Urban communities often lack the ability to recover after disaster plans have been implemented because of a lack of coordinated resources among federal, state, and local agencies. As a result, economically marginalized citizens find themselves in risky conditions, particularly concerning finding and securing post-disaster housing. Using social conflict theory as a guide, the purpose of this exploratory case study of an urban area in a southern state was to better understand the specific vulnerabilities of urban communities and develop solutions for challenges related to emergency or temporary shelters to victims. Data were primarily collected through interviews with 10 residents who experienced a series of tornadoes in 2011. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis. Findings indicate that participants tended to consider themselves as displaced, but not homeless, even though temporary housing needs ranged between 45 days and 18 months. Participants also reported that coordination efforts to distribute funding to displaced residence failed, as did private insurance in most cases. As a result, competition for scarce resources was significant and most people tended to rely upon financial help from friends and family members. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to city planners and emergency managers to strengthen relationships with community leaders to assess needs prior to a disaster and establish a 'bottom-up' planning policy rather than wait for a disaster to assess the availability of federal or state funding that may not come in order to proactively protect vulnerable community members from post-disaster housing deficiencies.

The built environment has mostly evolved under the influence of cultural heritage and has been shaped in response to our needs and resources. However, rapid changes have occurred in this environment with the impacts of globalization and mass production. The impact of these changes threatens to obliterate the unique character of rural settlements, which unlike urban areas still possess cultural identity. The aim of this study was to investigate the sustainable transmission of rural building heritage to prosperity / the potential of its adaptation for new settlements / and the interpretation of designing new houses in the light of traditional ones / as an integral part of sustainable rural development. To this end, a case study was conducted in the village of G&uuml / zel&ouml / z in Kayseri, where the transition from historical to contemporary styles and techniques was readily observable. The principles for effectively implementing projects which relate to the preservation and transmission of rural heritage have been formulated in the European Rural Heritage Observation Guide (ERHOG), which was initiated by Committee of Senior Officials of the European Conference of Ministers Responsible for Regional Planning/Spatial Planning (CEMAT) and the Village Design Statement (VDS) Packs, which were initiated by the Community Councils in United Kingdom (UK). The new development in G&uuml / zel&ouml / z village, as carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (PWS) together with additions and alterations to existing traditional houses, were studied to understand the changing needs of the villagers. A comparative analysis was made between the level of satisfaction for both the traditional houses and post-disaster houses (PDH). An evaluation according to the ERHOG and VDS criteria was conducted for both types of houses regarding the relation of buildings with their immediate vicinity / use of materials / functional requirements / and constructional concerns. The results showed the importance of the recognition and promotion of cultural heritage to create an appropriate built environment.

Studies on post-disaster housing in rural areas of Turkey show that these houses do not respond to all the needs of users. After the earthquake of June 2000, 1,221 permanent post-disaster houses (PDH) were erected in the villages of &Ccedil / ankiri. Some of these PDH were built with Typical Designs while others were custom-designed for the beneficiaries who had rejected the Typical Designs of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. The aim of this study was to pinpoint those factors of the PDH which led to satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries and, hence, abandonment of these houses. A survey was carried out in the area to determine the types of PDH built &amp / #8211 / used or abandoned &amp / #8211 / any additions or alterations made and for which purpose, and user&amp / #8217 / s degree of satisfaction with their houses. Those PDH which were altered and to which any additional spaces were added were measured and drawn to visually record the changes made by the beneficiaries. A random sample of 90 families was selected for the investigation. A questionnaire was prepared for the study which was administered to the permanent users of the PDH with Typical Designs and Custom Designs and the beneficiaries who refused to move to the PDH with Typical Designs. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analysed with the help of statistical tools. It was revealed that Traditional Houses in the villages are better equipped to answer the local needs / PDH with Typical Designs do not meet the needs of the users / PDH with Custom Designs are closer to user needs / and that some beneficiaries who refused to move to new settlements preferred to construct PDH on the lots of their previous houses. In addition, a survey was carried out in the villages to understand geographical, topographical and climatic conditions and house typology in the region. Additions and modifications made in the PDH with Typical Designs were recorded and at the end of the study, guidelines for post-disaster reconstruction works and design of PDH in rural areas have been proposed.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19873号 / 地環博第147号 / 新制||地環||29(附属図書館) / 32909 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 小林 広英, 准教授 ｼﾞｪｰﾝ ｼﾝｶﾞｰ / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

This research focuses upon cases wherein post]disaster housing assistance was affected by tenure insecurity. In the case of post]Katrina New Orleans, the Road Home, which provided monies for rebuilding, faced difficulties in allocating its aid because of heirship titles, a form of tenure insecurity to which the United States has often been misconceived as immune. In the case of post]Hurricane Mitch in Tegucigalpa, a post]disaster housing relocation program struggled to find lands in an urban land market with pervasive insecurity

Hurricane Katrina overwhelmed the government's capacity to provide adequate long-term housing to disaster victims. In response, Congress created a pilot program to test the efficacy of permanent disaster housing prototypes known as "Katrina Cottages." However, implementation was hindered by a lack of planning and local opposition. In Mississippi, residents feared adverse impacts to property values, citing poor design quality resembling manufactured mobile homes as a primary concern. Using standardized local tax appraisals, this study finds that Katrina Cottages are valued significantly higher than manufactured homes. It further reveals no significant difference between Katrina Cottages and single-family homes. It also suggests a strong relationship between value and smart growth design metrics, including density, walkability, and urban context. However, it shows that Mississippi Katrina Cottages are valued lower than those in Alabama and Louisiana. Furthermore, analysis of community demographics suggests Katrina Cottages may be less valuable in wealthy communities.