Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo da existência de soluções da equação de Schrödinger \'DELTA\'u + (\'lambda\' a(x) + 1)u = \' u POT. p, u > 0 em \'R POT. N\', onde a \'> ou =\' 0 é uma função contínua e p > 1 é um expoente subcrítico. Métodos Variacionais são empregados para mostrar a existência de uma sequência \' lambda\' IND. n\' \' SETA\' + \'INFINITO\' e da respectiva sequência de soluções \'u IND. lambda IND. n\' convergindo para uma solução de energia mínima do problema de Dirichlet - \'DELTA\' u + u = \'u POT. p\', ; u > 0em \'OMEGA\', u = 0 sobre \'partial\'\' OMEGA\", sendo \"OMEGA\' := int \'a POT. -1\' (0). Além disso, estuda-se o efeito da topologia do conjunto \'OMEGA\' sobre o número de soluções da equação (*) por meio da categoria de Lusternik e Schnirelman / This work is devoted to study the existence of positive solutions of the Schrödinger equation \'DELTA\'u + (\'lambda\'a(x) + 1)u = \' u POT. p\', u > 0 in \'R POT. N\', where a is a nonnegative and continuous function and p > 1 is a subcritical exponent. Variational methods are employed in order to show the existence of a sequence \'lambda\' IND. n\' \"ARROW\' + \'THE INFINITE\' and the respective sequence of solutions converging in \'H POT. 1\' (\'R POT.N\' ) to a least energy solution of the Dirichlet problem - \'DELTA\'u + u = \'u POT. p\' ; u > 0 in \'OMEGA\', u = 0 on \'partial\' \' OMEGA\', where \'OMEGA\' : = int \'a POT. -1 (0) Furthermore, it is studied the effect of the topology of the set \'OMEGA\' on the number of positive solutions of the equation (*) by using the Lusternik and Schnirelman category

Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo da existência de soluções da equação de Schrödinger \'DELTA\'u + (\'lambda\' a(x) + 1)u = \' u POT. p, u > 0 em \'R POT. N\', onde a \'> ou =\' 0 é uma função contínua e p > 1 é um expoente subcrítico. Métodos Variacionais são empregados para mostrar a existência de uma sequência \' lambda\' IND. n\' \' SETA\' + \'INFINITO\' e da respectiva sequência de soluções \'u IND. lambda IND. n\' convergindo para uma solução de energia mínima do problema de Dirichlet - \'DELTA\' u + u = \'u POT. p\', ; u > 0em \'OMEGA\', u = 0 sobre \'partial\'\' OMEGA\", sendo \"OMEGA\' := int \'a POT. -1\' (0). Além disso, estuda-se o efeito da topologia do conjunto \'OMEGA\' sobre o número de soluções da equação (*) por meio da categoria de Lusternik e Schnirelman / This work is devoted to study the existence of positive solutions of the Schrödinger equation \'DELTA\'u + (\'lambda\'a(x) + 1)u = \' u POT. p\', u > 0 in \'R POT. N\', where a is a nonnegative and continuous function and p > 1 is a subcritical exponent. Variational methods are employed in order to show the existence of a sequence \'lambda\' IND. n\' \"ARROW\' + \'THE INFINITE\' and the respective sequence of solutions converging in \'H POT. 1\' (\'R POT.N\' ) to a least energy solution of the Dirichlet problem - \'DELTA\'u + u = \'u POT. p\' ; u > 0 in \'OMEGA\', u = 0 on \'partial\' \' OMEGA\', where \'OMEGA\' : = int \'a POT. -1 (0) Furthermore, it is studied the effect of the topology of the set \'OMEGA\' on the number of positive solutions of the equation (*) by using the Lusternik and Schnirelman category

In this dissertation, we establish existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations with subcritical and critical nonlinearities. We treat problems invariant under subgroups of the orthogonal group. Roughly speaking, we prove that if enough "mass " is concentrated around special orbits, then among the functions with prescribed symmetry, there is a solution for the original problem. Our results can be regarded as a further development of the work of Z.-Q. Wang, where existence of local minima in the space of symmetric functions was studied for the Schrödinger equation. We illustrate the general theory with three examples, all of which produce new results. Our method allows the construction of solutions with prescribed symmetry, and it represents a step further in the classification of positive solutions for certain nonlinear elliptic problems.

We study positive solutions to classes of steady state reaction diffusion equations that arise naturally in applications. In particular, we study models arising from population dynamics and combustion theory. The main focus of this dissertation is the mathematical analysis of a challenging new class of problems when a certain nonlinear boundary condition is satisfied. In particular, we establish existence and multiplicity results by making use of the Quadrature method, the method of sub-super solutions, and degree theory. The results in this dissertation provide a significant contribution towards the analysis of elliptic boundary value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions.

We study positive solutions to classes of nonlinear elliptic singular problems of the form: -Δpu = λ g(u) uα in Ω u = 0 on δΩ where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝN, N ≥ 1 with smooth boundary δΩ, &lambda¸ is a positive parameter, α ∈(0; 1), Δpu := div(⌊∇u⌋p-2 ∇u); p > 1 is the p-Laplacian operator, and g is a smooth function. Such elliptic problems naturally arise in the study of steady state reaction diffusion processes. In particular, we will be interested in the challenging new class of problems when g(0) < 0 (hence lims→0+g(s) sα = - ∞ which we refer to as infinite semipositone problems. Our focus is on existence results. We obtain results for the single equation case as well as to the case of systems. We use the method of sub-super solutions to prove our results. The results in this dissertation provide a solid foundation for the analysis of such infinite semipositone problems.

In this dissertation, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to classes of one-dimensional singular p-Laplacian problems with nonlinear and intergral boundary conditions when the reaction termis p-superlinear or p-sublinear at infinity. In the p-superlinear case, we prove the existence of a large positive solution when a parameter is small and if, in addition, the reaction term satisfies a concavity-like condition at the origin, the existence of two positive solutions for a certain range of the parameter. In the p-sublinear case, we establish the existence of a large positive solution when a parameter is large. We also investigate the number of positive solutions for the general PHI-Laplacian with nonlinear boundary conditions when the reaction term is positive. Our results can be applied to the challenging infinite semipositone case and complement or extend previous work in the literature.Our approach depends on Amann's fixed point in a Banach space, degree theory, and comparison principles.

In this dissertation, we study the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to some classes of singular p-Laplacian boundary value problems with a parameter. In the first study, we discuss positive solutions for a class of sublinear Dirichlet p- Laplacian equations and systems with sign-changing coefficients on a bounded domain of Rn via Schauder Fixed Point Theorem and the method of sub- and supersolutions. Under certain conditions, we show the existence of positive solutions when the parameter is large and nonexistence when the parameter is small. In the second study, we discuss positive radial solutions for a class of superlinear p- Laplacian problems with nonlinear boundary conditions on an exterior domain via degree theory and fixed point approach. Under certain conditions, we show the existence of positive solutions when the paprameter is small and nonexistence when the paramter is large. Our results provide extensions of corresponding ones in the literature from the Laplacian to the p-Laplacian, and can be applied to the challenging infinite semipositone case

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-25T12:01:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1037382 bytes, checksum: d2e1d49848d1cc5fb6843de80b1ff13f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T12:01:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1037382 bytes, checksum: d2e1d49848d1cc5fb6843de80b1ff13f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we aim to prove the existence of positive solution for some nonlocal elliptic problems via bifurcation theory, more precisely by the Global Bifurcation Theorem due to Rabinowitz, where such problems are related to modeling the behavior of specie in a given environment. / Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo provar a exist^encia de solu c~ao positiva para alguns problemas el pticos n~ao-locais via Teoria de Bifurca c~ao, mais precisamente pelo Teorema Global de Bifurca c~ao devido a Rabinowitz, onde tais problemas est~ao relacionados a modelagem do comportamento de esp ecies num determinado ambiente.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 590579 bytes, checksum: 4c4cd48135a64532856a71b6336c52f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we studied existence of positive solutions for an elliptic problem with critical Sobolev exponent (-u = up + f(x; u) em u = 0 sobre @ that vanishes on the boundary of a bounded domain of Rn. The nonlinearity f(x; u) has subcritical growth. This is done by showing that the minimax level is below a constant that depends only on the dimension of the domain and the best Sobolev constant. / Nesta dissertação procuramos abordar a existência de soluções positivas para um problema elíptico com expoente crítico de Sobolev (-u = up + f(x; u) em u = 0 sobre @ onde é um domínio limitado do Rn. A não-linearidade de f(x; u) possui crescimento subcrítico. Para isso mostraremos que o nível minimax fica abaixo de uma constante que depende apenas da dimensão do domínio e da melhor constante de Sobolev.