Révolution physiologique et psychologique majeure, la voix est issue de l’association de plusieurs organes déjà existants, qui se sont combinés pour délimiter un appareil phonatoire, et permettre à l’être humain de produire, articuler, résonner et projeter des sons. A première vue, cela peut être considéré comme un acte dont les portées sont reliées à ses usages : porter la langue, le langage, communiquer sa pensée, ses émotions, parfois contre son gré. Les interconnexions de la voix avec l’image du corps, les postures vocales, respiratoires et son statut de pulsion (Lacan) sont bien connus. De plus, beaucoup des recherches se sont penchées sur les capacités d’un auditeur à percevoir l’état émotionnel du locuteur et mesurer les réactions corporelles de celui-ci (Fonagy, Scherer…).Ce travail étudie les impressions et sensations ressenties par l’être humain lorsqu’il émet une voix (cri, voix du dialogue intérieur, voix parlée, voix silencieuse…). Les perceptions conscientes et inconscientes engendrées par l’émission vocale déterminent un vaste et complexe système psycho-physiologique, collaborant avec l’appareil auditif. Mais, de plus, pour déclencher la conscience de la sensation d’émettre un son provenant du corps, plus ou moins en adéquation avec les intentions ou la volonté initiales, les stimuli, capteurs, signaux physiologiques, émotionnels et cérébraux, agissent en interdépendance avec tous les autres sens (le toucher, l’odorat, le goût, le vestibulaire, la proprioception et la vue). Sous cet angle, les étapes prélinguistiques sont appréhendées comme un apprentissage essentiel pour mémoriser et introjecter un savoir sonore universel, créer un codage personnel basé sur les ressentis toniques, moteurs, sensitifs et émotionnels, apte à intégrer le lexique phonologique de la future langue. A travers la rencontre et l’accompagnement d’adultes avec autisme ou TSA, suivis pendant six ans, et en prise à des degrés divers avec des troubles de la modulation sensorielle et du langage, ces questions et résultats sont utilisés pour éclairer les aménagements effectués par eux pour tenter de s’approprier leur voix, construire une communication et un langage particuliers, plus en adéquation avec leurs vécus internes. / The voice represents a major physiological and psychological revolution. It is the result of the combination of several existing organs that together create a phonatory apparatus that allows human beings to produce, articulate, resonate, project a sound to communicate. At first glance, the voice can be considered as an aptitude whose scope is related to the variety of ways it is used: to communicate a language, thoughts, emotions, sometimes against one’s will. There are well known interconnections between the voice and the image of the body, vocal postures, respiratory and its status of drive (Lacan). In addition, many pieces of research have explored the ability of a listener to perceive the speaker's emotional state and measure the body's reactions (Fonagy, Scherer, etc.).The following work studies the impressions and sensations felt by the human being, when it emits a voice, (cry, voice of the internal dialogue, spoken voice, silent voice...). The conscious and unconscious perceptions engendered by a vocal emission determine a vast and complex psycho-physiological system, that interacts with the auditory apparatus. Furthermore, stimuli, sensors, physiological, emotional and cerebral signals act in interdependence with all other senses (touch, smell, taste, vestibular, proprioception and sight), to bring to consciousness the sensation of emitting a sound from the body, in a way that more or less reflects the original intentions or will. From that standpoint, the pre-linguistic stages are considered to be an essential learning process to memorize and learn the universal knowledge of the sounds. It also helps create a 4 personal coding system based on the tonic, motor, sensory and emotional feelings, that integrates the phonological lexicon of the future language. These questions and results have been explored in the context of the meetings and the support of adults with autism or ASD, during a period of six years. All suffered from varying degrees of language and sensory modulation disorders. The purpose was to highlight the ways they attempt to appropriate their voice in order to create their own language andcommunication system.

The relationship between approach, avoidance and congruent postures and the experience of rapport was investigated. Sixty undergraduate college students (30 male, 30 female) were interviewed by a therapist who displayed either approach postures, avoidance postures or who posture shared. The degree of rapport experienced by the 20 subjects in the three groups was compared. In addition, the subjects' behaviors were divided into four groups (n = 11, or 19) along two orthogonal dimensions (high and low congruency and immediacy) and the degree of rapport experienced by the four groups compared. No statistically significant results were found in either analysis. An attempt was made to control for three crucial external variables: the therapist's degree of eye contact and smiling, and the verbal content of the interviews. Directions for future research were discussed with a focus on naturalistic study in the future. A self report measure of rapport was developed called the Rapport Experience Test (RET). The RET was designed to assess the successful communication of accurate empathy, unconditional positive regard and emotional congruence.Measures of internal consistency (Chronbach alpha) and test-retest reliability were obtained. These measures suggest that the RET may be a useful device for further research. Face validity was discussed.

Title: Individual movement compensation program influencing the correct postures at professional riders of BMX flatland Objectives: The aim of this work was to diagnosed the current state of the musculoskeletal system of selected probands. The next aim of this work was to created the individual movement compensation program based on the initial diagnosis and verify its effect. Partial goals were the introduction of the compensation program to probands, the confirmation of hypotheses and the interpretation of results. Methods of work: The thesis was based on the principle of case studies. Its idea was a creation and more importantly the appliciation of the individual three-months movement compensation program of five professional czech riders of BMX flatland. Part of this work was the kinesiology analysis which included the static and the dynamic testing, and the segment analysis on the Tanita MC-980 device. The Static test was consisted of the aspection and of the evaluation of the postures from three sides - from the back, from the front and from the side. Dynamic tests included the examination of muscle shortening, the examination of movement stereotypes and the testing of hypermobility. From other possible methods I used the interview, the observation and the peer to peer review. Results: At the...

It´s important to consider all the risks that the players are exposed to and have a holistic view on the matter. The conclusions from my sponsor and looking through research in the area I came to the conclusion that surface and shoes have minimal consequences and are not an area of interest for me in this project.

Os negócios são entendidos como um conjunto de relações e interações entre os grupos de stakeholders que participam nas atividades que compõe o negócio e como eles criam valor. Sob esta perspectiva, adotar a mentalidade dos stakeholders significa entender que o negócio é criação de valor para os stakeholders (FREEMAN, HARRISON, WICKS, 2007). O trabalho objetiva analisar a relação entre as posturas estratégicas e a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders nas empresas brasileiras. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram desenvolvidos os objetivos específicos: (a) analisar as posturas estratégicas dos stakeholders, por meio do potencial cooperativo e ameaça competitiva dos stakeholders; (b) analisar a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders; e (c) analisar a relação entre as posturas estratégicas e a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders. A revisão da literatura abordou a Teoria do Stakeholders, mais precisamente os modelos de Posturas Estratégicas de Freeman (1984) e a criação e distribuição de valor para os stakeholders. No modelo de posturas estratégicas de Freeman (1984) cada stakeholder é classificado conforme as posturas estratégicas de swing, defensive, offensive e hold para o desenvolvimento de estratégicas específicas de criação de valor. A classificação nas posturas estratégicas foi realizada em relação ao potencial cooperativo e de ameaça competitiva dos stakeholders primário à organização. O método de pesquisa empregado foi de análise de conteúdo quantitativa, a qual se baseia em técnicas de frequência das unidades de registro com a aplicação de técnicas estatísticas, e qualitativa, implicações decorrentes da presença ou ausência das unidades de registro na seção de Sumário da Companhia, dos prospectos de IPO. A população deste estudo é formada pelas 143 empresas que tiveram suas Ofertas Públicas de Ações disponíveis no site da BM&F Bovespa e CVM, no período de 2003 a 2013. Os resultados evidenciam que há diferenças na distribuição média de valor para os stakeholders de acordo com as posturas estratégicas. A postura estratégica Swing stakeholder é a postura estratégica de Freeman (1984) que possui diferença na distribuição média de valor em relação às posturas estratégicas Offensive, Defensive e Hold. Além de ter uma diferença na distribuição média de valor entre a postura estratégia Offensive e a postura Hold. / Business can be understood as a set of relations and interactions among stakeholder´s groups participating in activities that make up the business and how they create value. From this perspective, adopting stakeholder´s mindset means business is about value creation for the stakeholders (FREEMAN, HARRISON, WICKS, 2007). The work aims to analyze the relationship among strategic postures and the value distribution for stakeholders in Brazilian companies. To achieve this goal, specific objectives were developed: (a) analyze the strategic postures of the stakeholders, through the cooperative potential and competitive threat of stakeholders; (b) analyze the value distribution for stakeholders; and (c) analyze the relationship among strategic postures and the value distribution for stakeholders. The literature review addressed the stakeholder\'s theory, more precisely the Strategic Postures models Freeman (1984) and the creation and distribution of value for stakeholders. In Freeman´s (1984) Strategic Postures model each stakeholder is classified as its strategic postures: \"Swing\", \"Defensive\", \"Offensive\" and \"Hold\" for development of specific strategies of value creation. The strategic postures classifications was performed with respect to cooperative potential and competitive threats of primary organization´s stakeholders. The research method employed was content quantitative analysis, which is based on frequency techniques of log units applying statistical techniques, and qualitative, implications of presence or absence of log units in the Companies Summary section, the IPO prospectus. The study population was made using 143 companies which had their Public Offerings available in the BM&F Bovespa and the CVM website, from 2003 to 2013. The results show that there are differences in the average distribution of value to stakeholders in accordance with the strategic postures. The strategic posture Swing stakeholder is the strategic postures of Freeman (1984) that has difference in the average distribution of value in relation to the strategic postures Offensive, Defensive and Hold. Additionally, it can be noted a difference in average distribution among the strategic posture Offensive and the Hold.

Submitted by LARISSA DELMONT COLACITI null (larissadelaciti@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-24T18:37:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Larissa (texto e pré-textual)1.pdf: 1132631 bytes, checksum: 90947c8e89157bc2af02930316e36ae6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-24T19:53:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 colaciti_ld_me_bauru.pdf: 1132631 bytes, checksum: 90947c8e89157bc2af02930316e36ae6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-24T19:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 colaciti_ld_me_bauru.pdf: 1132631 bytes, checksum: 90947c8e89157bc2af02930316e36ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / A postura corporal é um dos indícios mais relevantes que a comunicação não verbal exerce no ser humano, podendo revelar até mesmo estados emocionais. As posturas abertas ou expansivas, com cabeça erguida e membros em extensão sugerem dominância, autoridade e poder sobre uma situação; e as posturas fechadas ou retraídas, com cabeça baixa e membros em flexão suscitam sentimentos mais depressivos, inseguros e negativos. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de verificar a influência das posturas abertas e fechadas sobre o equilíbrio estático, a autoestima, a frequência cardíaca e a saturação de oxigênio. Participaram 40 universitários, média de idade 21,25 anos, que realizaram as posturas abertas (dois minutos), aferiram a frequência cardíaca e a saturação de oxigênio, subiram na plataforma de força para verificar o equilíbrio estático, e responderam o escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, depois permaneciam em posturas fechadas (dois minutos) e realizaram as mesmas tarefas descritas. Os resultados mostraram que as posturas abertas e fechadas afetaram significantemente a autoestima, a frequência cardíaca e o equilíbrio estático, sendo que, os participantes realizando as posturas abertas tiveram maior escore na autoestima, na frequência cardíaca e também melhoram a estabilidade postural nas variáveis, área e deslocamento total do centro de pressão. Realizando-se as posturas fechadas diminuíram o escore da autoestima, da frequência cardíaca e menor estabilidade postural. / The body posture is one of the most important evidence that non-verbal communication exercises in humans may reveal even emotional states. Open or expansive postures, with raised head and limbs in extension suggests dominance, authority and power over a situation; and postures closed or retracted, with head and limbs in flexion raise more depressive, insecure and negative feelings. This research aims to investigate the influence of the open and closed positions on the static balance, self-esteem, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Attended by 40 students, average age 21.25 years, who underwent open positions (two minutes), measured the heart rate and oxygen saturation, they were up on the force platform to check the static equilibrium, and responded to the self-esteem scale Rosenberg, then remained in closed positions (two minutes) and performed the same tasks described. The results showed that the open and closed positions significantly affected the self-esteem, heart rate and static balance, with the participants holding open positions had higher scores on self-esteem, heart rate and also improve postural stability in variable area and total displacement of the center of pressure. By performing the closed postures decreased the score of self-esteem, heart rate and less postural stability.

Os negócios são entendidos como um conjunto de relações e interações entre os grupos de stakeholders que participam nas atividades que compõe o negócio e como eles criam valor. Sob esta perspectiva, adotar a mentalidade dos stakeholders significa entender que o negócio é criação de valor para os stakeholders (FREEMAN, HARRISON, WICKS, 2007). O trabalho objetiva analisar a relação entre as posturas estratégicas e a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders nas empresas brasileiras. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram desenvolvidos os objetivos específicos: (a) analisar as posturas estratégicas dos stakeholders, por meio do potencial cooperativo e ameaça competitiva dos stakeholders; (b) analisar a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders; e (c) analisar a relação entre as posturas estratégicas e a distribuição de valor para os stakeholders. A revisão da literatura abordou a Teoria do Stakeholders, mais precisamente os modelos de Posturas Estratégicas de Freeman (1984) e a criação e distribuição de valor para os stakeholders. No modelo de posturas estratégicas de Freeman (1984) cada stakeholder é classificado conforme as posturas estratégicas de swing, defensive, offensive e hold para o desenvolvimento de estratégicas específicas de criação de valor. A classificação nas posturas estratégicas foi realizada em relação ao potencial cooperativo e de ameaça competitiva dos stakeholders primário à organização. O método de pesquisa empregado foi de análise de conteúdo quantitativa, a qual se baseia em técnicas de frequência das unidades de registro com a aplicação de técnicas estatísticas, e qualitativa, implicações decorrentes da presença ou ausência das unidades de registro na seção de Sumário da Companhia, dos prospectos de IPO. A população deste estudo é formada pelas 143 empresas que tiveram suas Ofertas Públicas de Ações disponíveis no site da BM&F Bovespa e CVM, no período de 2003 a 2013. Os resultados evidenciam que há diferenças na distribuição média de valor para os stakeholders de acordo com as posturas estratégicas. A postura estratégica Swing stakeholder é a postura estratégica de Freeman (1984) que possui diferença na distribuição média de valor em relação às posturas estratégicas Offensive, Defensive e Hold. Além de ter uma diferença na distribuição média de valor entre a postura estratégia Offensive e a postura Hold. / Business can be understood as a set of relations and interactions among stakeholder´s groups participating in activities that make up the business and how they create value. From this perspective, adopting stakeholder´s mindset means business is about value creation for the stakeholders (FREEMAN, HARRISON, WICKS, 2007). The work aims to analyze the relationship among strategic postures and the value distribution for stakeholders in Brazilian companies. To achieve this goal, specific objectives were developed: (a) analyze the strategic postures of the stakeholders, through the cooperative potential and competitive threat of stakeholders; (b) analyze the value distribution for stakeholders; and (c) analyze the relationship among strategic postures and the value distribution for stakeholders. The literature review addressed the stakeholder\'s theory, more precisely the Strategic Postures models Freeman (1984) and the creation and distribution of value for stakeholders. In Freeman´s (1984) Strategic Postures model each stakeholder is classified as its strategic postures: \"Swing\", \"Defensive\", \"Offensive\" and \"Hold\" for development of specific strategies of value creation. The strategic postures classifications was performed with respect to cooperative potential and competitive threats of primary organization´s stakeholders. The research method employed was content quantitative analysis, which is based on frequency techniques of log units applying statistical techniques, and qualitative, implications of presence or absence of log units in the Companies Summary section, the IPO prospectus. The study population was made using 143 companies which had their Public Offerings available in the BM&F Bovespa and the CVM website, from 2003 to 2013. The results show that there are differences in the average distribution of value to stakeholders in accordance with the strategic postures. The strategic posture Swing stakeholder is the strategic postures of Freeman (1984) that has difference in the average distribution of value in relation to the strategic postures Offensive, Defensive and Hold. Additionally, it can be noted a difference in average distribution among the strategic posture Offensive and the Hold.

This dissertation is aimed at investigating the impact of postural changes within speakers on the acoustic speech signal to complement research on articulatory changes under the same conditions. The research is therefore relevant for forensic phonetics, where quantifying within-speaker variation is vital for the accuracy of speaker comparison. To this end, two acoustic studies were carried out to quantify the influence of five head positions and three body orientations on the acoustic speech signal. Results show that there is a consistent change in the third formant, a change which was most evident in the body orientation measurements, and to a lesser extent in the head position data. Analysis of the results with respect to compensation strategies indicates that speakers employ different strategies to compensate for these perturbations to their vocal tract. Some speakers did not exhibit large differences in their speech signal, while others appeared to compensate much less. Across all speakers, the effect was much stronger in what were deemed ‘less natural’, postures. That is, speakers were apparently less able to predict and compensate for the impact of prone body orientation on their speech than for that of the more natural supine orientation. In addition to the acoustic studies, a perception experiment assessed whether listeners could make use of acoustic cues to determine the posture of the speaker. Stimuli were chosen with, by design, stronger or weaker acoustic cues to posture, in order to elicit a possible difference in identification performance. Listeners were nevertheless not able to identify above chance whether a speaker was sitting or lying in prone body orientation even when hearing the set with stronger cues. Further combined articulatory and acoustic research will have to be carried out to disentangle which articulatory behaviours correlate with the acoustic changes presented in order to draw a more comprehensive picture of the effects of postural variation on speech.

This research evaluates the effects of seat back angle and armrest angle on performance of the following variables: (1) static force generation capabilities on an isometric force-stick; (2) lower-body isometric muscle contractions used in anti-gravity straining maneuvers (AGSMs); and (3) tracking performance for a manual tracking task. The purpose of this research is to determine if certain body postures significantly affect force generation, isometric muscle contractions, and tracking error. Subjects perform three different tasks over four experimental sessions. In the first session, subjects generate maximum force on a sidearm isometric force-stick at 18 seat back and armrest combinations (six seat back angles x three armrest angles) in two directions (roll left and roll right). In the next three sessions, subjects perform either a manual tracking task or a manual tracking task concurrent with lower-body isometric muscle contractions at each of the 18 seat back and armrest combinations. The dependent measures used to evaluate performance are stick force, blood pressure, and tracking error. The results indicate the following: (1) static force generation ability is significantly affected by gender, seat back angle, and direction in which the force is applied; (2) 1ower-body isometric muscle contractions used to elevate blood pressure are not significantly affected by seatback angle and armrest angle; and (3) tracking error is significantly affected by seatback angle. Some results are consistent with previous research that found force capabilities are affected by the direction in which force is applied, and that body posture does not affect isometric muscle contractions used to increase blood pressure. However, other results indicate the need for further research to determine the relationship of body posture to isometric muscle contraction used in AGSMs and manual tracking. / Master of Science

Aim: To determine the criterion validity of the Activ8a and VitaMoveb activity monitors (AM) in measuring body postures and movements (P&M) in adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with different gross motor functional abilities in a simulated free-living environment. Methods: In this observational validation study participants were included between March and June 2016. Participants were divided into two groups: ambulatory and non-ambulatory adults (wheelchair users). For ambulatory adults, three Activ8 monitors (attached to the frontal thigh, lateral thigh, and in the pant pocket) and three synchronized VitaMove monitors (attached to the chest and each leg) were worn while participants were video recorded when performing a standardized activity protocol. For non-ambulatory adults, two synchronized Activ8 monitors (attached to the dominant wrist and wheelchair wheel) and three VitaMove monitors (attached to the chest and each wrist) were worn while participants were video recorded when performing a standardized wheelchair protocol. A native Dutch student provided standardized instructions while the author video recorded participants. Activities were performed in a movement laboratory and simulated free-living environment. Output data of the Activ8 and the VitaMove monitors were compared with video observation as a criterion measure. Absolute and relative time differences were calculated for each detected body P&M and for total measurement time for each participant. The following body P&M categories were detected: sitting, standing, walking, running, cycling, wheelchair driving, active upper body (stable wheelchair), and assisted driving. Agreement between the Activ8 and VitaMove during activity measurement was determined for each activity using Spearman Rho correlation coefficients, which were then compared with Meng’s test. Adapted Bland-Altman plots were completed to determine agreement at an individual level and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were calculated to evaluate differences between detected P&M time across measures. Relative time differences of <10% between measures were indicative of acceptable validity. Results: Fifteen adults with spastic CP [10 men; mean(SD) age, 35.7(13) years; Gross Motor Function Classification System distribution: level I (n=6), level II (n=5), level III (n=3), level IV (n=1)] were included. For ambulatory adults (n=14), criterion validity of the Activ8 at the lateral thigh location during basic and complex daily life activities was moderate to good (average relative time differences: 0.25% for sitting, 4.69% for standing, 2.46% for walking, 3.19% for cycling, and 1.96% for light-to-moderate upright activity), except for running (34.6% average difference) The criterion validity of the VitaMove was acceptable, with the exception of standing and running (average relative time differences: 1.69% for sitting, 12.3% for standing, 4.84% for walking, 9.70% for cycling, 23.8% for running, and 0.91% for light-to-moderate upright activity). Spearman Rho correlation coefficients were significantly greater between video/lateral thigh Activ8 than video/frontal thigh Activ8 and video/pant pocket Activ8 for P&M categories sitting, basic standing, basic walking, and light-to-moderate upright activity (p<0.01 for all). Moreover, Spearman Rho correlation coefficients were significantly greater between video/Activ8 than video/VitaMove for basic walking and light-to-moderate upright activity P&M categories (p<0.01). In non-ambulatory, wheelchair users (n=3), the Wheelchair Activ8 demonstrated greater validity than the VitaMove monitor, when compared to video observation, for the detection of sedentary upper body and active upper body behaviours. Conclusion: The Activ8, positioned on the lateral thigh, demonstrates adequate validity as a tool for monitoring of body P&M during free-living activities in ambulatory adults with spastic CP. The Activ8 demonstrated superior validity as a direct measure of body P&M compared to the VitaMove AM. The sample size of non-ambulatory adults was small (n=3) and allowed for descriptive and exploratory analysis only; therefore, validity of the Wheelchair Activ8 for has to be further examined in a larger number of participants. Clinical relevance: The Activ8 and Wheelchair Activ8 shows promise as a clinical measurement tool of physical behaviour for adults with CP across GMFCS levels I-IV. The Activ8 could be used in the future development of health promotion initiatives, due to the features of goal setting and user feedback, while providing researchers greater insight in activity data than consumer-grade AMs. Suppliers: a. Activ8, trademark of Remedy Distribution Ltd. (original equipment manufacturer is 2M Engineering Ltd.), John F Kennedylaan 3, 5555XC, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands b. VitaMove, 2M Engineering Ltd., John F Kennedylaan 3, 5555XC, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)