O Brasil ocupa a quarta posição entre os maiores produtores mundiais de carne suína. Destaque nacional deve ser dado ao estado de Santa Catarina, que detém 25% da produção do Brasil. Em Santa Catarina, a intensificação da produção em pequena área territorial gera um grande aporte anual de dejetos de suínos por unidade de área agrícola. Isso se deve ao fato de que a alternativa mais utilizada para descarte desses resíduos é a sua aplicação como fertilizante agrícola, prática que tem gerado um dos maiores problemas de poluição ambiental, especialmente na região Oeste Catarinense. Poucos trabalhos com intuito de avaliar a toxicidade desse material aos organismos edáficos e sua interação com diferentes classes texturais de solos podem ser encontrados. Para avaliação desta toxicidade, uma ferramenta utilizada internacionalmente, e cada vez mais frequentemente no Brasil, é a ecotoxicologia terrestre. Esta técnica é utilizada para avaliar efeitos de substâncias que, quando adicionadas aos solos, causam impactos em organismos, mensurando as respostas de alterações na taxa de letalidade, reprodução, desenvolvimento e comportamento de organismos edáficos padronizados. Desta maneira, este estudo objetivou avaliar por meio de testes ecotoxicológicos os efeitos de doses crescentes de dejeto de suínos (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1), em diferentes tipos de solo (Argissolo Vermelho Eutrófico S2; Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico S3 e Neossolo Quartzarênico S4 e Solo Artificial Tropical S1) na sobrevivência, reprodução e comportamento de minhocas (Eisenia andrei) e colêmbolos (Folsomia candida), através de metodologias padronizadas internacionalmente. Os resultados das avaliações com Eisenia andrei mostraram que no solo com menor teor de argila a toxicidade do dejeto causou letalidade de 100% dos indivíduos nas duas maiores doses testadas. Para os testes de toxicidade crônica, avaliando o potencial reprodutivo, as doses testadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico tiveram efeitos negativos em Eisenia andrei, mas nos outros solos não ocorreu efeito perceptível. Os resultados obtidos para testes com Folsomia candida mostraram toxicidade em todas as doses testadas, causando letalidade significativa dos indivíduos na menor dose de dejeto aplicada e, baseado nessa resposta, doses menores foram usadas para avaliar efeito crônico e no comportamento (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). Os efeitos das doses usadas para o teste de reprodução foram significativamente diferentes dos observados no controle causando redução no número de juvenis gerados em todos os solos testados. As doses D3 e D4 no S2, assim como todas as doses no S3 causaram significativa fuga de colêmbolos para o solo não contaminado. Os resultados obtidos revelam a importância da utilização de solos naturais de diferentes texturas e diferentes organismos na avaliação de toxicidade de dejetos de suínos e também mostram que nesse caso os resultados dos testes com solo artificial tropical não podem ser extrapolados para solos naturais. / Brazil occupies the fourth place worldwide among the largest swine producers. National highlight should be given to Santa Catarina State, which stands for 25% of this production. In this state, the intensification of the production in a small area leads to a yearly huge supply of swine manure per unit of agricultural area. This is due to the fact that the most used methods to dispose swine manure is its application as a fertilizer on soils, which has been causing one of the largest environmental pollution problems, especially in the Western region of Santa Catarina State. Very few studies are available aiming to evaluate swine manure toxicity on edaphic organisms and its interaction with different textural classes of soil. To evaluate this toxicity ecotoxicology has been used around the world, and increasingly in Brazil. This technique is used to assess the effects of substances that, when applied on soil, cause impacts on the organisms, measuring their responses with regard to mortality rates, reproduction, development and behavior of soil organisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, by means of ecotoxicological tests the effects of increasing swine manure doses (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1) in different types of soil (Ultisols - S2; Oxisol S3 and Entisols S4) and in an Tropical Artificial Soil S1, on the survival, reproduction and behavior of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and springtails (Folsomia candida), using standard international methodologies. The results of Eisenia andrei evaluations showed that, in sandy soils, swine manure toxicity caused 100% mortality of the organisms at the two largest doses tested. For chronic toxicity tests, evaluating the reproductive potential, there were negative effects of tested doses on Eisenia andrei in Entisols, but for the other soils there was no perceptible effect. The results of Folsomia candida tests showed toxicity for all the tested doses, causing significant mortality of the organisms even at the smallest dose applied. Therefore, smaller doses were used to evaluate chronic and behavioral effects (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). The effects of applied doses for the reproduction test were highly different from those observed in the control treatment, always causing reduction in the number of produced juveniles for all types of soil tested. The D3 and D4 doses for S2, as well as, all the doses for S3, showed significant avoidance of springtails towards the uncontaminated soil. These data show the importance of the usage of natural soils with different textural classes and also different organisms in the evaluation of swine manure toxicity. Also, they show that the results for artificial tropical soils cannot be extrapolated to natural soils.

O Brasil ocupa a quarta posição entre os maiores produtores mundiais de carne suína. Destaque nacional deve ser dado ao estado de Santa Catarina, que detém 25% da produção do Brasil. Em Santa Catarina, a intensificação da produção em pequena área territorial gera um grande aporte anual de dejetos de suínos por unidade de área agrícola. Isso se deve ao fato de que a alternativa mais utilizada para descarte desses resíduos é a sua aplicação como fertilizante agrícola, prática que tem gerado um dos maiores problemas de poluição ambiental, especialmente na região Oeste Catarinense. Poucos trabalhos com intuito de avaliar a toxicidade desse material aos organismos edáficos e sua interação com diferentes classes texturais de solos podem ser encontrados. Para avaliação desta toxicidade, uma ferramenta utilizada internacionalmente, e cada vez mais frequentemente no Brasil, é a ecotoxicologia terrestre. Esta técnica é utilizada para avaliar efeitos de substâncias que, quando adicionadas aos solos, causam impactos em organismos, mensurando as respostas de alterações na taxa de letalidade, reprodução, desenvolvimento e comportamento de organismos edáficos padronizados. Desta maneira, este estudo objetivou avaliar por meio de testes ecotoxicológicos os efeitos de doses crescentes de dejeto de suínos (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1), em diferentes tipos de solo (Argissolo Vermelho Eutrófico S2; Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico S3 e Neossolo Quartzarênico S4 e Solo Artificial Tropical S1) na sobrevivência, reprodução e comportamento de minhocas (Eisenia andrei) e colêmbolos (Folsomia candida), através de metodologias padronizadas internacionalmente. Os resultados das avaliações com Eisenia andrei mostraram que no solo com menor teor de argila a toxicidade do dejeto causou letalidade de 100% dos indivíduos nas duas maiores doses testadas. Para os testes de toxicidade crônica, avaliando o potencial reprodutivo, as doses testadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico tiveram efeitos negativos em Eisenia andrei, mas nos outros solos não ocorreu efeito perceptível. Os resultados obtidos para testes com Folsomia candida mostraram toxicidade em todas as doses testadas, causando letalidade significativa dos indivíduos na menor dose de dejeto aplicada e, baseado nessa resposta, doses menores foram usadas para avaliar efeito crônico e no comportamento (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). Os efeitos das doses usadas para o teste de reprodução foram significativamente diferentes dos observados no controle causando redução no número de juvenis gerados em todos os solos testados. As doses D3 e D4 no S2, assim como todas as doses no S3 causaram significativa fuga de colêmbolos para o solo não contaminado. Os resultados obtidos revelam a importância da utilização de solos naturais de diferentes texturas e diferentes organismos na avaliação de toxicidade de dejetos de suínos e também mostram que nesse caso os resultados dos testes com solo artificial tropical não podem ser extrapolados para solos naturais. / Brazil occupies the fourth place worldwide among the largest swine producers. National highlight should be given to Santa Catarina State, which stands for 25% of this production. In this state, the intensification of the production in a small area leads to a yearly huge supply of swine manure per unit of agricultural area. This is due to the fact that the most used methods to dispose swine manure is its application as a fertilizer on soils, which has been causing one of the largest environmental pollution problems, especially in the Western region of Santa Catarina State. Very few studies are available aiming to evaluate swine manure toxicity on edaphic organisms and its interaction with different textural classes of soil. To evaluate this toxicity ecotoxicology has been used around the world, and increasingly in Brazil. This technique is used to assess the effects of substances that, when applied on soil, cause impacts on the organisms, measuring their responses with regard to mortality rates, reproduction, development and behavior of soil organisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, by means of ecotoxicological tests the effects of increasing swine manure doses (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1) in different types of soil (Ultisols - S2; Oxisol S3 and Entisols S4) and in an Tropical Artificial Soil S1, on the survival, reproduction and behavior of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and springtails (Folsomia candida), using standard international methodologies. The results of Eisenia andrei evaluations showed that, in sandy soils, swine manure toxicity caused 100% mortality of the organisms at the two largest doses tested. For chronic toxicity tests, evaluating the reproductive potential, there were negative effects of tested doses on Eisenia andrei in Entisols, but for the other soils there was no perceptible effect. The results of Folsomia candida tests showed toxicity for all the tested doses, causing significant mortality of the organisms even at the smallest dose applied. Therefore, smaller doses were used to evaluate chronic and behavioral effects (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). The effects of applied doses for the reproduction test were highly different from those observed in the control treatment, always causing reduction in the number of produced juveniles for all types of soil tested. The D3 and D4 doses for S2, as well as, all the doses for S3, showed significant avoidance of springtails towards the uncontaminated soil. These data show the importance of the usage of natural soils with different textural classes and also different organisms in the evaluation of swine manure toxicity. Also, they show that the results for artificial tropical soils cannot be extrapolated to natural soils.

Os metais pesados representam o maior resíduo industrial contaminante de solos, plantas e animais no ecossistema, causando graves efeitos tóxicos ao homem principalmente devido a sua ampla distribuição no ambiente, que tem sido intensificado pela industrialização. Um dos metais pesados mais tóxicos é o cádmio, elemento bastante utilizado em processos industriais, o que o torna um importante contaminante ambiental. Pesquisadores preocupados com problemas associados à poluição ambiental por metais pesados iniciaram estudos com técnicas de biorremediação utilizando microrganismos explorando a capacidade desses na remoção de íons tóxicos do ambiente, dentre eles os fungos. Dentre os vários processos utilizados na remediação do cádmio dos efluentes industriais, um dos mais promissores é a biossorção. Essa técnica tem por base a propriedade dos metais se ligarem a vários materiais biológicos, tais como algas, leveduras, fungos, bactérias e plantas; para retenção, remoção ou recuperação de metais pesados de um ambiente líquido. Dentro desse contexto o fungo Aspergillus sp. foi estudado quanto à sua capacidade de biossorção de cádmio. As pesquisas com Aspergillus sp. demonstram que linhagens dessa espécie possuem grande resistência ao cádmio. No presente trabalho foram avaliados parâmetros para a biossorção de cádmio em soluções artificiais com a utilização de biomassa de duas linhagens do fungo Aspergillus sp. (MSE e CadG1). Dentre estes parâmetros, foram avaliados capacidade de biossorção do micélio em diferentes condições fisiológicas do fungo (biomassa viva ou morta), tempo de residência ideal (0, 4, 8 e 12 horas) para as concentrações de sal de cádmio de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg.L-1 e os valores de pH 4,0, 7,0 e 10,0 da solução de sal de cádmio. Futuramente, estas linhagens deverão passar por programas de melhoramento genético para uma otimização da eficiência da biossorção. A linhagem MSE mostrou-se superior à linhagem CadG1 em relação a biossorção de cádmio. As biomassas viva e morta não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa entre as médias de biossorção, mostrando que ambas podem ser utilizadas com a obtenção de resultados de biossorção semelhantes, no entanto, na interação entre todos os fatores, os estados fisiológicos diferiram estatisticamente, sendo que a maioria apresentou maiores índices de biossorção de cádmio com a biomassa morta. O tempo de residência que apresentou melhor eficiência foi o de 4 horas para a linhagem MSE e o de 12 horas para a linhagem CadG1. A biossorção é maior, em valores absolutos, quanto maior é a concentração de cádmio na solução e menor, em valores percentuais, quanto maior essa concentração. O pH ótimo para o processo de biossorção é o 7 nas condições avaliadas. / The heavy metals represent the major industrial residues contaminant of soils, plants and animals in the ecosystems, causing a toxic effect to humans, mainly due to the wide spread distribution in environment which is intensified by industrialization process. One of most toxics heavy metals is cadmium, commonly used in industrial process, what make it an important environmental contaminant. Researchers looking at to problems linked to environmental pollution by heavy metals have been studied bioremediation techniques using microorganism, among them, the fungi, exploring their ability in to remove toxic ions from environment. Form various remediation techniques used for cadmium in industrial effluents, the most promising is the biosorption. This methodology is based in the heavy metals linkage to biologic material, like algae, yeasts, fungi, bacteria or plant, to retention, removing or recovery of heavy metals from liquid environment. In this context, Apergillus sp. was studied for it ability to biosorption of cadmium. Previous studies with Aspergillus sp. have revealed that strains from this species have a great resistance to cadmium. In the present work were evaluated parameters for biosorption of cadmium in artificial solutions, using two strains of Aspergillus sp. Among evaluated parameters, there were ability to biosorption of mycelia in different physiological condition (viable or nonliving), ideal residence period (0, 4, 8 and 12 hours) in cadmium salt concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg.L-1 and the pH values of 4,0, 7,0 and 10,0. In the future such strains must be applied in genetic breeding programs, to optimize the efficiency in cadmium biosorption. The MSE strain revealed to be better than CadG1 strain for cadmium biosorption. Bioamass live and death do not presented statistical differences between values of biosorption, suggesting that both can be used with satisfactory results for cadmium biosorption. However, studying interactions among all factors, physiological state differ statistically, where the most of them presented bigger indices of cadmium biosorption for usage of death biomass. The best residence period was 4 hours in MSE e 12 hours in CadG1. The biosorption was bigger, in absolute values, as bigger is the cadmium concentration in solution and minor in percentual values, as bigger is this concentration. The best pH for biosorption process is 7,0.

The mechanisms and kinetics of combustion of waste wood as well as the phases during combustion processes are important to eliminate these wastes without any possible damage to environment. In the present study, combustion mechanisms, activation energy and pre-exponential constants, and phases of combustion were investigated for untreated natural pine and treated Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard samples that involve some chemicals and additives. Waste wood samples were heated in air at 10, 20 and 30oC/min heating rates in a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) from room temperature to 900oC. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) curves for all samples were obtained. The gases formed during combustion reactions were directly fed to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument coupled to TGA. Emission characteristics of the samples were determined in-situ by using the FTIR spectrums. As a result of TG analysis, thermal decomposition of treated samples was observed at lower temperatures as compared to the untreated pine sample because of the catalyzing effects of the chemicals in the treated samples. Therefore, there were less flammable products, lower weight losses in the main oxidation region, decrease in the max. weight loss temperatures and formation of more char for treated samples as compared to untreated pine sample. In other words, chemicals used during production of these samples lead to decrease in the combustibility of the treated samples. Thermal kinetic constants for the samples were calculated by using Coats Redfern and Broido Methods. In order to find out the mechanisms responsible for the oxidation of the waste wood samples in different regions, six solid state mechanisms of Coats Redfern Method were tested. As a result of FTIR analysis of the emitted gases from TG analysis, several chemical groups were detected from pine and treated samples. Combustion of all samples revealed some gases containing aromatics, C-H groups, CO2 and CO. However, there were some toxic and carcinogenic gases like formaldehyde, isocyanate group, ammonia, phenyl group and benzoylbromide among the emissions of treated samples which need utmost attention when recovering energy from treated waste woods.

Daily aerosol samples were collected at the &Ccedil / andarli which is located on Aegean coast of Turkey. A rural site was selected to monitor atmospheric pollution by long range transport. Sampling was performed in both summer and winter seasons, and in total 151 samples were obtained. Concentrations of elements in the samples were measured in order to identify sources and possible source locations of pollutants. Measured concentrations of trace elements at the &Ccedil / andarli station were compared with those measured at various sites around the world and, also in Turkey. As a result of comparison, level of pollution at the Aegean Region was found to be lower than the Mediterranean Region and Black Sea Region. Air flow climatology at &Ccedil / andarli was investigated in order to determine potential source regions for pollutants. Frequency of air flows from Russia and Western Europe are higher suggesting that emissions from these industrial regions affect the chemical composition of particulate matter. Besides these, it was concluded that contributions from Central and Eastern European countries are significantly high because of frequent air mass transport. Concentrations of elements measured at &Ccedil / andarli station were found to show short and seasonal variations. Such variations in concentrations are explained by variations in the source strengths and transport patterns. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to determine sources of elements and contribution of sources to each element. This analysis revealed 5 sources, two local anthropogenic emissions factor, one soil factor, one sea salt factor and one long range transport factor. Distribution of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) values showed that main sources of SO42- are observed in Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Ukraine and central part of Aegean region.

DEVELOPMENT OF GIS BASED TRAJECTORY STATISTICAL ANALYSIS METHOD TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SOURCES OF REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION Yikmaz, Riza Fikret M.Sc., Department of Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. G&uuml / rdal Tuncel Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuhal Aky&uuml / rek May 2010, 186 pages Apportionment of source regions affecting a certain receptor in the regional scale is necessary information for air quality management and development of national policy for exchange of air pollutants with other countries. Source region apportionment can be studied either through numerical modeling or by using trajectory statistics that is a hybrid methodology of modeling and measurements. Each of these approaches has their advantages and disadvantages. In this study treatment of back-trajectory segments in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), which is one of the tools used in trajectory statistics will be investigated, to increase the reliability of the apportionment process. In the current method run in GIS, especially two parameters gains importance. One is that the vertical locations of trajectory segments are not taken into account at present. In this study, how the evaluation of the segments in 3-D instead of 2-D could improve the results will be assessed. The other parameter that is rainfall at each segment will be included in the PSCF calculations and its effects on the spatial distribution of PSCF values will be evaluated. A user interface in Geographical Information System (GIS) will be developed for effective use of improved methodology.

The objectives of this study are to determine the non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions from the parts used in the interiors of buses at different temperatures and to analyze the components of these emissions. The total non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) concentrations in various sections of a bus were measured in order to determine the indoor air pollution in the bus. Different samples of the materials used in the interior parts of the buses were provided by the manufacturing company and they were tested in the METU Air Pollution Laboratory in order to see what hydrocarbon components make up this total NMVOC concentration.The results of experiments showed that the leading constituent emitted from the test pieces was toluene. Benzene concentration was very low. This is very important since benzene is a carcinogen and it has very low indoor concentration limits determined by OSHA and NIOSH. When the concentrations of the total NMVOC emitted from various parts are examined, it was seen that the most of the VOC emissions occur from the floor materials and ventilation channel. After measurements were done in two buses the average indoor total NMVOC concentrations were found as 21.15 &plusmn / 5.8 ppmv (as C3H8) and 46.04 &plusmn / 9.2 ppmv (as C3H8) in the first and second bus, respectively. Suggestions were made to the manufacturing company for some replacement of solvents and adhesives, and measurements were repeated with the newly manufactured parts for the bus. The highest concentrations were observed for toluene in these measurements, too. However, the toluene concentration was at least 40% lower than the initial values. Benzene concentrations were again very low. The average indoor total NMVOC concentrations were found as 10.41 &plusmn / 2 ppmv (as C3H8) in the measurements done in the bus decorated with new materials. This concentration was about 50% and 25% of the values measured in the first and the second bus at the beginning of the study, respectively.

The objectives of this study are to measure the non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC&#039 / s) emissions from passenger cars in Turkey having gasoline engines, to determine emission factors of these vehicles for BTEX compounds and comparison of emission factors obtained in this study with the emission factors of the other countries. This study was conducted in two parts: The first part was to determine the categories of passenger cars widely used in Turkey, and also to determine the average carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions at idle condition for these car types based on the exhaust emission measurements of Ankara &Ccedil / evre Koruma Vakfi (AN&Ccedil / EVA). The second part of the study was to analyze the gas composition of exhaust gasses at different road conditions for BTEX components by using gas chromatography. The results of the study have shown that the cars named under &lsquo / &lsquo / Tofas&rsquo / &rsquo / constitute 31.5% and &lsquo / &lsquo / Fiat&rsquo / &rsquo / 13.1% of the total cars in Turkey and they are manufactured by the same company. Therefore, studies have been performed with &lsquo / &lsquo / Tofas/Fiat&rsquo / &rsquo / cars. The highest emission factors among hydrocarbons investigated in this study were found for toluene and m-xylene. Generally, as driving speed increases the emissions of HC&rsquo / s are found to decrease in concentration. It was interesting to note that the highest emissions occur at 30 km/hr speed which is the mostly used speed in crowded streets and busy intersections. Therefore, it was concluded that it is very important to take measures for emissions in the city traffic. Cold start emissions were also found to be higher than the hot start emissions.

In this study, combustion performances and emission characteristics of olive cake and olive cake+coal mixture are investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed of 102 mm inside diameter and 900 mm height. The average particle sizes of coal and olive cake used in the experiments were 1.57 mm and 1.52 mm, respectively. Flue gas concentrations of O2, CO, SO2, NOx, and total hydrocarbons (CmHn) were measured during combustion experiments. Operational parameters (excess air ratio, secondary air injection) were changed and variation of pollutant concentrations and combustion efficiency with these operational parameters were studied. The temperature profiles measured along the combustor column was found higher in the freeboard for olive cake than coal due to combustion of hydrocarbons mostly in the freeboard. The location of the maximum temperature in the freeboard shifted to the upper part of the column, as the volatile matter content in the fuel mixture increased. Combustion efficiencies in the range of 83.6-90.1% were obtained for olive cake with the excess air ratio of 1.12-2.30. The corresponding combustion efficiency for coal was 98.4-99.7% under the same conditions. As the CO and hydrocarbon concentration in the flue gas increased, the combustion efficiency decreased. Also co-combustion experiments of olive cake and coal for various mixing ratios were carried out. As the amount of olive cake in the fuel mixture increased, SO2 emissions decreased because of the very low sulfur content of olive cake. In order to increase the combustion efficiency, secondary air was injected into the freeboard which was a good solution to decrease the CO and hydrocarbon emissions, and to increase the combustion efficiency. For the setup used in this study, the optimum operating conditions with respect to NOx and SO2 emissions were found as 1.35 for excess air ratio, and 30 L/min for secondary air flowrate for the combustion of 75 wt% olive cake and 25 wt% coal mixture. Highest combustion efficiency of 99.8% was obtained with an excess air ratio of 1.7, secondary air flow rate of 40 L/min for the combustion of 25 wt% olive cake and 75 wt% coal mixture.

Os metais pesados representam o maior resíduo industrial contaminante de solos, plantas e animais no ecossistema, causando graves efeitos tóxicos ao homem principalmente devido a sua ampla distribuição no ambiente, que tem sido intensificado pela industrialização. Um dos metais pesados mais tóxicos é o cádmio, elemento bastante utilizado em processos industriais, o que o torna um importante contaminante ambiental. Pesquisadores preocupados com problemas associados à poluição ambiental por metais pesados iniciaram estudos com técnicas de biorremediação utilizando microrganismos explorando a capacidade desses na remoção de íons tóxicos do ambiente, dentre eles os fungos. Dentre os vários processos utilizados na remediação do cádmio dos efluentes industriais, um dos mais promissores é a biossorção. Essa técnica tem por base a propriedade dos metais se ligarem a vários materiais biológicos, tais como algas, leveduras, fungos, bactérias e plantas; para retenção, remoção ou recuperação de metais pesados de um ambiente líquido. Dentro desse contexto o fungo Aspergillus sp. foi estudado quanto à sua capacidade de biossorção de cádmio. As pesquisas com Aspergillus sp. demonstram que linhagens dessa espécie possuem grande resistência ao cádmio. No presente trabalho foram avaliados parâmetros para a biossorção de cádmio em soluções artificiais com a utilização de biomassa de duas linhagens do fungo Aspergillus sp. (MSE e CadG1). Dentre estes parâmetros, foram avaliados capacidade de biossorção do micélio em diferentes condições fisiológicas do fungo (biomassa viva ou morta), tempo de residência ideal (0, 4, 8 e 12 horas) para as concentrações de sal de cádmio de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg.L-1 e os valores de pH 4,0, 7,0 e 10,0 da solução de sal de cádmio. Futuramente, estas linhagens deverão passar por programas de melhoramento genético para uma otimização da eficiência da biossorção. A linhagem MSE mostrou-se superior à linhagem CadG1 em relação a biossorção de cádmio. As biomassas viva e morta não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa entre as médias de biossorção, mostrando que ambas podem ser utilizadas com a obtenção de resultados de biossorção semelhantes, no entanto, na interação entre todos os fatores, os estados fisiológicos diferiram estatisticamente, sendo que a maioria apresentou maiores índices de biossorção de cádmio com a biomassa morta. O tempo de residência que apresentou melhor eficiência foi o de 4 horas para a linhagem MSE e o de 12 horas para a linhagem CadG1. A biossorção é maior, em valores absolutos, quanto maior é a concentração de cádmio na solução e menor, em valores percentuais, quanto maior essa concentração. O pH ótimo para o processo de biossorção é o 7 nas condições avaliadas. / The heavy metals represent the major industrial residues contaminant of soils, plants and animals in the ecosystems, causing a toxic effect to humans, mainly due to the wide spread distribution in environment which is intensified by industrialization process. One of most toxics heavy metals is cadmium, commonly used in industrial process, what make it an important environmental contaminant. Researchers looking at to problems linked to environmental pollution by heavy metals have been studied bioremediation techniques using microorganism, among them, the fungi, exploring their ability in to remove toxic ions from environment. Form various remediation techniques used for cadmium in industrial effluents, the most promising is the biosorption. This methodology is based in the heavy metals linkage to biologic material, like algae, yeasts, fungi, bacteria or plant, to retention, removing or recovery of heavy metals from liquid environment. In this context, Apergillus sp. was studied for it ability to biosorption of cadmium. Previous studies with Aspergillus sp. have revealed that strains from this species have a great resistance to cadmium. In the present work were evaluated parameters for biosorption of cadmium in artificial solutions, using two strains of Aspergillus sp. Among evaluated parameters, there were ability to biosorption of mycelia in different physiological condition (viable or nonliving), ideal residence period (0, 4, 8 and 12 hours) in cadmium salt concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg.L-1 and the pH values of 4,0, 7,0 and 10,0. In the future such strains must be applied in genetic breeding programs, to optimize the efficiency in cadmium biosorption. The MSE strain revealed to be better than CadG1 strain for cadmium biosorption. Bioamass live and death do not presented statistical differences between values of biosorption, suggesting that both can be used with satisfactory results for cadmium biosorption. However, studying interactions among all factors, physiological state differ statistically, where the most of them presented bigger indices of cadmium biosorption for usage of death biomass. The best residence period was 4 hours in MSE e 12 hours in CadG1. The biosorption was bigger, in absolute values, as bigger is the cadmium concentration in solution and minor in percentual values, as bigger is this concentration. The best pH for biosorption process is 7,0.