. The containment of the expenses and the fiscal reform are especially drive to reduction of the social politics and of the sector of services, including there governmental services destined to infancy and adolescence in situation of personal and social risk, that consists one of the more fragile populations of the society. Recent studies have indicated that it does not have a so great reduction of the investments in the social area, but a realocation of these resources between the diverse public politics; as well as they indicate that politician-partisan ideology of that they are in the government influence the bases the public investment in the social area. We objectify with this work, to evaluate the impact of the change in the municipal administration in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in virtue of the 1996 election, in the attendance the children and adolescents in risk situation, verifying as the ideology politician-partisan influenced in the attention to infancy and the definition of the social politics. For this, we opt to a research of qualitative matrix, using as instrument of collection of data the documentary analysis, and as analysis method, the Analysis Content, having as unit of analysis the subject. They are being analyzed the Programs and Statutes of the Parties that headed coalition elect in the lawsuits of 1992 and 1996, respectively PT and PSDB; the Programs of Government of the two managements and documents and reports produced for these managements. The analysis of the data discloses a difference of emphasis in the two Programs of Government, with the Program of the elect government in 1992 giving a bigger accent in its performance to the social area, while the elect one in 1996 gives a bigger emphasis to the economic development, going to the meeting of the trend observed in the analysis of the Partisan Programs. Also a rupture is observed and discontinuity enters the politics for adopted infancy and adolescence; with both the managements reorganizing the structure of the services inside of the Secretariat of Social Welfare /Citizenship and Social Developement, being the set of the configured programs of a very different form of the previous one. The expenses with social assistance in management 1997-2000, going in the direction of the found in literature, had been greaters that in the previous management, while the number of attendence carried through for the public service diminished, having had an aiming of these expenses for the private sector of assistance to infancy in risk situation, what it is configured while a standard of customer service similar to whom existed in the beggining of the social assistance in Brazil and in the city.

M.A. / The use of the Internet and New Media is becoming increasingly relevant for 21st century politics, not only as a means of political campaigning but also as a platform used by the public to engage in political discussion, debate and opinion formation. As the field of study is relatively new, there has been much argument regarding the opportunities that New Media, such as the Social Media network Facebook, holds for political use. However, not enough research has been done to scrutinise the outcomes of truly utilising the platform. Furthermore, not enough research concerning the use of Social Media in the South African political sphere has been done. Thus, this study concentrates on how the public and the political parties are using Facebook. The research questions examine the nature of (a) political party (ANC and DA) and (b) public participation on the respective Facebook sites. It also enquires as to what benefits and challenges Social Media such as Facebook offer to political parties in South Africa. The study relies on a qualitative methodological orientation. Firstly, content analysis by means of thematic analysis was applied to all posts present on the Facebook pages of the ANC and the DA during the timeframe of 14-21 June 2010. The overall themes were World Cup 2010 and Youth Day, and their emergent sub-themes were explored in this context. Secondly, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives from each political party who dealt with the Social Media output and monitoring of the party. It would appear that political parties are not capitalising on the full range of Social Media offerings and not promoting two-way communication. Instead they are merely using it as a monitoring tool or as a way to disseminate information. However, the research shows that the members of the public are utilising the Facebook site(s) to engage in discussion of a political nature as well as using the platform to connect with and reach individuals in new ways.