<p>To save time in Flextronics high volume production, the time for test and calibration of mobile telephones need to be as short and accurate as possible. In the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) case, the output power calibration is the most critical calibration concerning accuracy. The aim with this thesis was to find a faster calibration method than the one that exists today and still retain accuracy. </p><p>The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) outlines the requirements of the output power and they must be thoroughly considered when choosing calibration method. Measurement accuracy and the behavior of the transmitter chain parameters also must be considered. </p><p>The output power in the WCDMA phone studied is controlled by seven parameters. The parameters are characterized in this thesis, and are found to be too hardware dependent to be predicted or to be seen as predictions from each other. </p><p>Since no parameter predictions are possible it was stated that all parameters have to be measured, and a new way of measuring them in a faster way is proposed. The principle of the new measurement method is presented, and the implemented software is tested and evaluated. The new method mainly makes use of the spectrum analyzer zero span function. </p><p>The evaluation shows that the new method is faster than the original and retains accuracy. The measurement uncertainties even seem to diminish, which implicates decreased temperature dependence due to faster measurement time.</p>

To save time in Flextronics high volume production, the time for test and calibration of mobile telephones need to be as short and accurate as possible. In the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) case, the output power calibration is the most critical calibration concerning accuracy. The aim with this thesis was to find a faster calibration method than the one that exists today and still retain accuracy. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) outlines the requirements of the output power and they must be thoroughly considered when choosing calibration method. Measurement accuracy and the behavior of the transmitter chain parameters also must be considered. The output power in the WCDMA phone studied is controlled by seven parameters. The parameters are characterized in this thesis, and are found to be too hardware dependent to be predicted or to be seen as predictions from each other. Since no parameter predictions are possible it was stated that all parameters have to be measured, and a new way of measuring them in a faster way is proposed. The principle of the new measurement method is presented, and the implemented software is tested and evaluated. The new method mainly makes use of the spectrum analyzer zero span function. The evaluation shows that the new method is faster than the original and retains accuracy. The measurement uncertainties even seem to diminish, which implicates decreased temperature dependence due to faster measurement time.

<p>This thesis deals with output power calibration of a mobile platform that supports EGPRS.Two different topics are examined. First some different measurement methods are compared concerning cost efficiency, accuracy, and speed and later measurements are carried out on a mobile platform. </p><p>The output power from the mobile platform is controlled by three parameters and the influence on the output power when varying those parameters is investigated and presented. Furthermore, two methods of improving the speed of the calibration are presented. </p><p>The first one aims to decrease the number of bursts to average over as much as possible. The conclusion is that 10-20 bursts are enough for GMSK modulation and about five bursts for 8PSK modulation. The purpose of the second investigation is to examine the possibility to measure the output power in one modulation and frequency band, and then calculate the output power in the other bands. The conclusion in this case is that, based on the units investigated, it is possible for some values of the parameters and in some frequency bands. However, more units need to be included in the basic data for decision-making and it is possible that the hardware variation is too large.</p>

This thesis deals with output power calibration of a mobile platform that supports EGPRS.Two different topics are examined. First some different measurement methods are compared concerning cost efficiency, accuracy, and speed and later measurements are carried out on a mobile platform. The output power from the mobile platform is controlled by three parameters and the influence on the output power when varying those parameters is investigated and presented. Furthermore, two methods of improving the speed of the calibration are presented. The first one aims to decrease the number of bursts to average over as much as possible. The conclusion is that 10-20 bursts are enough for GMSK modulation and about five bursts for 8PSK modulation. The purpose of the second investigation is to examine the possibility to measure the output power in one modulation and frequency band, and then calculate the output power in the other bands. The conclusion in this case is that, based on the units investigated, it is possible for some values of the parameters and in some frequency bands. However, more units need to be included in the basic data for decision-making and it is possible that the hardware variation is too large.

A ativação de folhas de ouro é uma das técnicas mais usadas para obter dados experimentais e assim comparar os resultados obtidos com aqueles calculados usando metodologias específicas e seus respectivos dados nucleares. Através da irradiação de folhas de ativação e posterior medida da atividade nelas induzida é possível determinar o fluxo de nêutrons no local da irradiação. O nível da potência de operação do reator é um parâmetro diretamente proporcional ao fluxo médio de nêutrons no núcleo do reator. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter, pela irradiação de folhas de ouro posicionadas simetricamente dentro do núcleo, utilizando a configuração cilíndrica que apresenta o menor excesso de reatividade, a potência gerada pela distribuição espacial do fluxo de nêutrons térmicos e epitérmicos no núcleo do reator IPEN/MB-01 e assim, calibrar seus canais nucleares. As folhas foram colocadas em uma placa de Lucite e irradiadas com e sem cobertura de cádmio, para se obter o valor absoluto de nêutrons térmicos e epitérmicos. A correlação entre a potência média do fluxo de nêutrons, como resultado da irradiação das folhas de ouro e, a potência média obtida a partir da aquisição de valores digitais dos canais nucleares, permite calibrar os canais nucleares do reator. Em 2008 foi feita a correlação para a configuração de núcleo retangular que resultou em uma calibração específica do nível de potência de operação para esta configuração geométrica de núcleo. Assim, esta calibração não pode ser utilizada como referência para a configuração em questão, ou seja, a cilíndrica, pois os parâmetros nucleares de distribuição de fluxo não são os mesmos, pois a distribuição difere para cada tipo de distribuição geométrica de núcleo. Além disto, o conhecimento preciso da potência de operação do reator nos permite obter os valores absolutos de fluxos de nêutrons e assim validar a metodologia de cálculo utilizada para este propósito. / The activation foils is one of the most used techniques to obtain nuclear parameters and thus compare the results with the calculated ones using specific methodologies and its nuclear data. Through the irradiation in the activation foils and ulterior measurement on its induced activity, it is possible to determine the neutron flux in the position where they were irradiated. The power level operation of the reactor is a parameter directly proportional to the average neutron flux in the core. The objective of this work is to obtain, by irradiating gold foils positioned symmetrically into the core for a cylindrical configuration, that presents the minor reactivity excess, the power generated through the spatial thermal and epitermal neutron flux distribution in the core of the IPEN/MB-01 Reactor, and thus calibrate its nuclear channels. The foils were put in a Lucite plate and irradiated with and without cadmium covered small plates, to obtain the absolute thermal and epithermal neutron flux. The correlation between the average power neutron flux, as a result of the gold foil´s irradiation and, the average power obtained by the digital values of the nuclear channels, allows the calibration of the nuclear channels of the reactor. This same correlation was done in 2008 with the reactor in a rectangular configuration, which resulted in a specific calibration of the power level operation for this geometric configuration of the core. Thus this calibration cannot be used as a reference for the actual configuration, the cylindrical one, because the nuclear parameters of the neutrons distribution are not the same, it changes for every geometric configuration of the core. Furthermore, the precise knowledge of the power neutron flux allows us to obtain absolute value of the neutron flux and thus validate the methodology used for this purpose.

A ativação de folhas de ouro é uma das técnicas mais usadas para obter dados experimentais e assim comparar os resultados obtidos com aqueles calculados usando metodologias específicas e seus respectivos dados nucleares. Através da irradiação de folhas de ativação e posterior medida da atividade nelas induzida é possível determinar o fluxo de nêutrons no local da irradiação. O nível da potência de operação do reator é um parâmetro diretamente proporcional ao fluxo médio de nêutrons no núcleo do reator. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter, pela irradiação de folhas de ouro posicionadas simetricamente dentro do núcleo, utilizando a configuração cilíndrica que apresenta o menor excesso de reatividade, a potência gerada pela distribuição espacial do fluxo de nêutrons térmicos e epitérmicos no núcleo do reator IPEN/MB-01 e assim, calibrar seus canais nucleares. As folhas foram colocadas em uma placa de Lucite e irradiadas com e sem cobertura de cádmio, para se obter o valor absoluto de nêutrons térmicos e epitérmicos. A correlação entre a potência média do fluxo de nêutrons, como resultado da irradiação das folhas de ouro e, a potência média obtida a partir da aquisição de valores digitais dos canais nucleares, permite calibrar os canais nucleares do reator. Em 2008 foi feita a correlação para a configuração de núcleo retangular que resultou em uma calibração específica do nível de potência de operação para esta configuração geométrica de núcleo. Assim, esta calibração não pode ser utilizada como referência para a configuração em questão, ou seja, a cilíndrica, pois os parâmetros nucleares de distribuição de fluxo não são os mesmos, pois a distribuição difere para cada tipo de distribuição geométrica de núcleo. Além disto, o conhecimento preciso da potência de operação do reator nos permite obter os valores absolutos de fluxos de nêutrons e assim validar a metodologia de cálculo utilizada para este propósito. / The activation foils is one of the most used techniques to obtain nuclear parameters and thus compare the results with the calculated ones using specific methodologies and its nuclear data. Through the irradiation in the activation foils and ulterior measurement on its induced activity, it is possible to determine the neutron flux in the position where they were irradiated. The power level operation of the reactor is a parameter directly proportional to the average neutron flux in the core. The objective of this work is to obtain, by irradiating gold foils positioned symmetrically into the core for a cylindrical configuration, that presents the minor reactivity excess, the power generated through the spatial thermal and epitermal neutron flux distribution in the core of the IPEN/MB-01 Reactor, and thus calibrate its nuclear channels. The foils were put in a Lucite plate and irradiated with and without cadmium covered small plates, to obtain the absolute thermal and epithermal neutron flux. The correlation between the average power neutron flux, as a result of the gold foil´s irradiation and, the average power obtained by the digital values of the nuclear channels, allows the calibration of the nuclear channels of the reactor. This same correlation was done in 2008 with the reactor in a rectangular configuration, which resulted in a specific calibration of the power level operation for this geometric configuration of the core. Thus this calibration cannot be used as a reference for the actual configuration, the cylindrical one, because the nuclear parameters of the neutrons distribution are not the same, it changes for every geometric configuration of the core. Furthermore, the precise knowledge of the power neutron flux allows us to obtain absolute value of the neutron flux and thus validate the methodology used for this purpose.