Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gianelli_bf_me_bauru.pdf: 728578 bytes, checksum: 08bd745e090c422288e1a15f08401cdf (MD5) / O acúmulo de sais na superfície de isoladores acarreta a formação de arcos sobre os mesmos, aumentando o processo de corrosão por ácido nítrico. Essa corrosão pode iniciar uma falha da cadeia de isoladores. Atualmente o principal método para análise da corrosão em isoladores, baseia-se em câmaras térmicas e não se tem mostrado adequado para a detecção de defeitos por poluição salínica em seus estágios iniciais. Esse projeto propõe, a adoção de câmeras corona que operam em um comprimento de onda variando entre 240 - 280 nm, filtrando totalmente os raios solares UVA e UVB e permitindo a detecção do ponto aonde se encontra presente a anomalia. Embora as câmeras corona tenham sido amplamente utilizadas, principalmente em linhas de 135 kV até 500 kV, poucos experimentos foram realizados com as mesmas em tensões de 69 kV, tensão padrão da empresa patrocinadora do projeto. Nossa proposta é a de apresentar uma nova metodologia de inspeção utilizando esses equipamentos e possibilitando à empresa incrementar as suas atividades de inspeção. / The accumulation of salt on the surface of insulators causes the formation of arcs, increasing the corrosion process by nitric acid. This corrosion can start a fault of the insulators chain. Presently the main method for corrosion analysis of insulators is based on thermal cameras and is not adequated to detect defects caused by salt pollution on initial stages. This project proposes the adoption of corona cameras operating in wavelengths ranging from 240 to 280 nm, with filters to block UVA and UVB from sunrays and allowing the detection of anomalous spots. Although the corona cameras have been widely used, especially in lines of 135 kV to 500 kV, few experiments have been performed with such an instrument at 69 kV, that is the standard voltage of the company sponsoring of the project. Our proposal is to present a new methodology for inspection using such instrument that enables the company to improve its inspection activities.

Orientador: Nilson Cristino da Cruz / Banca: Maria Lúcia Pereira Antunes / Banca: Rogerio Pinto Mota / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: O acúmulo de sais na superfície de isoladores acarreta a formação de arcos sobre os mesmos, aumentando o processo de corrosão por ácido nítrico. Essa corrosão pode iniciar uma falha da cadeia de isoladores. Atualmente o principal método para análise da corrosão em isoladores, baseia-se em câmaras térmicas e não se tem mostrado adequado para a detecção de defeitos por poluição salínica em seus estágios iniciais. Esse projeto propõe, a adoção de câmeras corona que operam em um comprimento de onda variando entre 240 - 280 nm, filtrando totalmente os raios solares UVA e UVB e permitindo a detecção do ponto aonde se encontra presente a anomalia. Embora as câmeras corona tenham sido amplamente utilizadas, principalmente em linhas de 135 kV até 500 kV, poucos experimentos foram realizados com as mesmas em tensões de 69 kV, tensão padrão da empresa patrocinadora do projeto. Nossa proposta é a de apresentar uma nova metodologia de inspeção utilizando esses equipamentos e possibilitando à empresa incrementar as suas atividades de inspeção. / Abstract: The accumulation of salt on the surface of insulators causes the formation of arcs, increasing the corrosion process by nitric acid. This corrosion can start a fault of the insulators chain. Presently the main method for corrosion analysis of insulators is based on thermal cameras and is not adequated to detect defects caused by salt pollution on initial stages. This project proposes the adoption of corona cameras operating in wavelengths ranging from 240 to 280 nm, with filters to block UVA and UVB from sunrays and allowing the detection of anomalous spots. Although the corona cameras have been widely used, especially in lines of 135 kV to 500 kV, few experiments have been performed with such an instrument at 69 kV, that is the standard voltage of the company sponsoring of the project. Our proposal is to present a new methodology for inspection using such instrument that enables the company to improve its inspection activities. / Mestre

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This study focuses on problems of inadequate production capacity management. The factors that generate this scenario are related to the incorrect distribution of work areas, the absence of standardization of the production process and unorganized workstations in the production line. The application of 5S’s tool, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and a proposal for plant design are presented to solve the problem. After the application of the design solution, it was identified that 1 h and 23 min can be saved in transfer times, which can be invested in the manufacture of more products, improving the use of the plant’s capacity.

A novel insulating cross-arm (ICA) has been developed for new and existing overhead transmission lines of up to 400 kV. The cross-arm consists of four insulating members, end fittings, field grading devices and a nose connection for the attachment of the conductor. The two main structural elements of the assembly have a unique non-cylindrical geometry which gives them improved mechanical characteristics compared to conventional overhead line insulators. The profile for the compression insulator has been designed. After examining six profile variations, it was determined that the lateral orientation which would give the best performance would be with the flat face of the core facing upwards and tilted by 6o. Using the results obtained from performing flashover tests on a conventional 145 kV insulator, the elevation angle for the compression insulator was set to 6o. The dimensions of the compression insulator were calculated based on the assumption that the ICA would be used to uprate an OHL with L3 towers from 275 kV to 400 kV. The optimal insulator profile was determined to be an alternating profile with three different shed sizes, an arcing distance of 3083 mm and a creepage distance of 12470 mm. Electric field grading devices for the ICA were designed. For the LV end, a grading device resembling a ring which follows the general shape of the cross-section of the insulator was designed. For the HV end, an iterative process yielded two designs. First, the ‘butterfly’ grading device was a unibody piece of cast aluminium for all four ICA members. FEA simulations and tests in the laboratory showed that it could effectively control the electric field at voltages of up to 132 kV. The design was patented and the device was used on six cross-arms installed on a live line in Scotland in August 2013. Second, the ‘M-W’ grading device, was a solution made out of four components for managing the field at voltages of up to 400 kV. The device was designed to be easy to install and service, easy and cheap to manufacture and to have minimal visual impact. The compression insulator and the cross-arm assembly were subjected to a multitude of tests adapted from international standards and the Technical Specifications of National Grid. The performed tests aimed to test the electrical characteristics of the cross-arm and the quality of the materials and manufacturing process of the compression insulator. All of the tests were completed successfully except from the corona extinction test for which the appropriate equipment was not available at the time. Two trials were commissioned to examine how the cross-arm performs in a service-like environment. The snow and ice accretion patterns recorded at the mechanical trial site were used for optimising the profile of the compression insulator. The results after a year of continuous monitoring of leakage current and weather conditions at the live trial site showed that there were humidity and visibility thresholds, above 93% for the former and below 400 m for the latter, which increased the average leakage current by 15% on the tension insulators and by 20% on the compression insulators. It was found that when the longitudinal axis of the cross-arm was perpendicular to the weather the leakage current was higher because more of its surface was exposed. The performance of the novel compression insulators was found to be as good as that of the industry standard tension insulators, reaffirming the potency of the design. Finally, on-site observations showed that the ‘butterfly’ grading device could not effectively manage the electric field on the cross-arm at 400 kV, confirming the results of the FEA simulations and testing.