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The aim of this thesis is to prepare a complex project of regeneration of the calamity clearing in the Rožnov district. The district is under the administration of the Forests of the Czech Republic (LČR) state enterprise, more specifically under the Rožnov pod Radhoštěm Forest Administration. The project addresses the beginning of the change of the species composition in selected stands on 3 large calamity clearings resulting from salvage logging with the long-term aim to create stands of the original species composition. The total area of these calamity clearings is 65,42 ha. Extensive planting will take place between 2019 and 2023. Within project activities, the whole area will be planted with a wide range of tree species. Other parts of the project include follow-up activities that address the initial protection of planted stands. This will consist in mechanical and chemical protection against wildlife damage and protection against weed pressure. The last part of the project is an adjustment of the composition of growing stands by cutting pioneer species. Direct economic costs are processed as part of the project.

Grasslands represent a significant part (22 %) of the agricultural land fund in the Czech Republic. Grasslands are primarily responsible for production and non-production functions. They have wide ranges of enlargement and are therefore considered to be one of the richest sources of diversity. Variety of non-productive functions, such as anti-erosion or aesthetic function, are associated with species diversity. For the maintenance of grassland, it is essentials to breed, which consists mainly in mowing and fertilizing. The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the influence of fertilization intensity (non-fertilized, PK, N90+PK and N180+PK) and different intensity of utilization (two- and free-leaf vegetation) on the species diversity and quality of semi-natural grass on the experimental area of Kameničky in years 2016 and 2017. The percentage of agrobotanic groups was influenced mainly by the intensity of fertilization. The ratio of grasses increased with higher fertilizer intensity, but the impact of fertilization on herbs was opposite. PK fertilization appeared to be positive for the representation of clover. A higher number of cuts appeared to be positive for clover and other herbs. The number of species was highest (P < 0,05) in the non-fertilized variant and PK variant. This also coincides with the diversity index, which showed the highest (P < 0,05) values also on these variants. Three-way use appeared to be positive for higher values of diversity indices. Equivalence reached the highest values on the N90+PK variants where more balanced stands were. The production of forage dry matter and the quality of grassland increased along with the intensity of fertilization. Higher intensity of use was seen as a positive impal on average forage solids production.

The forest floor is one of the components of the forest ecosystem, which significantly affects the composition of the soil and thus significantly affects the productivity and stability of forest habitat. The quality and quantity of humus and humus substance (HS), viz. humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), is an important soil characteristic. The diploma thesis evaluates the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) /stock of forest floor; the content and supply of the total carbon and nitrogen, C/N ratio; the content and supply of the total carbon in humus substance (HS), humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA); Q4/6 ratio and the degree of humification/ in spruce stand at an age of 35 years in second generation and beech stand at an age of 45 years in first generation after spruce stand on the field research station Rájec-Němčice of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland (49°26''31''N and 16°41'30''E) in the Czech Republic on the modal oligotrophic Cambisol of a fir-beech forest vegetation zone at an a altitude of 600--660 m at sites of autochthonous mixed forests. Results obtained showed that the higher accumulation of forest floor was determined under the spruce stand than under beech stand. The HA/FA ratio is higher in the spruce stand as against the beech stand where young fulvic acids. The ratio Q4/6 is more favourable in the F layer under spruce stand, in the layer H is more favourable in beech stand and in the Ah horizon is the ratio Q4/6 similar. Degree of humification SH I and II is similar in both stands, appears to be more favourable in the stand of beech. Results obtained prove the suitability of beech distribution to the present sites of extensive spruce monocultures of Central and Eastern Europe in order to return to original mixed stands.

This thesis deals with structure and natural regeneration of acidophylic mountain beech forest stand in the western part of the Giant Mountains. Within the measurement of data for my thesis, I established four new permanent research plots in western part of Giant Mountains at LHC Harrachov, specifically it were plots: Dvoračky 1, Dvoračky 2, Dvoračky 3 and Dvoračky 4. Each of these permanent research plots was with dimensions 50 × 50 m (2500 m2). On each plot I measured all individuals with the diameter breast-height d1,3>12cm. For each individual were measured diameter breast-height, hight, hight of crown baze, crown projection and I numbered the trees. For each of the individuals I also measured coordinates X and Y (X along to fall line, Y on the contour line) to record their layout on the plot. Afterwards I marked out a transect with dimensions 5 × 50 m (250 m2) on the plot, in which I recorded all present viable individuals with the diameter breast-height up to 12 cm. I found out their coordinates X and Y, height and the width of the crown. For evaluation of the height-structure I divided the nature regeneration into the height classes. I also conducted on the permanent research plots pedologic and dednrochronological research. Within pedological research in each plot I dug soil pits and took samples from all soil horizons. The measured data were subsequently processed by the help of mathematical-statistical methods and pedological samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the research institute.

The thesis deals with analysis and modeling of the structure and development of selected mixed forests in protected areas of the Sudeten system, especially in the Giant Mountains national parks, Protected Landscape Area Broumovsko and Orlické Mountains, but also in other areas of the Czech Republic. This study is composed of a set of six published manuscripts that are covering three thematic ranges: structure of forest stands, regeneration of forest stands and forest modeling. The main objective of this work was to evaluate a vertical, horizontal and species structure, total diversity and development of mixed forest stands in central Sudetes. The partial aim was to analyse production parameters of forest stands, effect of microrelief and game on natural regeneration and assessment of dead wood in the area of interest. Further, the objective of the study was to develop explicit and non-explicit crown width and slenderness quotient models for Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and to predict the development of mixed forest ecosystem using growth simulations and to evaluate parameters and interactions among stand structure, climatic factors and natural regeneration, using especially analysis of variance, correlation matrix, spatial statistic and multivariate analysis. For this purpose a system of permanent research plots was used, which are regularly monitored since 1980 or were newly established. Using mapping technology FieldMap, selected parameters were measured for tree layer, natural regeneration individuals and dead wood. The results showed that the spatial distribution of beech stands in optimum stadium changes with the altitude from the regular pattern through random to aggregated spatial pattern of beech forests near the timberline. The spatial distribution of natural regeneration is highly aggregated, distribution of stumps is random and horizontal structure of the centroids of the crowns is always more regularly distributed than stems due to crown plasticity. Browsing damage of the leading shoot by game is an important limiting factor for height growth of natural regeneration, especially for silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The study of the influence of microrelief on the growth of beech regeneration showed that the highest average height was found on slope and pits, while the lowest on the mounds. From the effect of climatic factors on the radial growth of trees, it was found that temperature is a limiting factor for growth in mountain areas, respectively that positive effect of temperature decreases with decreasing altitude and conversely the influence of precipitation increases. Finally, spatially explicit models (as opposed to non-explicit) described a larger part of the crown width variations for spruce and beech and of the slenderness quotient for spruce. The largest contribution to the models after breast diameter was dominant height.

Watercourses cross our landscape and they are indispensable part of it as part of water cycle. Watercourse and its accompanying vegetation constitute a functional element of the landscape. In The thesis summarizes information from available domestic and foreign literature sources in the literature review. It describes the characteristics of watercourses, banks and accompanying vegetation, its features and principles of a restoration and care. Possibilities of a biological and biotechnical stabilization of banks are also mentioned. This information has been applied in the design of reconstruction of accompanying vegetation of watercourse. 850 meters long stretch of Mohelka River in northern Bohemia was selected as a model object. On the stretch analyzes of vegetation and banks were carried out. The design of silvicultural measures, new plantings and banks stabilizations was based on these analyzes. The care plan was also designed. For all the designed measures the costing was made.