Detta arbete har fokuserat på spelarens uppfattning av estetiska moddar utifrån Mieke Bals taxonomi.Först beskrivdes den teoretiska grunden genom att förklara koncepten modd, Mieke Bals taxonomi, intertextualitet samt problematiken med Bal applicerat på visuella medier. Arbetets frågeställning sammanfattades som: hur förändras uppfattningen av ett spelnarrativ utifrån enbart estetiska förändringar och intertextualitet?För att besvara frågeställningen skapades en artefakt gjord under praktik på Double Zero One Zero baserat på deras spel The Westport Independent som ersatte representationen av karaktärerna med karaktärer från My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. Därefter fick fem personer läsa artefakten och intervjuades enligt en semistrukturerad metod för att analysera deras uppfattningar.Resultatet visade på att även om Respondenten hävdade att detta var samma narrativ förändrades uppfattningen om den estetiska genren och karaktärerna. Därtill kunde det konstateras att deltagarna upplevde en annan tolkning av texten.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-297).

No description available.

Previous studies have shown that four intramuscular doses of imidocarb dipropionate administered at 72-hour treatment intervals are effective in sterilising experimental Babesia equi infections in horses. It has also been documented that imidocarb dipropionate has dose dependent hepato- and nephrotoxic effects in a number of species. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and clinicopathological effects of this multiple treatment regime of imidocarb dipropionate in healthy ponies. Specific emphasis was placed on the potential adverse effects on hepatic and renal function in this species. Serum bile acids and serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity were measured to evaluate the effect of this treatment regime on hepatic function. The diffuse hepatocellular necrosis and pronounced periportal hepatocellular swelling and degeneration previously reported as the most consistent hepatic lesions noted in equines following imidocarb treatment were not evident at the dose and dosage interval used in this study. Urinary gamma glutamyltransferase: creatinine ratios (IU/g) and fractional clearance of sodium, potassium and phosphate (%) were calculated as a measure of renal function. Urinary GGT and urinary GGT: creatinine ratios were significantly elevated on Day 5 of the trial and were considered indicative of transient changes in renal function. The rapid return to previous baseline values supported reported observations that changes between 25 and 100 IU/g may be a function of drug excretion and are not necessarily indicative of significant nephrotoxicity. It was concluded that four intramuscular treatments of imidocarb dipropionate at a dose of 4 mg/kg every 72 hours may be a relatively safe method whereby persistent Babesia equi infections can be sterilised. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Equine Research Centre / unrestricted

No description available.

Urinary steroids have been studied during early and late pregnancy in domestic horses or sporadic samples at various stages of pregnancy in wild equidae. In our studies, urinary estrone sulfate (E1S) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) were monitored throughout pregnancy in six pony mares by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Both hormones were corrected by creatinine (Cr) index to compensate for the variation in specific gravity. The mean concentration for ElS, (μg/mg Cr), was .38 ± .03 at d 0, decreased to .17 ± .04 at d 1, and maintained at less than .5 μg/mg Cr until d 30. Although, there was an apparent increase to .80 ± .34 at d 34 (NS, P = .122), the first significant increase was .69 ± .15 at d 46 (P = .0275). Mean concentrations remained relatively stable at this approximate level until d 60. This level was followed by a sustained significant increase observed from d 60 onwards. Mean concentrations of El S increased to 1.11 ± .25, 2.01 ± .45, and 5.48 ± 1.47 at d 64, d 76, and d 86, respectively. Levels of EIS further increased reaching a peak of 143.3 ± 9.51 at d 142 (P = .0006), with maximum for individual mares ranging from d 114 to 170, and also ranging from 115.4 to 286.1 pg/mg. In all cases, maximum concentrations were followed by a gradual decline toward parturition with a more rapid decrease 1 to 3 days before parturition. The first significant decrease following the maximum concentration was 91.40 ± 13.11 (P = .0024) at d 184. Estrone sulfate was 12.1 ± 3.8 one day prepartum and decreased to .4 ± .1 and .1 ± .01 at d 1 and 4 postpartum, respectively. The mean concentrations of PdG (ng/mg Cr) increased from 147 ± 4.3 at d 0 to 50.87 ± .17 (NS, P> .05), 36.8 ± 8.1 (P = .016), and 27.6 ± 7.3 (P = .049) at d 6, 8 and 10, respectively. This increase was followed by a decline and generally the levels fluctuated ranging from 20 to 30 ng/mg Cr until d 80. At d 86, the PdG levels increased to 54.7 ± 11.7 (P = .033). This was followed by a further increase to 141.8 ± 21.4 (P = .0139, compared to d 93) at d 135, then continued to increase to 213.0 ± 25.2 at d 198, and remained at this approximate level until d 303. During the last month of gestation, the mean concentrations of PdG increased from 171.8 ± 9.8 at d 29 prepartum to reach a peak of 388.4 ± 108.6 at d 7 prepartum. Maximum concentrations were followed by a slight decrease to 354.5 ± 84.0 at d 1 prepartum and then decreased to 150.6 ± 23.4 and 39.6 ± 9.3 ng/mg Cr at d 1 and 4 postpartum. In comparing the two hormones, E1S remained baseline followed by a slight increase at d 35, whereas PdG was relatively stable until both hormones increased after d 70 of gestation. This might be related to secretion of both hormones by the fetus and their rapid metabolism by placenta. Estrone sulfate reached a peak at approximately d 142 followed by a decline toward parturition while PdG showed a rapid increase from d 70 to 150, followed by a slow sustained increase to d 300 then increased dramatically again before parturition, while El S continued to decline. The profile of these urinary hormones throughout pregnancy appeared to parallel previously published concentrations in blood. Since the patterns of urinary EIS and PdG are different, their sites and mechanism of metabolism are likely different. The results indicate that the presence of the feto-placental unit is important for the secretion of both estrogens and progestins throughout pregnancy and thus could be utilized as a reliable method for pregnancy determination after three months of pregnancy. / Graduation date: 1993

Graduation date: 1999

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 C68 / Master of Science

Das Equine metabolische Syndrom, das Equine Cushing Syndrom und die häufig daraus resultierende Hufrehe stellen den behandelnden Tierarzt noch immer vor Probleme bezüglich Diagnostik und Therapie. Grund hierfür sind fehlende einheitliche endokrinologische Parameter, die eine Einschätzung des Krankheitszustandes des jeweiligen Tieres ermöglichen. Für Ponys fehlt es gänzlich an statistisch validen Referenzbereichen für die, an den Krankheiten beteiligten Hormonen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Aktivität von Insulin, sowie die Konzentration von Insulinwachstumsfaktor-1 (IGF-1) und adrenocorticotropem Hormon (ACTH) im Blut von 130 klinisch gesunden, erwachsenen Ponys bestimmt. Damit liegen erstmals Ergebnisse vor, welche auf einer für die Erstellung von Referenzwerten ausreichend großen Fallzahl basieren. Die Analyse fand mittels eines immunometrischen Chemielumineszenz-Assays an drei aufeinander folgenden Tagen statt. Anhand einer Dreifachuntersuchung am ersten Untersuchungstag wurde für jedes Hormon der 95 %-Referenzbereich bestimmt. Für Insulin konnte ein Referenzbereich von 2,0 - 34,3 µU/ml ermittelt werden. Damit liegen die Werte unterhalb den für Großpferde veröffentlichen Werten, wobei ein direkter Vergleich nur bedingt möglich ist. Für Insulinwachstumsfaktor-1 wurden für Pferde noch keine Werte erhoben. Somit ist ein Vergleich zwischen Großpferden und Ponys diesbezüglich noch nicht möglich. Für Ponys liegt der hier ermittelte Referenzbereich zwischen 48,3 und 382,6 ng/ml. Für die Konzentration von adrenocorticotropem Hormon gibt es in der Literatur unterschiedliche Angaben sowohl für Ponys als auch für Großpferde. Mit dieser Studie wurde der 95 %-Referenzbereich für Ponys bei 6,5 bis 23,3 pg/ml ermittelt. Es konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alter der Tiere und der ACTH-Konzentration nachgewiesen werden. Der Referenzbereich der Gruppe B (13 bis 32 Jahre) reicht von 7,1 pg/ml bis 27,7 pg/ml und unterscheidet sich damit signifikant von dem Referenzbereich der Gruppe A (drei bis 12 Jahre), welcher zwischen 5,9 pg/ml und 22,2 pg/ml ermittelt wurde. Durch die Bestimmung der Hormonkonzentration an drei aufeinander folgenden Tagen konnte die Empfindlichkeit der Hormone gegenüber enzymatischem Abbau überprüft werden. Die Proben wurden an Tag 1 aufgetaut und anschließend bei 4°C gelagert. Lediglich für adrenocorticotropes Hormon konnte eine signifikante Reduzierung (p< 0,001) der Werte um 5,4 % an Tag 3 im Vergleich zu Tag 1 festgestellt werden. Das Chemielumineszens-Assay-Testverfahren mit den Geräten der IMMULITE 2000-Reihe wurde hinsichtlich seiner Präzisionen überprüft, indem der Variationskoeffizient für die Intra-Assay-Untersuchung und die Inter-Assay-Untersuchung berechnet wurde. Für das Verfahren konnte eine ausreichende (Variationskoeffizienten ACTH: 5,2 % bzw. 5,4%), für die Untersuchung von Insulin und IGF-1 sogar eine hervorragende (Variationskoeffizienten Insulin: 3,9 % bzw. 4,7 %; Variationskoeffizienten IGF-1: 2,6 % bzw.2,9 %) Testgenauigkeit nachgewiesen werden.

Background: Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) datasets of 12 healthy adult Shetland ponies were performed and analysed. Linear measurements of head length and width were taken. Using semi-automatic segmentation, 3D-models of all sinus compartments were created. Volumetric measurement of the seven sinus compartments were conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Sinus volumes were compared between the left and right sinuses and the relation to age and head size was evaluated. Results: Structure and shape of the paranasal sinus system in Shetland ponies was similar to that of large horses. All seven sinus compartments on each side of the head were identified (rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, middle conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus). The existence of a bilateral cranial and a caudal system formed by a maxillary septum was visible in all 12 individuals. The volumetric sizes of the left and right sinuses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between the size of the paranasal sinuses and the head length was shown. A relation between sinus volumes and age could not be proved in adult ponies aged > six years. Communication between single sinus compartments was identified. Furthermore, communication with the nasal cavity over the nasomaxillary aperture (Apertura nasomaxillaris) and a common sinonasal channel (Canalis sinunasalis communis) as well as its splitting up into a rostral and a caudolateral channel could be seen. Examination of the sinonasal communication was challenging and only a descriptive evaluation was possible. Conclusions: Our findings concerning the size, shape and volumetric dimensions of Shetland pony CT images could help improve CT interpretation of abnormal clinical cases as well as aiding clinicians to develop and select appropriate instruments for medical inspection and treatments.