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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE POLIMERIZAÇÃO E ELEVAÇÃO DE TEMPERATURA PRODUZIDA POR APARELHOS FOTOPOLIMERIZADORES / Curing efficiency and temperature increasement produced by photo-activation devices

Godoy, Eloisa de Paula 26 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EloisaPaula.pdf: 3565954 bytes, checksum: a85195d4f7c3955efe156f512ceaeccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / This study evaluated the curing efficiency and the temperature increasement produced by curing units during the photo-activation of the composite, Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE) and Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE). At the same time, the emission spectrum and power of the curing units were tested using the spectrometer USB2000 (Ocean Optics) and the Power Meter (Ophir). The light intensity was determined by the reason between power and active top light area of each unit. The curing units used were a halogen lamp Optilux 401 (Demetron) and three light emitting diode devices (LED), LEDemetron I (Kerr), Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE), with light intensity of 661 mW/cm2, 627 mW/cm2, 1229 mW/cm2 and 330 mW/cm2, respectively. The curing efficiency was evaluated by Vickers hardness, determined on bottom surface the specimens prepared in steal mold, which it was filled with the selected composite, and stored during a period of 24 hours. Using a thermocouple type-K, placed under a dentin disk with 0,5 mm thickness, it was observed The temperature increasement produced by the four devices was measured during the photo-activation of the adhesive system and of an increment of 2 mm of thickness of composite, which were activated for 20 and 40 seconds, respectively. The results of Vickers hardness and of temperature increasement were submitted to the statistical analysis ANOVA 2 way and post test Bonferroni with 5% significance. For the composite Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE) the four units curing devices assessed did not present statistical differences in the superficial hardness. For the composite Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE), the unit curing Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE) produced statistical lower hardness (p < 0,05), whereas it has not statistical differences in hardness among the units curing devices. The composite Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE) presented higher hardness than resin Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE) (p <0,05). The unit curing light emitting diode Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) and the unit curing of halogen lamp Optilux 401 (Demetron) emitted the same temperature increasement statistically, reaching (17,6°C), duri ng the photo-activation of the adhesive system. The lower value of temperature increase was registered for the unit curing Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE) in the adhesive system (7,2°C) (p < 0,001) and in the composite (3,1°C) (p < 0,05). Statistically, th e temperature increasement registered during the activation of the composite was lower than the temperature increasement registered during the activation in the adhesive system (p < 0,001). / Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de polimerização e a elevação de temperatura produzida por aparelhos fotopolimerizadores na polimerização das resinas compostas, Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE) e Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE). Paralelamente foi determinado o comprimento de onda e a potência dos aparelhos, utilizando-se um espectrômentro USB2000 (Ocean Optics) e um Power Meter (Ophir). A intensidade de luz foi obtida pela razão entre potência e área da ponta ativa de cada aparelho. Foram testados um aparelho fotopolimerizador de lâmpada halógena Optilux 401 (Demetron) e três aparelhos à base de LEDs: LEDemetron I (Kerr), Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) e Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE), que apresentaram intensidades de luz de 661 mW/cm2, 627 mW/cm2, 1229 mW/cm2 e 330 mW/cm2, respectivamente. A capacidade de polimerização foi registrada através do teste de microdureza Vickers, avaliando a superfície de base de corpos-de-prova confeccionados em matrizes metálicas, nas quais foram inseridas as resinas compostas selecionadas, e armazenados durante 24 horas. Utilizando-se de um termopar tipo-K, posicionado sob um disco de dentina de 0,5 mm de espessura verificou-se a elevação de temperatura produzida pelos 4 aparelhos durante a fotopolimerização do sistema adesivo e de um incremento de 2 mm de espessura de resina composta, fotopolimerizados por 20 e 40 segundos, respectivamente. Os resultados de microdureza superficial e de elevação de temperatura foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA 2 critérios e pós teste de Bonferroni com 5% de significância. Para a resina composta Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE), os quatro aparelhos avaliados não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas na microdureza superficial. Para a resina composta Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE), o aparelho Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE) apresentou os menores valores de microdureza superficial (p<0,05), não havendo diferença estatística entre os demais aparelhos. A resina composta Filtek™Z250 (3M ESPE) apresentou maiores valores de microdureza Vickers do que a resina Filtek™Z350 (3M ESPE) (p<0,05). O aparelho à base de LED Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) emitiu estatisticamente a mesma elevação de temperatura que o aparelho de lâmpada halógena Optilux 401 (Demetron) (17,6°C) durante a polimerização do sistema adesivo. O menor valor de elevação de temperatura foi registrado para o aparelho Elipar Freelight (3M ESPE), tanto no sistema adesivo (7,2°C) (p<0,001) como na resina composta (3,1°C) (p<0,05). As elevaç ões de temperatura registradas durante a polimerização das resinas compostas foram estatisticamente menores que as elevações de temperatura registradas durante a polimerização no sistema adesivo (p<0,001).
2

Predicting Material Properties of Methane Hydrates with Cubic Crystal Structure Using Molecular Simulations

Lorenz, Tommy, Jäger, Andreas, Breitkopf, Cornelia 19 March 2024 (has links)
Formation of gas hydrates is an important feature of water systems. It occurs undesirably in natural gas pipelines, but also in deep-sea deposits and unfreezing permafrost. However, the natural occurrence is of particular interest because methane hydrates have one of the highest energy densities of all naturally occurring forms of methane. Therefore, an accurate description of its thermodynamic properties is required. In this work, we demonstrate how the material properties of methane hydrate can be more easily calculated compared to ab initio methods. Furthermore, it is shown how the material properties depend on the cage occupancy by using the comparably fast self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. The cell potential is calculated and compared to a numerical as well as an ab initio model, and is in good agreement with the literature.

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