Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-17T20:55:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Lima Feitoza.pdf: 1039396 bytes, checksum: 54b4b08906cba375881a20315af80122 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T20:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Lima Feitoza.pdf: 1039396 bytes, checksum: 54b4b08906cba375881a20315af80122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent obstruction that is usually progressive and associated with an inflammatory response in the airways and lungs, by harmful particles or gases. The thoracoabdominal mobility of COPD patients alters as a result of this obstructive process that causes permanent pulmonary hyperinflation, altering respiratory mechanics. As a result, physical efforts can increase minute ventilation by reducing the time to expiration, increasing this hyperinflation. Positive airway expiratory pressure (PEP) is a physiotherapeutic resource that helps reduce air trapping during exacerbations of the COPD patient, but little is known about the effects of PEP on pulmonary hyperinflation. As a rule, PEP with high pressures has been contraindicated. Objective: Evaluate the effects of physical effort and PEP on pulmonary hyperinflation and Thoracoabdominal mobility through optoeletronic plethysmography (OEP) in patients with COPD and in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Thoracoabdominal mobility was evaluated by OEP in 30 subjects, in two groups, 15 of them with GOLD (GDPOC) and 15 healthy subjects (GC), with a mean age of 58.1 ± 11 years, before and after a daily life simulation activity, up and down the step and before and after performing a series of exercise with PEP. Results: Both the age and the anthropometric data of the studied population as weight and height showed no difference. The spirometric variables showed a significant difference, in favor of the CG, as expected. There were no significant differences in the contribution of the thoracoabdominal compartments at rest between groups, except for Ti / Tot in the GDPOC, with median of 0.77 characterizing possible hyperinflation or respiratory muscle fatigue. After physical exertion, for 2 minutes, the GDPOC group showed an increase in the Abd contribution in thoracoabdominal movements, higher than CG (52.2 ± 12.6% vs. 41.1 ± 14.6%). After PEP, there was an increase of abdominal compartment in the subjects of the GDPOC (50.5 ± 19.1% x 36.9 ± 16.4%). After the PEP the patients of the GDPOC had a normalization of Ti / Ttot, with a median of 0.41. As the analysis of the compartments in the GDPOC there is a greater involvement of the abdominal compartment in three moments evaluated and after PEP this abdominal participation is also greater than in the CG. Conclusion: Physical effort and the use of PEP alter the participation of thoracic and abdominal compartments differently between groups and PEP in COPD seems to contribute to the reduction of hyperinflation. / Introdução: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é caracterizada por obstrução persistente que é geralmente progressiva e associada a uma resposta inflamatória nas vias aéreas e pulmões, por partículas ou gases nocivos. A mobilidade toracoabdominal de portadores de DPOC se altera em decorrência deste processo obstrutivo que causa hiperinsuflação pulmonar permanente, alterando a mecânica respiratória. Em decorrência disso, esforços físicos podem aumentar a ventilação minuto reduzindo o tempo hábil para a expiração, aumentando essa hiperinsuflação. A pressão expiratória positiva (PEP) é um recurso fisioterapêutico que auxilia na redução do aprisionamento de ar durante as exacerbações do paciente com DPOC, porém pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos do PEP em tal cirunstância de hiperinsuflação pulmonar, na qual, via de regra, a PEP com altas pressões tem sido contraindicada. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da pressão expiratória positiva na mobilidade toracoabdominal e na hiperinsuflação induzida pelo exercício físico, por meio da Pletismografia optoeletrônica (POE). Material e Método: A mobilidade toracoabdominal foi avaliada pela POE em 30 indivíduos, em dois grupos, sendo 15 com DPOC nível II pelo GOLD (GDPOC) e 15 indivíduos saudáveis (GC), com idade média de 58,1±11 anos, antes e após uma atividade de simulação de vida diária, subir e descer degrau e, antes e após realizarem uma série de exercício com PEP. Resultados: Tanto a idade quanto os dados antropométricos da população estudada como peso e altura não mostraram diferença. Já as variáveis espirométricas mostraram diferença significativa, à favor do GC, conforme o esperado; não houve diferenças significativas na contribuição dos compartimentos toracoabdominal, em repouso, entre os grupos, com exceção do Ti/Tot no GDPOC, com mediana de 0,77 caracterizando possível hiperinsuflação ou fadiga muscular respiratória. Após o esforço físico, por 2 minutos, houve alteração na mobilidade toracoabdominal no grupo GDPOC, apresentou aumento da contribuição do compartimento abdominal, maior que o CG (52,2±12,6% x 41,1±14,6%). O mesmo aumento houve após a PEP, no GDPOC (50,5±19,1% x 36,9±16,4%). Após a PEP os pacientes do GDPOC tiveram uma normalização de Ti/Ttot, com mediana de 0,41. Quanto a análise dos compartimentos no GDPOC há uma participação maior do compartimento abdominal nos três momentos avaliados sendo que após PEP essa participação abdominal também é maior do que no GC. Conclusão: O esforço físico e o uso de PEP alteram a participação de compartimentos torácicos e abdominais, de forma diferente entre os grupos e, a PEP na DPOC parece contribuir para a redução da hiperinsuflação.

Background: Breathing exercises are widely used after cardiac surgery. The duration of exercises in the immediate postoperative period is not fully evaluated and only limited data regarding the effects of home-based breathing exercises after discharge from hospital have been published. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of deep breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and describe lung function and respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Participants and settings: Adult participants (n=131) were randomised to perform either 30 or 10 deep breaths with PEP per hour during the first postoperative days (Study I): the main outcome was oxygenation, assessed by arterial blood gases, on the second postoperative day. In Study III, 313 adult participants were randomly assigned to perform home-based deep breathing exercises with PEP for two months after surgery or not to perform breathing exercises with PEP after the fourth to fifth postoperative day. The main outcome was lung function, assessed by spirometry, two months after surgery. Studies II and IV were descriptive and correlative and investigated pre and postoperative lung function, assessed by spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength, assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. Results: On the second postoperative day, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was higher in the group randomised to 30 deep breaths with PEP hourly. There was no improved recovery of lung function in participants performing home-based deep breathing exercises two months after cardiac surgery, compared to a control group. Subjective experience of breathing or improvement in patient perceived quality of recovery or health-related quality of life did not differ between the groups at two months. Lung function and respiratory muscle strength were in accordance with predicted values before surgery. A 50% reduction in lung function was shown on the second postoperative day. High body mass index, male gender and sternal pain were associated with decreased lung function on the second postoperative day. Two months postoperatively, there was decreased lung function, but respiratory muscle strength had almost recovered to preoperative values. / <p></p><p></p>