No description available.

The increasing recidivism rate for African American female offenders is exacerbated by postrelease job candidates' difficulties with interviewing for employment. The purpose of this hermeneutical, phenomenological study was to examine experiences from postrelease, African American, female, opioid offenders when interviewing with potential employers. Critical race Black feminist theory was used as the ontological lens for this research. Criterion sampling was used to recruit 12 female African American opioid female research participants. Data collection occurred via 12 semistructured, face-to-face interviewees. Thematic analysis was used to develop common emergent themes from the lived experiences of postrelease, African American, female, opioid offenders. Results showed that postrelease, African American, female offenders experienced emotional responses such as stress, nervousness, and anxiety during the interview process. In addition, they feared rejection when informing potential employers about their criminal background. The findings are significant in developing training programs for transition, human service, and criminal justice agencies that can increase the chances of postoffender, African American, female, opioid drug offender employment and decrease recidivism.

Nearly 700,000 prisoners return to communities annually, and approximately two-thirds are rearrested within 3 years of release. The cyclic pattern of recidivism presents risks to both returning offenders and the communities that accept them. Reentry research tends to include the voice and experiences of juveniles, community members, and service providers, and narrowly focuses on the socioeconomic conditions of adult ex-offender populations pre- and post-release. Few researchers have explored the attitudes of those returning citizens or the perceived impact on treatment success, as related to employment-based, post-release reintegration programs. This study investigated the attitudes of 32 participants of Project Empowerment, the District of Columbia's post-release program. The ecology of public administration theory and empowerment theory provided the theoretical frameworks for understanding offender reentry within employment-based programming. Interview data were coded and analyzed consistent with a modified van Kaam method. A key finding indicates job-readiness training completion is largely contingent upon development of positive attitudes from both public administrators and participants. Additionally, participants were cognizant of the attitudes of community members regarding reentry and employment, and were more likely to see program participation as beneficial if perceived community support was high. The implications for positive social change include recommendations for reentry programs, such as Project Empowerment, to create an empowerment environment conducive to attitude development concerning self and society. Such an environment creates trust and opportunities for successful engagement in employment programs and decreases the risk of recidivism among communities that support individuals returning from incarceration.

Female offenders often have had increased financial difficulties post-release because of lower levels of educational achievement and less job experience. Career programming may prove useful to female offenders by providing guidance with career decisions and strengthening career decision-making skills. The aims of this study were to investigate career decision-making skills and self-efficacy in the context of vocational programming for a group of female offenders. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used to examine scale scores for a group who participated in programming and a control group at the same correctional facility. A series oft tests revealed no significant differences between the control and intervention groups. An examination of the subscale means indicated that female offenders may advocate more passive decision-making styles and lower career decision-making self-efficacy than the original norm samples for these instruments.

With over 2.3 million individuals in a states, federal prison and/or local jail, the United States has the largest prison population in the world. Ninety-five percent of all offenders incarcerated will return to society at some point in their lives; nevertheless, at least two-third recidivate within three years of their parole/post-release and return to prison. The high volume of offenders contributing to the crime rates, enormous prison growth and the budget needed for correctional operation, has led scholars, policymakers, and correctional officials, in addition to society as a whole, to give great attention in discovering and determining ways to break the repetitive cycle of incarceration and recidivism. Once an offender returns to society after incarceration, they face perplexing challenging barriers, and obstacles that impedes upon their ability to resist crime and complete parole supervision. For African American men, these challenging barriers and obstacles are exacerbated, because of their race and gender. Research shows that African American men are disproportionally represented, among the incarceration rates, prison population and are highly susceptible to factors that lead to recidivism. The purpose of this study sought to gain more in-depth understanding of former African American male offenders’ experiences and perceptions of resisting crime and completing parole/post-release supervision. In particular, this study used qualitative methods to interview six African American men, in order to determine the significant impact which social and personal factors led them to successful parole/post-release supervision completion. The results of this study indicated that African American male offenders have the ability to complete parole/post-release supervision, when provided the opportunity to gain employment, higher levels of education and vocational training, strong support from their family and friend, establish positive social networks, participate in rehabilitative programs. The research further revealed other contributing factors aids in their success as well.

No description available.

O campus da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto consiste em uma área de 450 ha, caracterizada por um mosaico de remanescentes de mata e construções, sendo uma das maiores áreas verdes do município. Para suplementar a população de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) existente no campus, este estudo realizou a soltura de um casal cativo. O grupo residente, composto por quatro bugios, foi rastreado seis dias por mês num período de seis meses para verificação da área de vida com finalidade de definir uma área para a soltura do casal. Um macho adulto e uma fêmea subadulta foram unidos em cativeiro no Parque Municipal Morro de São Bento. A formação do casal foi realizada em três fases (familiarização, junção e pós-junção) com gradativo aumento de aproximação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 5 minutos por 2 horas durante 10 dias (para cada fase). Os valores obtidos ficaram próximos ao relatado para o gênero, com aumento do comportamento social no decorrer das fases: 4,4 16 e 35,2% (p<0,001). O casal foi transferido para um cativeiro na área de soltura, onde permaneceu por 44 dias. Neste período foi realizada a avaliação pré-soltura e a reeducação alimentar. Na avaliação pré-soltura foi verificado que a mudança de área não afetou significativamente o comportamento social do casal, cujo valor obtido foi de 29% (p=0,083 em comparação com o valor obtido na última fase da formação do casal). Na reeducação alimentar, gradativamente a dieta inicial de 2000 g de frutas por dia, teve 1200 g substituídas por folhas de cinco espécies vegetais. A soltura do casal foi realizada no dia 10 de novembro de 2009. O casal foi acompanhado das 6 às 18 h, quatro dias por mês num período de um ano novembro/09 à outubro/10, com exceção de janeiro/10 com total de 528 h de observação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 20 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal dedicou 61,7% do tempo para descanso, 5,9% para locomoção não-direcional, 6,1% para locomoção direcional, 10,9% para alimentação e 15,4% para comportamento social. A locomoção direcional, comportamento que melhor expressa a exploração da área, teve os registros de cada mês comparados com sua média anual (18,6). Os meses dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram registros acima da média, sendo o mês de dezembro significativamente maior (p<0,001). Os meses maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, apresentaram registros menores, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,032). A alimentação foi registrada pelo método 1-0 a cada 5 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 146 indivíduos (árvores e lianas) de 38 espécies pertencentes a 18 famílias. As seis espécies mais consumidas correspondem a 61,3% do total de registros: Maclura tinctoria (14,8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13,3%), Ficus insipida (11,8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7,6%), Poincianella pluviosa (7%) e Terminalia catappa (6,8%). O total de espécies consumidas em cada mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9,8. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro, março, abril e maio apresentaram mais espécies consumidas que a média. Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menos espécies que a média, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,033). A área de vida foi registrada pelo método de varredura a cada 1 hora. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 50 quadrantes de 50 x 50 m (0,25 ha), totalizando uma área de 12,5 ha. O total de quadrantes utilizados por mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram maior quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média, sendo os meses de dezembro e março significativamente maiores (p=0,039 e p=0,025). Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menor quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média. Foram encontradas duas áreas centrais (utilização > 10%), ambas correspondem à localização dos recursos alimentares mais utilizados e bambuzais altos e densos utilizados como árvores-dormitório. Com esses resultados, foi possível verificar que o casal explorou a área desconhecida até o 5° - 6° mês de soltura. A partir daí, espécies vegetais e quadrantes foram selecionados, evidenciando que o casal se organizou para atingir o equilíbrio das suas necessidades energéticas. Portanto, podemos concluir que já no primeiro ano o casal de bugios se adaptou ao campus, pois garantiu sua sobrevivência. Com um ano e meio de soltura ocorreu o nascimento do primeiro filhote, acrescentado que, além da sobrevivência o casal também garantiu sua reprodução. / The University of São Paulo campus in Ribeirão Preto is an area of 450 hectares, characterized by a mosaic of forest remnants and buildings, one of the largest green areas of the city. For this study a captive couple of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) was released to supplement the existing campus population. In order to define an area for the release of the couple the resident group, composed of four monkeys, was tracked six days per month for a period of six months to determine their home range adult male and a sub-adult female were united in captivity in the Municipal Park Morro de Sao Bento. The couple formation was accomplished in three phases (familiarization, junction and post-junction) with gradual proximity increase. The activity pattern was recorded using the scanning method, every 5 minutes for 2 hours for 10 days (for each phase). Recorded values were close to those reported for the genus, with increased social behavior during the phases: from 4.4 to 16 and 35.2% (p<0.001). The couple was moved to a cage at the release site, where they stayed for 44 days. During this time the pre-release assessment and rehabilitation diet were implemented. During the pre-release it was verified that the change of area did not significantly affect the social behavior of the couple, whose value was 29% (p = 0.083 compared with the value obtained in the last phase of formation the couple). In the rehabilitation diet, of the initial 2000 g of fruit per day, 1200 g were gradually replaced by leaves of five plant species. The couple was release on November 10, 2009. The couple was followed from 6 am to 18 pm, four days per month for a period of one year - November/09 to October/10, except January/10 - a total of 528 observation hours. The activity pattern was recorded by the scanning method every 20 minutes. During the year they spent 61.7% of the time at rest, 5.9% non-directional movement, 6.1%directional movement, 10.9% feeding and 15.4% in social behavior. The directional movement, behavior that best expresses the exploration of the area, monthly records were compared to the annual average (18.6). December, February and March had above-average results with the month of December significantly higher (p<0.001). May, June, July, August, September and October, showed lower results, with the month of July being significantly lower (p=0.032). The feeding was recorded by the method 1-0 every 5 minutes. During the year the couple used 146 individuals (trees and vines) of 38 species belonging to 18 families. The six most consumed species account for 61.3% of total records: Maclura tinctoria (14.8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13.3%), Ficus insipida (11.8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7.6%) Poincianella rainfall (7%) and Terminalia catappa (6.8%). The total number of species consumed in each month was compared with the annual average of 9.8. More species than average were consumed during the months of December, February, March, April and May. Fewer species than the average were consumed during the months of June, July, August, September and October, July was significantly lower (p=0.033). The home range was recorded by the scanning method every 1 hour. During the year the couple used 50 quadrants of 50 x 50 m (0.25 ha), totaling an area of 12.5 hectares. The total number of quadrants used per month was compared with the annual average of 9. The months of December, February and March had a higher number of quadrants that the medium used, with December and March significantly higher (p=0.039 and p=0.025). June, July, August, September and October had fewer quadrants used than average. We found two core areas (use > 10%), both correspond to the most used food resources locations and dense tall bamboo ares used as dormitory trees. The results showed that the couple had explored the new area by the 5th - 6th month of release. Thereafter, plant species and quadrants were selected, showing that the couple had organized itself to balance its Therefore, we conclude that in the first year the couple adapted to the campus, ensuring its survival. After a year and a half of release the birth of first infant occurred. Thus, beyond survival, the couple also assured its reproduction.

O campus da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto consiste em uma área de 450 ha, caracterizada por um mosaico de remanescentes de mata e construções, sendo uma das maiores áreas verdes do município. Para suplementar a população de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) existente no campus, este estudo realizou a soltura de um casal cativo. O grupo residente, composto por quatro bugios, foi rastreado seis dias por mês num período de seis meses para verificação da área de vida com finalidade de definir uma área para a soltura do casal. Um macho adulto e uma fêmea subadulta foram unidos em cativeiro no Parque Municipal Morro de São Bento. A formação do casal foi realizada em três fases (familiarização, junção e pós-junção) com gradativo aumento de aproximação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 5 minutos por 2 horas durante 10 dias (para cada fase). Os valores obtidos ficaram próximos ao relatado para o gênero, com aumento do comportamento social no decorrer das fases: 4,4 16 e 35,2% (p<0,001). O casal foi transferido para um cativeiro na área de soltura, onde permaneceu por 44 dias. Neste período foi realizada a avaliação pré-soltura e a reeducação alimentar. Na avaliação pré-soltura foi verificado que a mudança de área não afetou significativamente o comportamento social do casal, cujo valor obtido foi de 29% (p=0,083 em comparação com o valor obtido na última fase da formação do casal). Na reeducação alimentar, gradativamente a dieta inicial de 2000 g de frutas por dia, teve 1200 g substituídas por folhas de cinco espécies vegetais. A soltura do casal foi realizada no dia 10 de novembro de 2009. O casal foi acompanhado das 6 às 18 h, quatro dias por mês num período de um ano novembro/09 à outubro/10, com exceção de janeiro/10 com total de 528 h de observação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 20 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal dedicou 61,7% do tempo para descanso, 5,9% para locomoção não-direcional, 6,1% para locomoção direcional, 10,9% para alimentação e 15,4% para comportamento social. A locomoção direcional, comportamento que melhor expressa a exploração da área, teve os registros de cada mês comparados com sua média anual (18,6). Os meses dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram registros acima da média, sendo o mês de dezembro significativamente maior (p<0,001). Os meses maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, apresentaram registros menores, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,032). A alimentação foi registrada pelo método 1-0 a cada 5 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 146 indivíduos (árvores e lianas) de 38 espécies pertencentes a 18 famílias. As seis espécies mais consumidas correspondem a 61,3% do total de registros: Maclura tinctoria (14,8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13,3%), Ficus insipida (11,8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7,6%), Poincianella pluviosa (7%) e Terminalia catappa (6,8%). O total de espécies consumidas em cada mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9,8. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro, março, abril e maio apresentaram mais espécies consumidas que a média. Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menos espécies que a média, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,033). A área de vida foi registrada pelo método de varredura a cada 1 hora. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 50 quadrantes de 50 x 50 m (0,25 ha), totalizando uma área de 12,5 ha. O total de quadrantes utilizados por mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram maior quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média, sendo os meses de dezembro e março significativamente maiores (p=0,039 e p=0,025). Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menor quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média. Foram encontradas duas áreas centrais (utilização > 10%), ambas correspondem à localização dos recursos alimentares mais utilizados e bambuzais altos e densos utilizados como árvores-dormitório. Com esses resultados, foi possível verificar que o casal explorou a área desconhecida até o 5° - 6° mês de soltura. A partir daí, espécies vegetais e quadrantes foram selecionados, evidenciando que o casal se organizou para atingir o equilíbrio das suas necessidades energéticas. Portanto, podemos concluir que já no primeiro ano o casal de bugios se adaptou ao campus, pois garantiu sua sobrevivência. Com um ano e meio de soltura ocorreu o nascimento do primeiro filhote, acrescentado que, além da sobrevivência o casal também garantiu sua reprodução. / The University of São Paulo campus in Ribeirão Preto is an area of 450 hectares, characterized by a mosaic of forest remnants and buildings, one of the largest green areas of the city. For this study a captive couple of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) was released to supplement the existing campus population. In order to define an area for the release of the couple the resident group, composed of four monkeys, was tracked six days per month for a period of six months to determine their home range adult male and a sub-adult female were united in captivity in the Municipal Park Morro de Sao Bento. The couple formation was accomplished in three phases (familiarization, junction and post-junction) with gradual proximity increase. The activity pattern was recorded using the scanning method, every 5 minutes for 2 hours for 10 days (for each phase). Recorded values were close to those reported for the genus, with increased social behavior during the phases: from 4.4 to 16 and 35.2% (p<0.001). The couple was moved to a cage at the release site, where they stayed for 44 days. During this time the pre-release assessment and rehabilitation diet were implemented. During the pre-release it was verified that the change of area did not significantly affect the social behavior of the couple, whose value was 29% (p = 0.083 compared with the value obtained in the last phase of formation the couple). In the rehabilitation diet, of the initial 2000 g of fruit per day, 1200 g were gradually replaced by leaves of five plant species. The couple was release on November 10, 2009. The couple was followed from 6 am to 18 pm, four days per month for a period of one year - November/09 to October/10, except January/10 - a total of 528 observation hours. The activity pattern was recorded by the scanning method every 20 minutes. During the year they spent 61.7% of the time at rest, 5.9% non-directional movement, 6.1%directional movement, 10.9% feeding and 15.4% in social behavior. The directional movement, behavior that best expresses the exploration of the area, monthly records were compared to the annual average (18.6). December, February and March had above-average results with the month of December significantly higher (p<0.001). May, June, July, August, September and October, showed lower results, with the month of July being significantly lower (p=0.032). The feeding was recorded by the method 1-0 every 5 minutes. During the year the couple used 146 individuals (trees and vines) of 38 species belonging to 18 families. The six most consumed species account for 61.3% of total records: Maclura tinctoria (14.8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13.3%), Ficus insipida (11.8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7.6%) Poincianella rainfall (7%) and Terminalia catappa (6.8%). The total number of species consumed in each month was compared with the annual average of 9.8. More species than average were consumed during the months of December, February, March, April and May. Fewer species than the average were consumed during the months of June, July, August, September and October, July was significantly lower (p=0.033). The home range was recorded by the scanning method every 1 hour. During the year the couple used 50 quadrants of 50 x 50 m (0.25 ha), totaling an area of 12.5 hectares. The total number of quadrants used per month was compared with the annual average of 9. The months of December, February and March had a higher number of quadrants that the medium used, with December and March significantly higher (p=0.039 and p=0.025). June, July, August, September and October had fewer quadrants used than average. We found two core areas (use > 10%), both correspond to the most used food resources locations and dense tall bamboo ares used as dormitory trees. The results showed that the couple had explored the new area by the 5th - 6th month of release. Thereafter, plant species and quadrants were selected, showing that the couple had organized itself to balance its Therefore, we conclude that in the first year the couple adapted to the campus, ensuring its survival. After a year and a half of release the birth of first infant occurred. Thus, beyond survival, the couple also assured its reproduction.

The use of pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) eliminates many of the limitations associated with acoustic and conventional tags by using fishery-independent data collection and retrieval. Previous research techniques have provided information on longer-term movements, migrations, and behavior patterns, but there is still a need for additional tagging studies using tags with depth and light data and increased memory that will further define the short-duration activity patterns and habitat utilization of juvenile swordfish in the western North Atlantic. PSATs have been successfully used on other large pelagic fishes, but have yet to be used on juvenile swordfish. This study investigated two main topics: a) the post-release survival rates of juvenile swordfish after being released from the recreational rod-and-reel fishery and commercial swordfish buoy gear fishery in the Florida Straits, and b) the habitat utilization of juvenile swordfish following release. High-resolution PSAT technology was used to estimate the post-release survival of 16 individual juvenile swordfish captured with standard recreational or buoy fishing gear and techniques in the southeast Florida swordfish fishery. Analysis of release mortality estimates was done using the “Release Mortality” Program. Five of the fourteen reporting tags showed a mortality within 48 hours, for a release mortality rate of 35.7%. However, no common thread could be found among the five mortalities. Results of the Release Mortality program indicated that if the true mortality rate was 35.7%, approximately 1800 tags would have to be deployed to increase the precision of the mortality estimates to +/- 5% of the true value. The nine surviving fish varied in straight-line distance traveled and in direction, and could withstand a wide range of temperatures. A deterministic, periodic model was developed to fit to the data and describe the fishes’ habitat utilization. This model identified both diurnal and lunar signals in the data, confirming that juveniles do move vertically based on the daily cycle of the sun and the lunar cycle of the moon and that their diurnal movements are much greater than their lunar movements. The results of this study can be valuable to management practices in future stock assessments and decisions regarding mandatory release of undersized fish.

Criminal recidivism rate has been increasing till 1990 in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is also on one of the leading positions in the prison population index list of countries. These two indicators should work as a red alert for us that our justice policies and the system of criminal prevention do not work effectively in the long run. We consider it important then that the increased attention should be paid to the whole system, the programs should be evaluated and the weak spots should be identified. Hence in this work we are looking at the topic form the structural-functional perspective. Using stakeholder analysis methods we identify the key actors of the field. The actors are divided into three basic sectors: governmental sector, market and the third sector. We then focus on the third sector and its' role in the penitentiary and post-release care with special attention to the relations and connections with the governmental sector. The weak spots and the examples of successful cooperation of the two sectors are explored with the tools of the social network analysis. The research results into the functional analysis of the role of the non-profit organizations in the field. Key findings of the research are formulated into the recommendations for stakeholder from both the third and the...