L’EMDR est une thérapie intégrative créée en 1987 par Shapiro évaluée comme efficace et rapide sur les états de stress post traumatiques. En 1995, elle améliore pour arriver à ce qu’elle appelle le Traitement Adaptatif de l’Information – TAI - (« Adaptative Informational Process : AIP »), révisé en 2001 et 2006. Cette théorie postule qu’il existe au plan cérébral un système de traitement des informations capable d’intégrer les nouvelles expériences à des réseaux de mémoire existants. Depuis d’autres pathologies ont été traitées avec l’EMDR. D’autre part, en 1998, Seligman donne naissance à la psychologie positive. Au lieu de considérer la «santé mentale » comme la « réduction des troubles neuropsychiatriques », il propose non plus d’aider les gens à passer de - 5 à 0 sur l’échelle de bonheur, mais de permettre à chacun de passer de 0 à + 5 sur un continuum de bonheur. Allier ces deux perspectives pose un certain nombre d’interrogations mais ouvre également des perspectives enthousiasmantes. Trois études ont porté sur les forces de caractères avec un échantillon de 60 sujets, pour la première, 100 sujets pour la seconde et une étude de cas avec pour objectif d’évaluer l’optimisation de l’intégration des forces avec des éléments provenant de l’EMDR. Les deux études suivantes ont porté sur la création d’un protocole EMDR d’optimisme et l’étude de ses possibilités. Nos conclusions sont que, plus que jamais, une théorisation rigoureuse est nécessaire (et elle est déjà à l’œuvre dans le cadre de la psychologie positive) et la validation scientifique des assertions est déterminante pour l’efficacité des interventions alliant psychologie positive et EMD / EMDR is an integrative therapy founded in 1987 by Shapiro evaluated as efficient and fast on post traumatic stress. In 1995, she improved the therapy to achieve what she calls the Adaptive Information Processing, or AIP, later revised in 2001 and 2006. This theory posits that there is a map in the brain information processing system able to integrate new experiences to existing networks of memory. Since its inception, other diseases were treated with EMDR. Meanwhile, in 1998, Seligman gave birth to Positive Psychology. Instead of considering mental health as the reduction of neuropsychiatric disorders and help people move from - 5 to 0 on the scale of happiness, he proposed we help everyone go from 0 to +5 on a continuum of happiness. Combining these two perspectives raises a number of questions but also opens up exciting prospects. Three studies have focused on strengths of characters with a sample size of 60 subjects in the first case, 100 subjects in the second, and a case study with the objective of evaluating the value of integrating strengths with elements from EMDR in the third case. The following two studies have focused on the creation of a protocol for an optimism-based EMDR and study its potential. Our conclusions are that, more than ever, a rigorous theory is required (and is already at work in the context of positive psychology) and the scientific validation of assertions is crucial for the effectiveness of interventions combining positive psychology and EMDR

Orientador: Walter Alexandre Carnielli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T07:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarreroGuzman_TomasAndres_M.pdf: 584062 bytes, checksum: b969cc9456140851ae30720d7d2f5d09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O trabalho estuda o papel da negação na logica, abordando os fragmentos positivos da logica proposicional, de forma a atender a dois problemas: a obtenção de teoremas de completude independentes da negação e o problema de paradoxos positivos, como o Paradoxo de Curry. Para o fragmento classico, estuda-se o metodo construtivo de completude proposto por Leon Henkin. Investigam-se as razoes pelas quais este metodo nao pode ser estendido para fragmentos nao-classicos que conseguem evitar a ocorrencia da objeção de Haskel Curry como, por exemplo, os das logicas n-valentes de Jan Lukasiewicz e os (por nos denominados) intuicionistas de Wilhelm Ackermann, quer pelas características da implicação, quer pela presença de um tipo de argumento infinito. O estudo conjunto do metodo de Henkin e do fenomeno da trivialidade positiva permite estabelecer um processo de decidibilidade da logica positiva classica através de um sistema de tablos que utiliza somente recursos metalinguísticos positivos, e propor uma rediscussão a respeito do papel da negação em logica atraves do conceito de paratrivialidade. Nesse contexto discutimos, do ponto de vista conceitual, a relação da logica positiva com o infinito, as possibilidades de se obter uma logica de primeira ordem completa sem negação e o vinculo filosofico entre verdade e significado / Abstract: This work studies some problems connected to the role of negation in logic, treating the positive fragments of propositional calculus in order to deal with two main questions: the proof of the completeness theorems in systems lacking negation, and the puzzle raised by positive paradoxes like the well-known argument of Haskel Curry. We study the constructive completeness method proposed by Leon Henkin for classical fragments endowed with implication, and advance some reasons explaining what makes difficult to extend this constructive method to on-classical fragments equipped with weaker implications (that avoid Curry?s objection). This is the case, for example, of Jan Lukasiewicz?s n-valued logics and Wilhelm Ackermann?s logic of restricted implication. Besides such problems, both Henkin?s method and the triviality phenomenon enable us to propose a new positive tableau proof system which uses only positive meta-linguistic resources, and to motivate a new discussion concerning the role of negation in logic proposing the concept of paratriviality. In this way, some relations between positive reasoning and infinity, the possibilities to obtain a first-order positive logic as well as the philosophical connection between truth and meaning are discussed from a conceptual point of view / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

M.Com. (Industrial Psychology and People Management) / The present investigation is positioned at a crucial juncture in the field of positive psychology where considerable enthusiasm has seen a growing proliferation in research and practice that has outstripped the ability of the field to maintain a sense of meta-theoretical integrity and domain identity. In this study a meta-theoretical taxonomy of positive psychology is developed in order to meet the pressing need for sound meta-theoretical integration that is necessary to facilitate a multiplicity of possible futures for the field of positive psychology. This proposed meta-theoretical taxonomy delimits the dominant constructs in the field according to the taxonomical components of (1) Positive Characteristics, (2) Healthy Processes, and (3) Positive Outcomes. The utility of the developed meta-theoretical taxonomy in organizing dominant constructs within the field informs the central research problem. This problem is addressed by identifying 33 dominant positive psychology constructs, grouping them according to the theoretical principles of the proposed taxonomy, and then empirically examining whether the theoretical organization has utility in explaining latent factor structures and loadings of data for these constructs in the research sample. The research sample employed consisted of 904 undergraduate students at the University of Johannesburg. There were 694 women, 208 men and two individuals with undeclared gender in the sample. These participants represented a diversity of self-declared ethnicities: Black (630), Coloured (59), Indian / Asian (47), and White (164). Within the sample there were 19 different home languages that can be summarized as: Afrikaans (47), English (258), Indigenous South African (588), and other (9). In order to compare the theoretical organization of the 33 dominant constructs with empirically determined data, a 483 item questionnaire was developed and refined using Rasch modelling. The development of the measure of the identified constructs was informed by contemporary theory and measurement pertaining to each of the specific constructs. Following the refined measurement of the constructs, factor analytic procedures were used to determine latent factor structures for the 33 constructs. The latent factor structure and factor loadings of the specific constructs were then compared with the theorized organization determined by the proposed model. The central finding of the present investigation is that the theorized taxonomy is able to account for a deep theoretical conceptualization as to the functioning of the facets of the identified dominant constructs. This greater insight into the functioning and structure of the constructs within the field of positive psychology has profound implications for the manner in which constructs can be understood and for the manner in which these constructs can be elicited and practiced. Collectively, the meta-theoretical components of (1) Positive Characteristics, (2) Healthy Processes, and (3) Positive Outcomes represent an important meta-synthesis that serves to meet the pressing call for the firm theoretical integration necessary to secure an array of sustainable futures within the field of positive psychology.

The aim of the study was to delineate, discuss and analyze major challenges that affect children between the ages of 13 and 18 in the Nyandeni area due to HIV/AIDS. This exploratory study was also performed to identify the categories of children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS. One of the objectives was to provide a descriptive and analytical interpretation of the day to day experiences of children affected by HIV/AIDS. In shaping the sample size, 50 respondents were selected from three wards (2, 3 and 16) of the Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Nyandeni area in the Eastern Cape.The researcher made use of the interview technique to collect data from the respondents. In analysing data, the researcher made use of the quantitative and qualitative measures.The outcome of the study points out that HIV/AIDS is the major threat to children and that there is a significant increase in number of child headed families as a result of HIV/AIDS.

This thesis has considered findings from evaluations of parenting programmes which have traditionally used outcome measures of negative affect and behaviour to measure change. Drawing on the considerable body of research on parenting programmes and their theoretical basis Paper 1 advances a line of argument about the potential for incorporating measures developed from research in the area of positive psychology. Extending outcomes of interest to incorporate measures of positive affect, attitudes and behaviour has the potential to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of change. No studies of parenting programmes using positive outcome measures were identified. Paper 1 concludes that future research of parenting programmes could begin to investigate the role of positive emotions as mechanisms of change. Paper 2 aimed to examine session-by-session changes in gratitude, positive and negative affect, satisfaction, authenticity, self-efficacy, defeat and entrapment in parents attending a Triple P Positive Parenting program. This study found that entrapment had a significant concurrent relationship with gratitude, negative and positive affect, authenticity, and satisfaction with life. Entrapment was also found to be a significant predictor of session by session change with lower levels of entrapment predicting increases in gratitude, negative and positive affect, and satisfaction. The study concludes that reductions in entrapment are a significant predictor of increases in positive affect and attitudes in carers attending a parenting programme. Paper 3 is a critical reflection and considers both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Within this paper the approaches used, the challenges encountered, and future research are considered.

This paper describes the construction of a positive ion source of the electrodeless discharge type and may be divided into two main topis; (1) the radio frequency oscillator and power amplifier and associated power supply and (2) the ionization chamber.

No description available.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg), in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by thesis in the field of Psychology. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2015 / Conventional psychometric measures, such as the IQ score, have significant limitations in addressing the assessment needs of linguistically and culturally diverse communities. In response, working memory assessment has been identified as a promising alternative to these constraints. It is a better predictor of scholastic success than IQ, and is essential in the acquisition of fundamental literacy and numeracy concepts in school beginners. While there is a lot of theoretical and empirical support for working memory performance in typically developing populations, less is known about its functioning in the context of atypical development; particularly in children who are infected with, or exposed to HIV in utero. This study compared the working memory (AWMA) and general neuropsychological functioning (NEPSY-II) of 273 South African school beginners (6-8 years). The sample consisted of both HIV-infected (n = 95), and HIV-exposed (n = 86) children, as well as an uninfected, unexposed typically developing control group (n = 92). Significant differences were found between the three groups on measures of working memory and general neurocognitive functioning, where the processing component of working memory appeared to be particularly impaired in the two HIV-affected atypical groups. A within-group analysis of the relative strengths and weaknesses of each of the three groups showed that both storage and processing skills in the verbal domain appeared to be general weaknesses, while visuospatial working memory was a relative strength. The former is believed to be influenced by issues of linguistic test bias in the multilingual sample, while the latter is posited to be a consequence of this very multilingualism, which affords these children an executive functioning advantage. The two HIV-affected samples also showed significant deviations in the structure of their working memory when compared to the typically developing control group. However, within-group structural comparisons of a number of working memory models showed that the four factor model comprising separate components of the verbal and visuospatial simple and processing components of working memory was still favoured, even in conditions of atypical development. The study contributes to the growing body of working memory research by presenting the working memory profiles of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected children. It also assists in identifying HIV-exposed, uninfected children as a vulnerable and under-researched clinical group which could benefit from further intervention, as well as foregrounding working memory as a less biased alternative in the assessment of paediatric cognitive functioning. / MT2016

Positive memories play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, there are potential clinical benefits of recalling positive memories on affect, cognitions, and behaviors. However, most research/clinical work has focused on the role of traumatic memories in PTSD's symptomatology and treatment. The current study examined positive memory recall difficulties and positive memory phenomenology among 185 trauma-exposed individuals with varying PTSD severity. Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Autobiographical Memory Test, Memory Experiences Questionnaire – Short Form, Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Brief 16-Item Version, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Positive Emotions, the Positive Affect subscale of the Affective Control Scale, and two items from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Results showed that (1) greater PTSD severity was a marginally significant predictor of fewer recalled positive memories; (2) greater positive emotional dysregulation predicted fewer recalled positive memories controlling for PTSD severity; and (3) increasing PTSD severity predicted more negative valence, less vividness, less coherence, less accessibility, less clear time perspective, fewer sensory details, and greater distancing ratings of the recalled positive memory, controlling for sleep quantity/quality. Such findings add to the PTSD-positive memory literature by informing PTSD theoretical perspectives; enhancing an understanding of if/how positive memories may be incorporated into PTSD treatments; and highlighting potential clinical targets, such as positive emotional regulation skills, when integrating a focus on positive memories into PTSD intervention.

Positive affect, which has been broken down into four lower-level facets (i.e., joviality, attentiveness, self-assurance, serenity), has demonstrated numerous ties to physical and mental health. The experience of positive affect can be regulated by emotion regulation strategies. However, few studies have assessed their relationship, and no studies have examined the relationship using the lower level facets of positive affect. The link between positive affect and emotion regulation may be of particular importance for individuals at increased risk for bipolar disorder, as both are disrupted in individuals with the condition. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between positive affect and emotion regulation while also exploring whether risk for bipolar disorder moderated their relationship. Undergraduates (N = 155) completed measures of emotion regulation, affect, and bipolar disorder risk at baseline. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants completed surveys 3 times a day for 7 days. Hierarchical linear models were estimated and revealed significant effects between certain baseline emotion regulation tendencies (experiential avoidance/ psychological inflexibility, rumination, behavioral social avoidance) and daily positive affect facets as well as between daily emotion regulation use (i.e., reappraisal, acceptance, reflection, savoring, mindfulness social support, suppression, rumination, procrastination) and daily positive affect facets. Bipolar disorder risk was not found to moderate the relationship. Findings support the use of strategies emphasized in evidence-based treatments and highlight the importance of daily practice of emotion regulation skills.