Thesis (M.C.L.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1987. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82).

Thesis (M.S.Eco.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-126). Also available on the Internet.

Proefschrift--Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 2007. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-216).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008. / Title from title screen (site viewed Feb. 17, 2009). PDF text: vi, 199 p. : ill. ; 6 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3325855. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

The current state of the art in water quality profiling is reviewed to lay a foundation in addressing concerns over poor data in developing countries which has not been adequately covered by previous models. A particular focus is made on Ogbese River, southwest Nigeria as a case study. A process-based model with data-filling capability is projected which transforms processes into an event as a reasonably easy way for assessing and predicting river-water quality in the event of constraints in data collection. The structure of the study involves: (i) hydrologic modelling, (ii) hydraulic load modelling and (iii) instream water quality modelling. The hydrologic modelling assesses and makes use of satellite based rainfall estimates subject to processing and reliability tests. A modification to the conceptual relationship of rainfall distribution frequency which makes the model output sensitive to the season was derived. The hydraulic load modelling integrates diffuse sources of pollutant as spatial data in combination with the catchment runoff. A distance decay weighing factor was introduced into the export coefficient to better determine the effective load delivered into the stream. The utility of the model, implemented on WASP platform, was demonstrated by showing how it can be used for scenario testing. Different modelling concepts were evaluated in view of their ability to produce predictions under changing circumstances using the predictions as guide to management. This study promotes a knowledge base in water quality processes by evaluation of the processes which lead to the end product rather than using data monitoring. The study structures understanding of the phenomena that characterises river water quality and tailors it towards regulatory applications and catchment planning. It, also, provides a sustainable strategy to predict the river water quality, evaluate the risks, and take proactive action in setting up an early warning system, for data-poor regions.

This thesis explores how low-income women in Cairo respond to gender inequalities in their daily lives, both in the household and in the informal labour market. The aim is to generate knowledge about the diversity of gender relations and ideologies in the Egyptian context and to contribute to broader theoretical debates regarding gender and resistance, with a view to informing both policy and feminist activism. The thesis argues that a modified concept of "everyday forms of resistance" provides a way forward for a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of women's responses to their positions of relative subordination, than do either Marxist approaches to power and consciousness, or the a-historical usage of the notion of patriarchy. The study is based on participant observation and in-depth interviews in four low-income neighbourhoods in Cairo over a period of 15 months. Within the household, research focused on four specific arrangements: pre-marital expectations, marriage negotiations, sexuality, and intra-household decision making. With the labour market, two types of women's work were explored; home-based piece-work, and waged work in small-scale workshops. The links between women's options in workplace and in the household were examined. Results of this exploratory study show that women's perceptions and responses are varied, complex, contradictory and in continuous flux as they interact with broader socio-economic conjunctures. Women displayed both defiance and compliance, both a lack of articulated awareness of their self-interest, and high levels of awareness of some of the injustices against them as women. Sometimes, their actions were pragmatic seeking immediate relief. At other times, they sought more medium or longer-term gains. In some instances, they acted individually and covertly and at other times they acted collectively and articulated their discontent forcefully. Any single conclusion about women's agency would thus be erroneous. Attempts to advance women's interests are also bound to be varied and complex.

Universidade Federal do Cearà / ESPI e HemodiÃlise. O estudo compreendeu duas fases, transversal em uma primeira fase e prospectivamente durante os dois anos seguintes (2007-2009) para avaliar as alteraÃÃes do sono, sintomas depressivos e a mortalidade em pacientes em hemodiÃlise (HD). Dos 400 pacientes estudados 59% eram homens, idade=51,6Â15,5, em HD hà 5,9Â5,5 anos. SÃndrome de pernas inquietas (SPI) presente em 21,5% predominou em mulheres (p< 0,005); 55,8% apresentavam SPI moderada/grave (International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS)>15),e 44,2% sintomas leves. Pacientes com SPI apresentavam reduÃÃo da hemoglobina (p < 0,005) e tendÃncia a hipoalbuminemia (p=0,06). Mà qualidade do sono (Ãndice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, IQSP>5) foi mais comum nos indivÃduos com SPI tinham quando comparados aos que nÃo tinham SPI (69,8% vs 56,8%, p=0,002). O risco de SAOS foi maior nos casos com SPI (todos os casos p = 0,01 e casos com SPI moderada/grave, p=0,007, respectivamente). Os casos com SPI moderada/grave associaram-se com hipertensÃo arterial (p=0,01) que permaneceu apÃs o controle para o risco de SAOS (p=0,02). Os turnos de diÃlise nÃo se relacionaram com transtornos do sono nem com sintomas depressivos e outras variÃveis clÃnicas e laboratoriais. AlteraÃÃes do sono e sintomas depressivos na HD. Foram utilizados os questionÃrios IQSP, a Escala de SonolÃncia de Epworth (ESE), o questionÃrio de Berlin, o IDB-II e o Ãndice de Comorbidades de Charlson (ICC). Os fatores de risco independentes associados com a mà qualidade do sono (56,8%) foram insuficiÃncia cardÃaca (OR=1,99, p=0,006), envelhecimento (OR=1,01, p=0,009). Os fatores de risco independentes para depressÃo (BDI-II>16, 19,3%) foram diabetes (OR=2,96, p=0,001], gÃnero feminino (OR=1,96, p=0,007), e hipoalbuminemia (OR=1,86, p=0,024). Mortalidade. O teste mÃltiplo de regressÃo mostrou que, em ambos os gÃneros, o aumento das comorbidades (p<0,005) e idade avanÃada (p<0,005) associaram-se com a mortalidade. Nas mulheres, o Ãndice de comorbidades determinou a mortalidade (p<0,005). Em homens, hipoalbuminemia (p=0,007), idade mais avanÃada(p<0,005), paratormÃnio reduzido (p=0,001) e sonolÃncia excessiva (p=0,03) diurna constituem fatores de risco para mortalidade. ConclusÃes. A prevalÃncia de depressÃo nos pacientes em HD à maior que na populaÃÃo geral. GÃnero feminino, diabetes, insuficiÃncia cardÃaca, hipoalbuminemia e idade sÃo condiÃÃes importantes associadas com depressÃo nos pacientes de HD e constituem caracterÃsticas Ãteis para identificar com prioridade os pacientes que podem se beneficiar com o tratamento da depressÃo apÃs o seu rastreamento. As mulheres e indivÃduos com anemia tÃm risco maior de SPI e SPI revelou-se importante nesse estudo pela sua associaÃÃo nas formas moderada/grave com hipertensÃo arterial, alÃm de depressÃo e mà qualidade do sono. BenefÃcios do tratamento adequado com possÃvel impacto nesses parÃmetros devem ser avaliados. SonolÃncia excessiva diurna associada com doenÃa cerebrovascular e anemia instiga a possibilidade de que a correÃÃo da anemia pode melhorar a sonolÃncia um conhecido fator de risco para DCV e mortalidade. A influÃncia de fatores distintos na mortalidade de homens e mulheres nesses pacientes merece ser explorada. . / SPI and Hemodialysis. The study comprised two phases, first phase in a cross-sectional and prospectively over the next two years (2007-2009) to evaluate sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms and mortality in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Of the 400 patients studied 59% were men, mean age = 51.6  15.5 in HD for 5.9  5.5 years. Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) present in 21.5% predominated in women (p <0.005), 55.8% had RLS impairment (International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS)> 15) and 44.2% mild symptoms. RLS patients had a reduction in hemoglobin (p <0.005) and tendency to hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.06). Poor quality of sleep (Sleep Quality Index in Pittsburgh, PSQI> 5) was more common in individuals with RLS were compared to those without RLS (69.8% vs 56.8%, p = 0.002). The risk of OSA was higher in patients with RLS (all cases p = 0.01 and RLS cases with moderate / severe, p = 0.007, respectively). Cases with SPI moderate / severe were associated with hypertension (p = 0.01) that remained after controlling for risk of OSA (p = 0.02). The shifts of dialysis were not related to sleep disorders or depression symptoms and other clinical and laboratory findings. Sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in HD. We used the PSQI questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Berlin questionnaire, the BDI-II and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The independent risk factors associated with poor sleep quality (56.8%) were heart failure (OR = 1.99, p = 0.006), age (OR = 1.01, p = 0.009). The independent risk factors for depression (BDI-II> 16, 19.3%) were diabetes (OR = 2.96, p = 0.001), female gender (OR = 1.96, p = 0.007), and hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.86, p = 0.024). Mortality. The multiple regression test showed that in both genders, increasing age and comorbidities were associated with mortality. In women, the comorbidity rates determined mortality (p<005). In men, hypoalbuminemia ((p=0.007), older age (p<005), parathyroid hormone (p=0.001) and reduced excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.03) were associated with mortality. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression in HD patients is higher than the general population. Female gender, diabetes, heart failure, hypoalbuminemia and age are important conditions associated with depression in HD patients and are useful features to identify priority patients who may benefit from the treatment of depression after his screening. Women and individuals with anemia are at greater risk of SPI and SPI has proved important in this study by its association forms moderate / severe arterial hypertension, and depression and poor sleep quality. Benefits of treatment and a possible impact on these parameters must be evaluated. Somnolence excessive daytime sleepiness associated with cerebrovascular disease and anemia instigates the possibility that correction of anemia may improve sleepiness a known risk factor for CVD and mortality. The influence of different factors on mortality in men and women in these patients deserves to be explored.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role played by urban agriculture (UA) in alleviating poverty in poor and low income households of Harare. It further examined the factors that confront the practice. The study was conducted after a realisation that despite not receiving much support from city by- laws, poor and low income households of Harare continue to engage in agricultural activities yearly. The desk research method was used to acquire information from a vast of secondary data sources. The secondary sources which were qualitative in nature provided the research with broad literature on urban agriculture and poverty in Harare, Zimbabwe and the world at large. However, a case study research design was employed whereby an in-depth analysis of the topic focused on poor and low income farmers of Harare Province. Literature reviewed and analysed was organised into themes and categories that portrayed urban agriculture as a crucial tool for alleviating poverty. It was also viewed as a tool that can be used as a sustainable livelihood. Despite other factors affecting the performance of urban farmers, lack of clear policies and city by- laws that guide agriculture in the study area proved to be a huge hindrance. Therefore, to achieve sustainable livelihoods and reduce poverty, the research suggested that instead of different pieces of city by- laws governing the practice in Harare and Zimbabwe there is need for one clear urban agriculture policy. It was concluded that the government and city authorities remain the key to unlocking UA‟s full potential by providing formal support to the practice by organising formulation of an inclusive urban agriculture policy that will be understood by every citizen.

At the Castle Creek study area a remarkably well exposed section in the Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup, was measured to document potential lateral and vertical changes in facies. Here, a consistent lateral succession of facies was observed consisting of matrix-poor sandstone to clayey sandstone to bipartite bed to sandy claystone, collectively overlain by a thin-bedded turbidite and mudstone cap. These changes are interpreted to reflect particle settling in a negligibly-sheared sand-mud suspension following detachment from the margins of an avulsion jet. Vertically, similar facies stack to form packages 2-7 beds thick implying temporary stabilization of jet-margin dynamics. At a larger scale facies stack to form three stratal assemblages. SA-1: intercalated matrix-rich and matrix-poor strata and SA-2: matrix-rich strata stack vertically and laterally but then are sharply overlain everywhere by classical turbidites of SA-3, indicating a dramatic change from deposition immediately downflow of an avulsion node to conventional levee deposition.