Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1980.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1988.

Introduktion: Smärta är en subjektiv känsla som endast den som upplever smärtan kan beskriva, men är något som nästan alla som genomgår ett kirurgiskt ingrepp upplever. Det finns olika typer av smärta och olika sätt att analysera och behandla den på. Bristfällig postoperativ smärtbehandling kan leda till svåra komplikationer och kan medföra stora kostnader för samhället och lidande för patienter. Syfte: I den här studien var syftet att med hjälp av vetenskaplig litteratur beskriva patienters upplevelser av postoperativ smärtlindring. Metod: Studien är gjord som en litteraturstudie med tio vetenskapliga artiklar vilka granskades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Artiklar söktes via sökmotorerna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienter som var välinformerade om den postoperativa smärtbehandlingen både muntligt och skriftligt före och efter operationen, upplevde att de var mer nöjda med sin postoperativa smärtbehandling. Dessa patienter kände sig tryggare i att tillkalla sjukvårdspersonalen vid smärta och de upplevde att de var förberedda på postoperativ smärta redan innan operationen. Patienterna uppgav att ett bra bemötande från sjukvårdspersonalen hade en positiv inverkan på deras smärtupplevelse. Patienterna lyfte också fram aspekter som kunde förvärra patienternas upplevelse och beskrev då svårigheter att förmedla sin smärta, bristfällig information, ett dåligt bemötande med mera. Slutsats: Majoriteten patienter var nöjda med den postoperativa smärthandlingen men det fanns faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen till det sämre. För att förbättra möjligheten till en god postoperativ smärtbehandling är det viktigt att utveckla en arbetsmiljö för sjukvårdspersonal som tillåter ett gott bemötande och en tydlig kommunikation med patienter både före och efter operation. / Introduction: Pain is a complex and subjective experience, it is hard for any other else than the patient to understand it. All patients that undergo surgery will experience some sort of postoperative pain and therefore it is important to understand what pain is and what the patient goes through. Insufficient pain management could lead to postoperative complications that could be life threatening and increases the cost to society. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the patient’s experiences of postoperative pain management. Methods: This study used a descriptive literature review. The searches were performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Results show that patients who were well-informed both pre- and postoperatively about the pain management were the most satisfied with their experience. Good communication and good treatment heightened the well-being of patients. Negative aspects could be communication difficulties and troubles describing the pain, lack of information and overstrained staff. Conclusion: The majority of patients were satisfied with their postoperative pain management but there were different things that had a negative influence on their experience. Improvements can be made, especially in the staffs’ individual behavior and in the organization as such.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da instituição de um protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo, intervencionista, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram incluídos no estudo cento e vinte e três pacientes pediátricos submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. Em cinqüenta e duas crianças foi realizado o protocolo padronizado de fisioterapia enquanto o grupo controle (n=71) recebeu várias técnicas fisioterapêuticas sem padronização específica e com variabilidade na data de início e número de atendimentos diários. Foram avaliadas as complicações pulmonares pósoperatórias, necessidade de fibrobroncoscopia pós-operatória, tempo de permanência do dreno torácico e permanência hospitalar após a cirurgia. Resultados: O grupo que recebeu atendimento baseado no protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado desenvolveu menos complicações que o grupo controle (17,3% vs. 30,9%; p ≤ 0.0001). Os pacientes do grupo controle necessitaram de mais intervenções por fibrobroncoscopia para higiene brônquica (n=14, 19,7% vs. n=5, 9,61%; p ≤ 0.0001). Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de drenagem torácica e permanência hospitalar entre os grupos. Conclusão: A implantação de um protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado após ressecção pulmonar em crianças diminui o aparecimento de complicações pós-operatórias, porém não reduz o tempo de permanência de dreno torácico e a duração da internação hospitalar. / Background: Early physiotherapy reduces pulmonary complications after lung resection in adult patients. However, the effectiveness and the techniques used in postoperative physiotherapy in children undergoing lung resection have not been well described. Therefore, the standardization of a physiotherapeutic attendance after lung resection in children is necessary. Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective, interventional, descriptive and quantitative study. We evaluated 123 pediatric patients undergoing lung resection. Fifty-two children were prospectively submitted to a standardized physiotherapy protocol that included a mask with a positive expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 10 cmH2O, expiratory rib cage compression, coughing, lifting the upper limbs and ambulation starting within the first 4 hours after surgery and continuing three times each day. A historical control group of 71 patients received physiotherapeutic techniques without specific standardization and with variability in the start date and number of days attended. We recorded the presence of postoperative complications, prolonged air leak, postoperative bronchoscopy, the time of chest tube removal and the length of the hospital stay following surgery. Results: The group that received a standardized protocol of physiotherapy had fewer atelectasis than the control group (15.4% vs. 7.6%; p ≤ 0.01). Patients in the control group were more likely than those in the intervention group to require fiberoptic bronchoscopy for bronchial toilet (n = 14, 19.7% vs. n = 5, 9.61%; p ≤ 0.0001). There was no difference in the time of drainage or length of hospitalization between the groups. Conclusion: Implantation of a standardized physiotherapeutic protocol after lung resection in children decreases atelectasis but does not reduce the time of chest tube removal or the duration of the hospital stay.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da instituição de um protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo, intervencionista, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram incluídos no estudo cento e vinte e três pacientes pediátricos submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. Em cinqüenta e duas crianças foi realizado o protocolo padronizado de fisioterapia enquanto o grupo controle (n=71) recebeu várias técnicas fisioterapêuticas sem padronização específica e com variabilidade na data de início e número de atendimentos diários. Foram avaliadas as complicações pulmonares pósoperatórias, necessidade de fibrobroncoscopia pós-operatória, tempo de permanência do dreno torácico e permanência hospitalar após a cirurgia. Resultados: O grupo que recebeu atendimento baseado no protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado desenvolveu menos complicações que o grupo controle (17,3% vs. 30,9%; p ≤ 0.0001). Os pacientes do grupo controle necessitaram de mais intervenções por fibrobroncoscopia para higiene brônquica (n=14, 19,7% vs. n=5, 9,61%; p ≤ 0.0001). Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de drenagem torácica e permanência hospitalar entre os grupos. Conclusão: A implantação de um protocolo fisioterapêutico padronizado após ressecção pulmonar em crianças diminui o aparecimento de complicações pós-operatórias, porém não reduz o tempo de permanência de dreno torácico e a duração da internação hospitalar. / Background: Early physiotherapy reduces pulmonary complications after lung resection in adult patients. However, the effectiveness and the techniques used in postoperative physiotherapy in children undergoing lung resection have not been well described. Therefore, the standardization of a physiotherapeutic attendance after lung resection in children is necessary. Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective, interventional, descriptive and quantitative study. We evaluated 123 pediatric patients undergoing lung resection. Fifty-two children were prospectively submitted to a standardized physiotherapy protocol that included a mask with a positive expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 10 cmH2O, expiratory rib cage compression, coughing, lifting the upper limbs and ambulation starting within the first 4 hours after surgery and continuing three times each day. A historical control group of 71 patients received physiotherapeutic techniques without specific standardization and with variability in the start date and number of days attended. We recorded the presence of postoperative complications, prolonged air leak, postoperative bronchoscopy, the time of chest tube removal and the length of the hospital stay following surgery. Results: The group that received a standardized protocol of physiotherapy had fewer atelectasis than the control group (15.4% vs. 7.6%; p ≤ 0.01). Patients in the control group were more likely than those in the intervention group to require fiberoptic bronchoscopy for bronchial toilet (n = 14, 19.7% vs. n = 5, 9.61%; p ≤ 0.0001). There was no difference in the time of drainage or length of hospitalization between the groups. Conclusion: Implantation of a standardized physiotherapeutic protocol after lung resection in children decreases atelectasis but does not reduce the time of chest tube removal or the duration of the hospital stay.

Creating conditions for the effective healthcare provision in cooperation with the patient is one of the main missions of today's healthcare. A cardiac surgery is a difficult life situation for patients. Being informed, as the basic premise for the patient to become an active part of the entire healing process. The main aim of my thesis was to evaluate the awareness of patients who underwent a cardiac surgery, to map the problematic areas and to propose solutions. A combination of qualitative and quantitative method was used for the research. The qualitative part was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with three interviewees. The quantitative part had the form of the questionnaire presented to 52 respondents. The results of both researches have been analyzed. The results show that the patients seem to have been provided with adequate information at the clinic. Impact of patients' awareness on their cooperation with healthcare professionals was proven, in particular in rehabilitation. A medical doctor remains the main source of information for patients, but they often seek to obtain additional information from other sources. The use of multiple sources and different forms of information seems to be advisable. I identified the groups of patients requiring a specific approach when...

Este estudo realizou a revisão sistemática em cirurgia bariátrica com os objetivos de identificar os principais cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório desta cirurgia e elaborar recomendações de enfermagem para a assistência prestada ao paciente bariátrico. A questão de pesquisa foi: Quais os cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório da cirurgia bariátrica e sua importância para a recuperação do paciente? Foram previamente identificados 1483 estudos, sendo selecionados 123, onde a amostra final foi de 18 incluídos, publicados em periódicos científicos indexados no LILACS, SCIELO, PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE e Cochrane Library, desses 05(27,7%) abordavam os aspectos respiratórios, 03(16,6%) destacaram a comparação do pós-operatório de cirurgia aberta versus laparoscópica, 02(11,1%) sobre orientação/ educação multidisciplinar do paciente, 02(11,1%) sobre aspectos perioperatórios, 02(11,1%) sobre trombose e tromboembolismo pulmonar no pós-operatório, 02(11,1%) sobre cuidados anestésicos, 01(5,5%) abordava a dieta pós-operatória. Para a análise e avaliação dos estudos selecionados utilizou-se os seguintes itens: tipo de estudo/ escopo/ população/ coleta de dados/ resultados/ conclusão. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudos encontrados são do tipo prospectivo(55,6%), (44,4%) retrospectivo, sendo 100% quantitativos. Foram estudos realizados por médicos cirurgiões ou anestesistas, atuantes na área de cirurgia bariátrica, evidenciando a escassez de trabalhos realizados pela enfermagem tanto no Brasil, como em outros países.Com base nos estudos e na experiência com a assistência prestada ao paciente, foram elaboradas diretrizes de cuidados referentes aos sistemas respiratório, neurológico, urinário, e cuidados especiais quanto à dor, pele, dieta e prevenção de trombose. / This study carried a systematic review in bariatric surgery to identify the principal nursing care at postoperatory and to elaborate nurse advices to the assistance given for bariatric patients. The purpose of the searched was: What is the nursing care at postoperatory in bariatric surgery and is it importance to the recovery of the patient? Previousness were identified 1,483 articles, 123 selected and the final sample was the 18 included, published at scientific periodicals indexed in LILASC, SCIELO, PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library from that 05 (27.7%) approaches the respiratory aspects, 03 (16.6%) compared the postoperatory in open surgery versus laparoscopic surgery, 02 (11.1%) about orientation and multidisciplinary education of the patient, 02 (11.1%) about peri-operative factors, 02 (11.1%) about thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in postoperatory, 02 (11.1%) about anesthetic care, 01 (5.5%) about postoperatory pain and 01 (5.5%) approaches the diet during postoperatory period. To analyze and evaluate the selected studies the following items was used: study type/target/population/ data collection/results/conclusion. The results showed that the most of the found studies are prospectives (55.6%) and retrospective (44.4%) they become 100% quantitative. The studies were carry by surgical physicians or anaesthesiologist that performs in bariatric surgery, evidencing the scarcity of publications by nursing in Brazil and others countries. Based on papers and the experience with assistance for the patient were elaborated a guidelines for care relating to respiratory system, neurological, urinary, special care for the pain, skin, diet and thrombosis prevention.