Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

One aspect of the international problem of marine pollution is pollution by ships. As an international problem, pollution by ships demands action at a level above the national. Many international agreements have been reached, but this thesis argues that a comprehensive liability regime is now necessary. To find the principles upon which such a liability regime should be based, decisions of international tribunals, acts of state practice, and existing conventional arrangements are canvassed. "Reasonableness" is found to be the central characteristic, and is given more specific meaning through the survey. A convention is proposed in general outline only, but a regional framework is suggested, and principles on which to base the convention are summarized. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

The existence of comprehensive groundwater protection programs on the federal, state, and local levels was investigated. Because of the unique characteristics of aquifers and contamination sources, local groundwater protection programs were found to be the most comprehensive; however, it was discovered that no universally accepted method existed to measure their effectiveness. An evaluation method was developed to determine local groundwater protection program effectiveness, and the method was applied in two case studies, one urban and one rural. The urban program, developed in Dayton, Ohio, was found to be a comprehensive and effectively implemented program; the rural program, developed in Clarke County, Virginia, was found to be a comprehensive program, but lacked full implementation. The experience gained in the case studies was used to revise the format of the evaluation method, and draw conclusions concerning the usefulness of the method. A description of the evaluation method, the case studies, and all related data collection are included. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

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No description available.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (M. Phil. (Environmental Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This study examines the effectiveness of a particular segment of the legal framework regarding water pollution control in South Africa. A review is conducted of relevant environmental legislation (including the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998, the National Water Act 36 of 108) and the Water Services Act and related literature in order to portray the history, scope and content of the water law framework that applies to local authorities in the specific. In order to situate the phenomenon of water pollution in the context of the theoretical review, some observations are included concerning international and domestic developments and phenomena. The theoretical base of this study is furthermore substantiated and supported by the inclusion of a basic case study that portrays the actual challenges facing some local authorities in South Africa in the management and governance of water resources and the combating of water pollution. This study concludes with a set of recommendations towards improved water governance and the combating of water pollution in the local government sphere based on the finding that deficient compliance and enforcement measures remain a real challenge in municipalities’ effective implementation of South Africa’s water law.