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The chromatographic behaviour of four organophosphorus pesticides has been investigated, using capillary gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and packed and wide bore capillary gas liquid chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The first part of this thesis (Chapter 3) embodies the application of high performance capillary gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the development of the methodology for analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetable substrates. Manipulation of GC-MS data during the sample analysis is necessary in order to eliminate the problems arising from the complexity of the samples. The application of selected ion monitoring (SIM) in GC-MS is to a large extent limited by selection of the ion for monitoring, selection of internal standard, optimisation of electrometer zero, the electron multiplier voltage, the selected mass interval, column selection for GC-MS analysis and tuning of the quadrupole GC-MS. A major concern was with the determination of the optimum conditions for the analysis of substrates containing organophosphorus pesticides by GC-MS following solvent extraction (without clean up steps). The analysis of organophosphorus samples using GC-MS-SIM provides detection limits lower than Pg pesticide injected and very good recovery data. The second part (Chapter 4) deals with the application of GC-ECD. Here the role of packed column support, packed and wide bore capillary column temperature and detector temperature was investigated. Comparisons of the relative responses of the pesticides analysed (i) on packed columns and (ii) on wide bore capillary column under different column and detector cell temperatures were undertaken and the optimal condition for each of the organophosphorus pesticides was determined, under the optimal conditions the detection limits and recovery for fruit and vegetable samples were examined. The results from this method were correlated with the data obtained by GC-MS and found to be in very good agreement. The data obtained from analysis using GC-ECD was found to have a higher precision than that obtained by GC-MS, however GC-MS exhibited a higher selectivity for the determination of these pesticides.

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In this study, following a severe accident at Kozloduy nuclear plant in Bulgaria how Turkey would be affected was investigated. The severe accident refers to core meltdown accident with catastrophic failure of containment. The model used is HySPLIT model developed in America. The worst day was predicted considering deposition of radionuclides. For initial runs, accidental release of I-131 and Cs-137 radionuclides was modeled for each day of year 2000 to find the worst day, seen to result from release beginning on April 7th 2000. After modeling release of all radionuclides for the worst day, radiation dose at different receptors, 12 most populated cities over Turkey has been calculated via different pathways. Late effects, fatal cancer, non-fatal cancer and hereditary risks, has been investigated for these receptors. The mostly affected part of Turkey was Marmara region and fatal cancer risk therein was 7x10-2 %. The collective health risk throughout Turkey was approximately 20 600 people. The same approach was then applied for investigating health risk of proposed nuclear reactor at Akkuyu, Turkey. In this case, the worst day was resulted from release beginning on 21st of February 2000. The worst affected part was the narrow strip in Central Anatolia extending to the north-eastern cost and fatal cancer risk in this region was 3.4x10-1 %. The collective health risk over Turkey was approximately 30 600 people. The results showed that Kozloduy nuclear plant has dominating effect throughout Turkey, but proposed Akkuyu reactor affects very limited region.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.