This study lnvestigates the effect of the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) on the planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. On the former, the OAE was the cause of major extinctions within the population, the return to pre-OAE oxygen levels permitting recolonization of the vacated niches. On the latter, the OAE caused extinctions but resulted in a low oxygen tolerant fauna which slowly evolved into the vacated niches on the post-oAE recovery of oxygen levels. The changes in the foraminiferal populations have been integrated With changes in other marine organisms through the late Cenomanian.

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Rural regions in Australia have been, and continue to be, distinguished by very different population and labour market characteristics than those of more urbanised areas. Since the 1980s, rural regions have been exposed to a range of economic events and policies which has impacted on the structure and composition of the population and the labour force. These changes include trade liberalisation and globalisation, deregulation, declining numbers of agricultural establishments, advances in technology, increases in productivity and changes in the levels of public and private provision of goods and services. In addition, in recent years, serious shortages of labour, particularly skilled labour, has emerged as a major issue facing rural regions. However, there has been little economic research into rural labour markets relative to other labour markets, particularly since the 1980s. While there has been significant public discussion and political debate in recent years on the apparent changes experienced by rural regions, evidence regarding the nature, causes and impacts of these changes has often been anecdotal. For example, there is the popular notion of the �tree change� which refers to the idea that people are leaving metropolitan areas and moving to rural areas. Concurrently, there is also the significant discussion on the �rural downturn�, which refers to the belief that rural regions are declining in term of population and employment growth. Further, the agricultural sector has continued to be cited as the likely cause for downturns in rural population and employment growth rates in rural areas. However, again, there is a lack of economic research to substantiate these claims. The aim of this thesis is to redress the lack of economic research and to provide a comprehensive analysis of rural labour markets and population in Australia since the 1980s. Analysis focuses on the changing structure and composition of rural labour markets and the impact of population shifts on rural localities. Evidence is provided on the extent to which two decades of significant structural, technological and regulatory change have impacted on rural labour markets in Australia. This then provides a sound basis for the policy discussion in this thesis on population and labour market changes in rural Australia and the causes and implications of these changes.

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Charles University, Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Doctoral study programme: Environmental Sciences Summary of the Doctoral thesis Impact of Climate Change on Czech Bird Populations Vliv klimatické změny na ptačí populace v České Republice Mgr. Tomáš Telenský Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Jiří Reif, Ph.D. Prague, 2018 Abstract Climate change is one of the most important drivers of biodiversity. If it proceeds at current pace, it will lead to homogenization and pose a serious threat to biodiversity. Birds, as one of the most researched taxonomic groups, are successfully used as indicators of biodiversity of the whole ecosystems, and thus offer an excellent opportunity to study the overall impact of climate change. We use data from repeated annual monitoring programmes in Czech Republic, Breeding Bird Monitoring Programe, based on point counts, and Constant Effort Sites mist- netting ringing programme, capture-mark-recapture schema. We found that: 1. Population growth of 6 out of 37 resident species responded negatively to seasons with lower winter temperatures. The response was stronger in species feeding on animals. 2. Long-distance (LD) migrants' breeding productivity responds negatively to higher spring temperatures and advanced spring as indicated by earlier leaf unfolding of three tree...

Det sker stora förändringar i de regional likt globala fågelbestånden. I Sverige sker både ökningar och minskningar av populationerna, vilket orsakas av flera olika faktorer. En av dessa är tillgången på föda. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om avslutad fågelmatning någon påverkan på ett lokalt fågelbestånd.Fågelsamhället på Fredriksdals museer och trädgårdar i Helsingborg studerades medstandardiserade revirkarteringar med en anpassad linjekartering av området under perioden 2017–2022. De faktorer som undersöks är förhållandet mellan de arter som förekommer vid matning eller ej, förhållandet mellan stann- och flyttfåglar samt utvecklingen av det totala antalet arter och par under undersökningsperioden. Resultatet visar att det totala antalet fåglar på Fredriksdal minskat med 50% under de senaste sex åren medan antalet arter varit stabilt. Det observerades ingen signifikant skillnad i minskningen av de fåglar som förekommer vid matning och gruppen som inte förekommer vid matningen. Det fanns inte heller någon signifikant skillnad mellan minskningen av de övervintrande fåglarna och flyttfåglarna. Dessa båda grupper visade en stabil negativ trend över undersökningsperioden. Detta betyder att den upphörda fågelmatningen kan ha påverkat bestånden negativt men det är isfallbara för enskilda arter och det kan inte förklara den totala minskningen. Några delförklaringar till den negativa trenden är klimatförändringarna som på global nivå påverkar fågelbestånden, förändringar i habitat både på Fredriksdal och på flyttfåglarnas övervintringslokaler och minskad tillgång på föda främst på grund av det minskande antalet insekter i hela Europa. / There are major changes in regional as well as global bird populations. In Sweden, there are both increases and decreases in populations, which is caused by several different factors. One of these is the availability of food. Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy is to investigate whether completed bird feeding at Fredriksdal's museums and gardens in Helsingborg has any impact on the local bird population. The method used is standardized area mapping with an adapted line mapping of the area during the period 2017–2022. The factors investigated are the ratio between the species that occur when feeding or not, the ratio between resident and migratory birds and the development of the total number of species and pairs during the study period. The result shows that the total number of birds at Fredriksdal has decreased by 50% over the past six years, while the number of species has remained stable. No significant difference was observed in the reduction of the birds present at feeding and the group not present at feeding. There was also no significant difference between the decline of wintering birds and migratory birds. These two groups showed a stable negative trend over the survey period. This means that the cessation of bird feeding may have had a negative effect on the populations, but it is icefall only for individual species and it cannot explain the overall decline. Some partial explanations for the negative trend are the climate changes that affect bird populations on a global level, changes in habitat both at Fredriksdal and at the migratory birds' wintering grounds as well as reduced availability of food mainly due to the decreasing number of insects throughout Europé.