The State of Mississippi wants to manage its oyster resource to increase production, quality, ecological, and economic benefits. In this study, we employ modern portfolio theory (MPT) to test if there are potential gains to hold multiple oyster resources for multiple benefits to aid the state's effort in achieving its goal. Using a Delphi approach, we elicit complete sets of data on ecosystem services (on oxygen, nutrients, sedimentation, and salinity) across multiple oyster resources (traditional plantings, off-bottom farms, and restored reefs). A benefit transfer method is used later to assigned money-metric value to each service estimate. The multiple service values are then aggregated into net service value. We compute the means, standard deviations, and correlations of benefits across all resources using the net service values, and generate efficient frontiers from that information. Results indicate that Mississippi could benefit from holding multiple oyster resources while focusing more on off-bottom oyster farms.

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The phenomenon of overtourism, characterized by its multifaceted impacts on destinations, has emerged as a major concern in the tourism industry. This dissertation aims to explore the dynamics of overtourism, emphasizing the dual impacts of main-source tourism markets on destinations in terms of their economic, social, and environmental consequences. Unlike existing literature, which focuses primarily on the negative aspects of overtourism, the present study illustrates the nuanced interaction between tourism markets by highlighting both their potential benefits and disadvantages. This study offers an in-depth analysis of cost and benefit factors based on a priori and a posteriori segmentation methodologies, combined with time-series analysis and limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) methods. Based on three case studies—Hong Kong, Malta, and Barbados—from 1980 to 2021, this study demonstrates the heterogeneous nature of the impacts across destinations and the complexities of market aggregation and interaction. The study identifies gaps in the conventional narrative of overtourism and introduces an interdisciplinary approach to the investigation. Based on the symbiotic framework, coupled with the Portfolio Theory, market aggregations and interactions can be classified into mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Additionally, the ‘limits of acceptable change' (LAC) and the ‘level of analysis problem' (LAP) frameworks have been utilized to further examine dominant and non-dominant markets' aggregation effects and interaction dynamics, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of overtourism's complexity. Key findings suggest tailoring strategies to address overtourism, emphasizing the balance between minimizing costs and optimizing benefits. Based on the findings of this study, policymakers and stakeholders must develop strategies that respond to the challenges associated with overtourism by integrating empirical measures with theoretical frameworks.

Participating in the ancillary services market, alongside the day-ahead market, can be economically beneficial for market actors. However, adopting an optimal bidding strategy is not straight forward. The decision-making process is subject to uncertainty, due to the prices being unknown before gate closure times. Furthermore, at some instances, the day-ahead production schedule might have to change to obtain the ability of reserving capacity. Previous research have studied the gains of adopting a coordinated bidding strategy. However, most of this research focus on the day-ahead market and the intraday market. Less focus it put on the ancillary services market. Additionally, smaller case studies are often carried out in previous research. For producers owning multiple power plants, treating every plant individually turns into a time consuming and complex process. This project constructs a model that instead uses a top-down approach. A system of hydropower plants is aggregated into one curve, representing the water valuation. This, together with a representation of available capacity for the system, gives the cost of delivering capacity. The cost is incurred through not producing optimally on the day-ahead market. Thereafter, modern portfolio theory is applied when determining how to allocate between the different products. Modifications to the traditional theory are made in order to better suit this context. Price forecasts are modelled as expected return, and historical price forecasting errors represents the risk. The model output is bid ladders for all capacity ancillary services. A top-down approach makes it possible for large scale producers to adopt the methodology, and results in a structured way of constructing the bids, while aiming at spreading the risk.

This thesis describes statistical approaches of investment portfolio constructions. The theoretic part presents modern portfolio theory and specific statistical methods used to estimate expected revenue and risk of portfolio. These procedures are specifically selection method, modelling volatility using multivariate GARCH model, primarily DCC GARCH procedure and Bayes approach with Jeffrey's and conjugated density. The practical part of the thesis covers application of above mentioned statistical methods of investment portfolio constructions. The maximization of Sharp's ratio was chosen as optimization task. Researched portfolios are created from Austria Traded Index issues of shares where suitable time series of historical daily closed prices. Results attained within assembled portfolios in two year investment interval are later compared.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-28T19:53:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 22d.pdf: 918974 bytes, checksum: 2f92ab487fda6b55fbdf0dfb679cc081 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T19:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 22d.pdf: 918974 bytes, checksum: 2f92ab487fda6b55fbdf0dfb679cc081 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Nenhuma / A discussão sobre a eficiência de mercados é recorrente nos estudos de finanças. Este estudo retoma ao tema, ao investigar se é possível ao investidor que seguir recomendações públicas de investimentos obter ganhos superiores aos de mercado. Em relação a estudos anteriores, esta pesquisa acrescenta uma nova variável, a incidência do imposto sobre a renda – I.R. como um importante custo de transação. O atual estudo trabalha com uma carteira com administração ativa formada a partir das indicações de analistas consultados pelo jornal Valor Econômico entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2011. Compõem a amostra, como instrumentos de controle, o índice Ibovespa e três fundos de investimentos com gestão ativa e lastro no Ibovespa. Diversas estatísticas foram calculadas, no intuito de demonstrar o desempenho das carteiras. Testes estatísticos foram realizados com o fim de avaliar a significância estatística das diferenças encontradas (ANOVA e Teste Tukey). Dos resultados, observa-se que, a carteira com administração ativa, CV, apresentou não apenas retornos superiores aos apurados para as demais carteiras, como um desempenho em termos de relação risco/retorno também superior. Entretanto, do ponto de vista estatístico, apenas uma medida de desempenho mostrou-se significante. Isto não permite afirmar de forma categórica a superioridade da administração ativa. Apesar de boa parte dos resultados não serem significativos estatisticamente, pode-se dizer que o investidor não ficaria insensível às diferenças encontradas, pois foi possível observar os seguintes aspectos: obtenção de carteira com resultados superiores para o Índice de Sharpe, o Alfa de Jensen, o Índice de Treynor e Índice M2. Isso tudo permite colocar em dúvida a hipótese de eficiência do mercado de capitais brasileiro. / The discussion on the efficiency of markets is recurring in the studies of finance. This study takes up the theme, to investigate whether it is possible for the investor to follow the recommendations of public investments to market gains. Compared to previous studies, this research adds a new variable, the incidence of income tax – I.R. as an important transaction cost. The current study works with a portfolio with active administration formed from the indications of analysts consulted by the Valor Econômico newspaper between January 2003 and December 2011. Make up the sample, as instruments of control, the Ibovespa index and three investment funds with active management and ballast in the Ibovespa index. Various statistics were calculated, in order to demonstrate the performance of the portfolios. Statistical tests were conducted to evaluate the statistical significance of differences (ANOVA and Tukey Test). The results, it appears that, the active management portfolio, CV, presented not only returns higher than those established for other portfolios, like a performance in terms of risk/return also. However, statistically, only one performance measure proved to be significant. This does not allow State categorical way the superiority of the active administration. Although most of the results were not statistically significant, it can be said that the investor would not be insensitive to differences found, because it was possible to observe the following aspects: getting wallet with superior results to the Sharpe Index, Jensen alpha, the Treynor index and index M2. This all allows you to put in doubt the efficiency of the Brazilian capital market.

The final thesis deals with the construction of a stock portfolio. The traditional portfolio theory models of Markowitz and Sharpe and anomalies based on fundamentals are shown and applied in Germany. In the first part, portfolio theory and fundamentals are explained. The mathematical model is demonstrated in the second part. Empirical results are shown in the last part.

Although nonprofit organization (NPO) leaders play crucial roles in society, financial distress and vulnerability are common for many NPO leaders, with some NPOs closing as a result of these conditions. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore the diversification strategies used by 10 leaders and senior staff of an NPO in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States through the conceptual lens of Markowitz's modern portfolio theory. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews and analysis of organizational documents, internal archival data, social media, literature, and online databases. Through thematic analysis, 7 revenue diversification themes emerged: adding revenue streams; establishing an operating reserve; establishing positive financial performance; achieving financial stability, sustainability, organizational capacity, and organizational resilience; using transparency; achieving efficiency and organizational effectiveness; and using a marketing strategy. Additionally, 7 key themes emerged: documenting and implementing systematic processes, developing an approach to process improvement, implementing cross-department action plans, increasing transparency, reversing the adverse trend in forum participation, building a data-management system, and increasing individual and organizational capacity. These findings have implications for positive social change, in that they may offer NPO executives new insights and strategies to support revenue diversification, thereby helping them to reduce volatility in funding, decrease financial risk, avoid dependence on sole-source revenue, and identify opportunities to increase flexibility in support of organizational goals and objectives to increase services.

<p>I denna magisteruppsats undersöks eventuella långsiktiga samband mellan den svenska aktiemarknaden och aktiemarknaderna i Tyskland, Storbritannien, USA och Japan. Detta sker genom en kointegrationsanalys med Engle-Grangers metod. Undersökningen omfattar åren 1992-2010 och resultaten visar inga tecken på att det skulle existera några långsiktiga samband mellan den svenska aktiemarknaden och någon av de utländska aktiemarknaderna. Resultaten ger därmed indikationer om att den svenska aktiemarknaden tillsammans med de utländska aktiemarknaderna i undersökningen är kollektivt effektiva i åtminstone den svaga formen enligt Fama (1970). Då inga långsiktiga samband existerar bör även portföljdiversifiering mellan den svenska aktiemarknaden och de utländska aktiemarknaderna i undersökningen fungera effektivt på lång sikt.</p> / <p>In this master thesis the Engle-Granger method for cointegration analysis is used to examine long-term relationships between stock markets. The analysis is applied on Swedish stock market together with the stock markets in Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Japan. The result shows no significant signs of any form of long-term relationships between the Swedish and the foreign stock markets for the time period 1992 to 2010. The result therefore indicates that the Swedish stock market together with the foreign stock markets in the study is collectively efficient in at least the weak form according to Fama (1970). The result also indicates that portfolio diversification through investing in the Swedish stock market together with any of the foreign stock markets should be effective in the long run.</p>