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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine. / Analysis of organisms involved in hospital infections has shown that Gram-positive bacteria have assumed an increasingly important role. Examples that have been recognised as important pathogens are staphylococci , enterococci, streptococci, Corynebacterium jeikeium and Leuconostoc species. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci has become a major problem in certain hospitals. Viridans streptococci continue to be the most frequent cause of native valve endocarditis. Leuconostoc species are being increasingly isolated from blood cuIture specimens. strains of Gram-positive bacteria have become resistant to specific antibiotics; e.g. staphylococci to methicillin, enterococci to ampicillin, and viridans streptococci to penicillin. JK corynebacteria are sensitive only to vancomycin and resistant to other antimicrobials normally used for treating infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria. In this study various combinations of antimicrobials against 35 clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria obtained from three hospitals in the Johannesburg area (Johannesburg, Hillbrow, and Baragwanath) from 1987- 1988 were investigated. The MIC / MBC results conformed to others described in worldwide studies. Results when different methodologies for determining synergy were used, varied. This emphasizes the need for standardization, especially with regard to the time-kill studies. Most antimicrobial combinations demonstrated tested against Leuconostoc species synergy using the checkerboard method, but these results were not confirmed by time-kill procedures, which showed mainly indifference. Synergy was also obtained when gentamicin plus ciprofloxacin was combined Corynebacterium jeikeium. Because of increasing resistance and the fact that Gram- positive bacteria cause serious infections, various and new combinations of antimicrobials need to be tested before treating these infections. Parts of this dissertation have been presented at the following congresses: 10th Annual Congress of the Society of Medical. Laboratory Technologists of South Africal Sun city 1989 75th Anniversary Congress of Pathology Johannesburg 1990 11th Annual Congress of the Society of Medical Laboratory Technologists of South Africa, Durban 1991 / Andrew Chakane 2019

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010. / Introduction: Men living with HIV and AIDS generally do not participate in support groups even though evidence supports their effectiveness as a source of valuable support for people living with HIV and AIDS PLWHA). Study Aim: The aim of the study was to explore reasons for the reluctance of HIV positive men to attend support groups and examine their perceptions and understanding of the benefits of attending support groups for PLWHA Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used for this study. A total of five (5) focus group discussions was conducted with HIV positive males receiving ART from Infectious Disease Clinic (IDC) at King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality in Mthatha Data analysis: Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data from the focus groups, using Nvivo8 a qualitative soft ware used for data analysis and coding revealed 10 themes with their sub categories. Findings: Findings of the research indicate that participants perceive support groups as being helpful to PLWHA. Participants have a broad and positive understanding of the benefits of participation in support groups. Reported barriers to participate in support groups included lack of access to support groups in local communities which affected the distance travelled to support groups, inconvenient and awkward timing of the support group sessions and attending mixed gender support groups which was not acceptable for participants. Personal reasons for non participation included fear of potential disclosure of HIV status due to lack of confidentiality in support groups and perception that support from families and friends was adequate. Recommendation: The study recommends the introduction of men only support groups facilitated by male to enhance men’s participation in HIV and AIDS programmes, and thus create an enormous contribution in the curb of the spread of the disease.

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Literature addressing Canada’s immigrant professionals has primarily focused on the negative aspects of life-career transition. Research themes have centered on discouraging features of migration such as barriers, discrimination, underemployment and unemployment. Surprisingly few studies have explored how, in spite of personal and environmental barriers, some new Canadians have found they have flourished in their new country. The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of a group of immigrant professionals who believe they have successfully transitioned in the life-career domains. Using a grounded theory approach, 20 individuals were interviewed about their experiences. Analysis revealed that a combination of internal and external factors contributed or hindered their life-career trajectories. Meaning making, social support and behavioural coping emerged as primary coping strategies. Issues with language and accreditation emerged as significant barriers to life-career development. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Literature addressing Canada’s immigrant professionals has primarily focused on the negative aspects of life-career transition. Research themes have centered on discouraging features of migration such as barriers, discrimination, underemployment and unemployment. Surprisingly few studies have explored how, in spite of personal and environmental barriers, some new Canadians have found they have flourished in their new country. The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of a group of immigrant professionals who believe they have successfully transitioned in the life-career domains. Using a grounded theory approach, 20 individuals were interviewed about their experiences. Analysis revealed that a combination of internal and external factors contributed or hindered their life-career trajectories. Meaning making, social support and behavioural coping emerged as primary coping strategies. Issues with language and accreditation emerged as significant barriers to life-career development. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

The Best PhD Thesis in the Faculties of Dentistry, Engineering, Medicine and Science (University of Hong Kong), Li Ka Shing Prize,2010-11 / published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

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A group of five HIV-positive gay men were compared with a group of five HIV-negative gay men. All participants were currently engaged in therapy. Participants completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the Session Impacts Scale (SIS) in order to determine what these different groups of individuals felt was helpful or hindering in therapy. Results indicated that both groups of participants found therapy to be powerful, valuable, and helpful in that they: (a) learned something new about themselves or others, (b) changed their ways of thinking, (c) acquired insight into issues, (d) were more clear about their feelings, (e) were able to define their problems, and (f) were feeling understood, supported, and close to their counsellor. In comparison to the HIV-negative group, the HIV-positive group experienced many hindering aspects to counselling. Seropositive participants felt: (a) less understood, supported, and close to their counsellor, (b) more confused, or distracted in counselling, (c) more bothered by unpleasant thoughts in counselling, (d) more impatient or doubting of the value of therapy, and (e) felt more angry, more afraid, and less confident during and as a result of therapy. Implications for counselling are discussed.