Background Expectations and knowledge of pregnant women prior to fetal ultrasound are well documented in developed countries. Women have generally been shown to have appropriate and reasonable expectations and knowledge. The main objective of this study was to examine whether the views of women in our setting are similar to findings from studies in developed countries. Methods This was a descriptive study done on pregnant women attending the ultrasound department and antenatal clinic at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital. An interview questionnaire was administered before the ultrasound scan. Results Two hundred and fifty women were recruited. The most frequently expressed expectation was to determine sex of baby (n=154). This was followed by wanting to know the baby’s wellbeing and health (n=136). All the women interviewed had expectations. The majority of women did not know that fetal anomalies could be detected at fetal ultrasound (n=235), this was statistically significant (p=0.003) and was correlated to educational level. Almost half the women did not know the purpose of the ultrasound for which they were referred for (n=124). Conclusion Most women had appropriate expectations in keeping with studies from developed countries. Lack of education was directly linked to poor knowledge of fetal ultrasound. This study has identified areas where patient education is needed regarding fetal ultrasounds. / LG2018

For women of reproductive age, automobile crashes are the leading cause of death worldwide. It has been estimated that 40,000 women in the second half of pregnancy are involved in motor-vehicle crashes each year. It has been estimated that between 300 to 3800 will experience a fetal loss. Placental abruption has been shown to account for 50% to 70% of fetal losses in motor vehicle crashes. While there is a growing database of medical case studies and retrospective studies describing the outcome of motor vehicle accidents involving pregnant occupants, as well as the effect of seatbelts on fetal survival, previous research has not produced a tool for engineers to use to improve the safety of a pregnant occupant in a motor vehicle. The goal of this project was to develop a model that can quantify the stresses and strains on the uterus of a pregnant woman in order to predict the risk of injury. A finite element uterine model of a 7-month pregnant female was created and integrated into a multi-body human model. Unrestrained, 3-pt belt, and 3-pt belt plus airbag tests were simulated at speeds ranging from 13 kph to 55 kph. Peak uterine strain was found to be a good predictor of fetal outcome. The uterine strain sufficient to cause placental abruption was seen in simulations known to have greater than 75% risk of adverse fetal outcome. Head injury criteria (HIC) and viscous criterion (V*C) were examined as a check of overall occupant protection. The 3-pt belt plus airbag restraint provided the greatest amount of protection to the mother. The model proved successful at predicting risk of fetal demise from placental abruption and verified experimental findings noting the importance of proper restraint use for the pregnant occupant. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (DPsych) -- School of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. / Submitted in partial requirement fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Professional Doctorate in Counselling Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007". "February 2007". Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-256).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

In the aftennath of the policy crisis which followed the chaining of pregnant prisoners in labour and childbirth, this study constitutes the first to provide qualitative data (supported by basic quantitative analysis) derived from in-depth interviews with pregnant prisoners about their experiences, conducted in England and Wales. From this data, the thesis describes: ( a) the characteristics of pregnant prisoners, (b) the effect of pregnancy on the experience of imprisonment, and (c) the effect of imprisonment on the experience of pregnancy. In addition to this, the thesis presents an account of Prison Service policy and practice relating to pregnancy in prison using data obtained from questionnaires completed by prison staff. Infonned by the medicalisation critique and perspectives from Foucault, it is argued that due to the construction of pregnancy and childbirth as medical events, pregnant women's bodies are subject to medical control and intervention. The reproduction and enforcement of this medical model in Prison Service policy and practice duplicates the control endured by pregnant prisoners producing docile bodies, subject to controlled knowledge and restricted autonomy. The overall effect of this is the deconstruction of women's competency to deal with pregnancy and childbirth. The thesis argues that the motivation behind this control is the creation of productivity, namely, healthy bodies and the control of sexuality, and the perpetuation of docility, through the social control of women's multiple-deviance. The thesis attributes the success of this control to the selfpolicing operated by pregnant women, which is evident from their expectations and demands for pregnancy, even in prison. Finally, the thesis argues that the conditions experienced by pregnant prisoners are punishing, in view of the dual control endured and the physical effects of imprisonment on pregnancy. IV

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