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A legal analysis of prohibition of marine pollutionBapela, Mpho Paulos January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This mini-dissertation deals with the legal analysis of the prohibition of marine pollution. It is found that the harmful effects of marine pollution on the marine ecosystem, human health and the economy is a problem that needs to be solved immediately. International Conventions and different legislation have been drafted in order to regulate, reduce, mitigate or stop marine pollution. Despite the existence of these conventions and legislation, this problem continues unabated. Large numbers of marine species are known to be harmed and killed as a result of marine pollution. Marine pollution did not receive much attention until many species in the sea and the marine ecosystem faced adverse consequences resulting from marine pollution. Although it has become a global concern, most nations are still producing huge pollution loads. This mini-dissertation analyses the legal framework and the sources of marine pollution, the effects of marine pollution on the marine ecosystem and human health. Furthermore, it makes a comparative analysis between South Africa as developing country and Australia as a developed country in order to determine what South Africa could learn from Australia. The study makes recommendations on how marine pollution can be solved, mitigated or combatted. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Factors preventing the successful implementation of the polluter pays principle : a case study of the Bayne's Spruit.Pole, Adrian Leonard. January 2002 (has links)
Despite the pollution control provisions provided in national and local legislation that
explicitly or implicitly give effect to the polluter pays principle (PPP), certain rivers
continue to suffer from persistent industrial pollution. This research focuses on one such
river, the Bayne's Spruit, as a case study. The Bayne's Spruit is a small river that is
located within an urban catchment, and which has been subjected to wet industrial
pollution for over a decade. Much of this pollution is associated with the Pietermaritzburg
edible oil industry. This pollution impacts negatively on a downstream community that
uses the river for irrigation of subsistence crops, for recreation and for subsistence fish
harvesting. The pollution has also severely degraded the riverine ecosystem. This
research commenced with a literature review of the PPP in its international, national and
local context. It was noted that the current legislative framework for implementation of
the PPP with regard to pollution of rivers in South Africa comprises primarily of the
National Water Act 36 of 1998 (NWA), the National Environmental Management Act
107 of 1998, and the Pietermaritzburg-Msunduzi industrial effluent bylaws of November
1998. The case study was approached using a largely qualitative methodology, although
quantitative data was also relied upon where feasible. The historical context of the case
study was provided by conducting a review of newspaper reports, a review of.
government inspection records, and a review of water quality data (including biomonitoring
and chemical data). The current status of the Bayne's Spruit was then
explored by conducting in-depth historical interviews with community members, and by
conducting direct observation of the environmental status of the Bayne's Spruit. This data
was supplemented by an analysis of the test results of sampled industrial effluent, and by
information obtained from representatives of two edible oil companies. In-depth,
purposively selected interviews were conducted with various role players. (local
government, regional government and industry) to identify what factors are preventing
the successful implementation of the PPP in the case study area. Factors identified
include a lack of environmental ethic within the edible oil industry, with some of these
companies free riding on the Bayne's Spruit to maximize their profits. At a local level,
factors preventing implementation of the PPP include deficiencies in the local industrial effluent bylaws, failures to administer and implement provisions contained in the bylaws,
capacity restrictions and institutional paralysis. National legislation is not being
successfully implemented because the government agency empowered under the NWA is
deferring primary responsibility for dealing with pollution to the local authority. Factors
also include difficulties associated with monitoring of rivers, including lack of capacity to
engage in monitoring, and confusion over the functions of the various spheres of
government. Finally, enforcement complexities are a major factor preventing successful
implementation of the PPP. These problems relate to inadequate penalties, enforcement
arrangements, capacity problems, separation of authority to operate the municipal sewer
works and to enforce the industrial effluent bylaws, difficulties in identifying the
offending polluter (causation), problems with access to company premises, the open
access character of the storm water drainage system, previous failed prosecutions and
reliance on the criminal justice system. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 2002.
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Impact of the water pollution control ordinance on small electroplating factoriesChan, Yiu-wing., 陳耀榮. January 1993 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management
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The impact of water pollution control ordinance on small and medium sized manufacturesMa, Yiu-wa., 馬耀華. January 1993 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management
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The Texas Failure: A Critical Study of Pollution in TexasChidgey, John Thomas 05 1900 (has links)
"The Texas Failure sets forth the thesis that environmental problems are essentially a product of political decisions and that in Texas the political system has failed to respond to environmental problems because it is dominated by polluter-oriented special interests. The argument advanced is that polluter-oriented interests are well protected by state politicians in both the legislature and regulatory agencies of state government. The thesis is organized around an analysis of such political factors as ideology, leadership, decision making and law as they relate to a political consideration of Texas environmental conditions."-- leaf 1.
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An industrial chemocide : synoptic analysis of air pollution in the Durban South area.Naicker, Mogasundram Shunmugam. January 2003 (has links)
Air pollution, health and poverty convey overtones of moral dereliction of our
people by the confederacy of perpetrators. It is true that a cocktail of chemical
emissions pollute the Durban South area and the residents paying an enormous
price to survive.
With poverty abound, the people feel disenfranchised as their plea for a better
environment fails to improve their standing.
This short treatise looks at the role of people and the business as one part and the
inclusion of the government on the other part. A comparison of covert techniques
and manipulations used by business to circumvent the system.
Legislation although adequate but lacking enforcement together with legal remedies
as a way to stop this incursion to our Constitutional right.
A paradigm shift to sustainability in exploring the many facets of invaluable
'practical solutions' to save and sustain our existence and our intergenerational
society.
The government authorities saddled with internal strife and the under-funded NGOs
who are buoyed by media support still prove ineffective. The conglomerates with
all their abundant resources covertly or otherwise propagate their maliciousness
unchecked.
The enforcement authorities, the judicial officers, the NGOs and the people must
work harmously to stem this unacceptable moral degradation before it reaches
abysmal proportions. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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An appraisal of the law relating to oil pollution in the inland, territorial and maritime waters of Nigeria.Oyende, Kayode Babatunde. January 2012 (has links)
This dissertation titled ‘An appraisal of the law relating to oil pollution in the inland, territorial and maritime waters of Nigeria’ examines whether the law governing oil pollution in Nigeria is satisfactory in so far as determining issues of liability and compensation for oil pollution are concerned. The thesis examines a research hypothesis on the determination of the question whether the law adequately caters for victims of oil pollution occurring in the inland, territorial and maritime waters of Nigeria and if not, what are the observable defects and how can these defects be remedied.
Not only has there been a considerable environmental degradation in Nigeria occasisoned by oil exploration and exploitation, particularly in the areas around the Niger Delta, but there has been serious socio-economic consequences pertinent to sustainable development of Nigeria as a nation. These impacts and the government’s attempts to tackle the problems have been the focus of this thesis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Controlling nonpoint pollution in Virginia's urbanizing areas: an institutional perspectiveWells, Gordon Marshall January 1986 (has links)
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the institutional framework of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the implementation and enforcement of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control measures in the state's urbanizing areas. The institutional framework is developed primarily around the existing governmental framework. The federal, state and local roles are examined in terms of the relevant legislative and executive NPS control activities already taking place. The judicial function is considered in terms of constitutional guarantees of protection of private property and the potential for liability stemming from the implementation of structural and nonstructural best management practices (BMP's).
Three generic categories of BMP's are evaluated in light of this institutional environment: on-site BMP's, off-site BMP's and nonstructural BMP's. Where they are relevant, various subcategories of the institutional environment are examined: mechanisms and responsibility for financing and maintenance, managing future urban growth and mediating interjurisdictional arrangements. The introduction and first four chapters develop this material and the final chapter is an analysis of the existing state programs (the Erosion and Sediment Control Law and the State Water Control Board's voluntary Urban NPS Control and Abatement Program).
The product of this analysis is the conclusion that both state programs analyzed are weak due to a lack of state oversight. In addition, the Erosion and Sediment Control Program could be strengthened by amending the law to add a viable "stop work" order and by defining violations as being civil rather than criminal (misdemeanors) violations. / M.S.
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The potential for using biomonitoring in the Hong Kong marine environmentYu, Pui-shan., 余珮珊. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management
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The effects of the federal air quality program on certain local land use planning decisions : a case study of Santa Cruz, CaliforniaSchiffrin, Andrew January 1979 (has links)
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 361-380. / by Andrew Schiffrin. / M.C.P.
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