This thesis investigates the practices of Premilitary Instruction (IPM) developed at Atheneu Sergipense, a civilian school of secondary education of the youth from Sergipe, in the period from 1909 to 1946, in Aracaju- SE, showing that the performance of the army instructors fulfilled an important role in preparing the youth for national defense. Based on the theoretical-methodological postulates of Cultural History, it unites the analytical categories of the School Disciplines by Chervel (1990), identifying the constitutive elements of the IPM in the legislation, in the evidences of the practices of Atheneu Sergipense, and in the teaching manuals of Premilitary Instruction written by Moacyr Fayão de Abreu Gomes (1944) and by Avelino Canazza (1945). The methodological assumptions of Chartier (1990), Certeau (2011) and Elias (1997) contributed to the identification of the practices, the representations and the configurations of the work of the military personnel in that educational institution, going from the regulation to the publication of teaching manuals. The general objective is to analyze the practices of IPM at Atheneu Sergipense, attempting to understand its process of institutionalization, as well as to present the understanding of the place occupied by IPM of mobilizable youth to deal with conflicts, if needed. The research is based on a bibliographical survey, exploring the Digital Database of Thesis and Dissertations, followed by the search for documental sources in official mails, journals, reports, regulations, decrees, protocols and other printed sources, fundamental for the understanding of what the subject represents for the field of History of Education. The collections consulted were those from the following institutions: the Center of Education and Memory of the Atheneu Sergipense, the Public Library Epifânio Dória, the Central Library of UFS, the Archive of the 28º Batalhão de Caçadores, and the Historical and Geographical Institute of Sergipe. The study highlights that the IPM reinforced the role of the “moral forces” that would help in the organization of the State, mainly by instilling patriotism and the “military spirit” in youth. The IPM at Atheneu Sergipense was set up as a school course, showing the finalities, the contents and the types of exams. Therefore, the principles of the army to be spread between civilians revealed the value between the relation of the mandatory military service and the preparation of the youth for national defense, from the founding elements of the military institution: obedience and discipline.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / La presente tesis investiga las prácticas de Instrucción Pre-Militar (IPM) desarrolladas en el Atheneu Sergipense, escuela civil de formación secundaria de la juventud sergipana, en el período de 1909 a 1946, en Aracaju -SE, mostrando que la actuación de los instructores del Ejército cumplía un importante papel en la preparación de los jóvenes para la defensa nacional. Basada en los postulados teórico-metodológicos de la Historia Cultural, concilia las categorías analíticas de Disciplinas Escolares de Chervel (1990), Felgueiras (2010) identificando los elementos constitutivos de la IPM en la legislación, en los indicios de las prácticas del Atheneu Sergipense y en los manuales didácticos de la Instrucción Pre-Militar de Moacyr Fayão de Abreu Gomes (1944) y de Avelino Canazza (1945). Los presupuestos metodológicos de Chartier (1990), Certeau (2011) y Elias (1997) contribuyeron a identificar las prácticas, las representaciones y las configuraciones del trabajo de los militares en aquel establecimiento de enseñanza, partiendo de la normatización hasta la publicación de los manuales didácticos. El objetivo general es analizar las prácticas de IPM en el Atheneu Sergipense, buscando comprender su proceso de institucionalización, así como mostrar el entendimiento sobre el lugar que ocupaba la IPM lo que requería y justificaba la preparación de jóvenes movilizables para hacer frente a los enfrentamientos, si fuera necesario. La investigación está asentada en levantamiento bibliográfico, explorando el Banco Digital de Disertaciones y Tesis, siguiendo de la búsqueda de fuentes documentales en oficios, periódicos, informes, reglamentos, decretos, actas y otros impresos, fundamentales para la comprensión de lo que representa la temática para el campo de la Historia de la Educación. Se consultaron los acervos de las siguientes instituciones: Centro de Educación y Memoria del Atheneu Sergipense, Biblioteca Pública Epifanio Dória, Biblioteca Central de la UFS, Archivo del 28º Batalhão de Caçadores e Instituto Histórico y Geográfico de Sergipe. El estudio pone de relieve que la IPM reforzaba el rol de las "fuerzas morales" que ayudarían en la organización del Estado, principalmente por inculcar en la juventud la disciplina, el patriotismo y el "espíritu militar". La IPM en el Atheneu Sergipense se configuró como asignatura escolar, presentando las finalidades, los contenidos y las formas de evaluación. Así, los principios del Ejército a ser difundidos entre los civiles revelaron el expreso valor entre la relación del servicio militar obligatorio y la preparación de la juventud para la defensa nacional, a partir de los elementos fundantes de la institución militar: la obediencia y la disciplina. / A presente tese investiga as práticas de Instrução Pré-Militar (IPM) desenvolvidas no Atheneu Sergipense, escola civil de formação secundária da juventude sergipana, no período de 1909 a 1946, em Aracaju –SE, mostrando que a atuação dos instrutores do Exército cumpria um importante papel no preparo dos jovens para a defesa nacional. Embasada nos postulados teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural, concilia as categorias analíticas de Disciplinas Escolares de Chervel (1990), Felgueiras (2010), identificando os elementos constitutivos da IPM na legislação, nos indícios das práticas do Atheneu Sergipense e nos manuais didáticos da Instrução Pré-Militar de Moacyr Fayão de Abreu Gomes (1944) e de Avelino Canazza (1945). Os pressupostos metodológicos de Chartier (1990), Certeau (2011) e Elias (1997) contribuíram para identificar as práticas, as representações e as configurações do trabalho dos militares naquele estabelecimento de ensino, partindo da normatização até a publicação dos manuais didáticos. O objetivo geral é analisar as práticas de IPM no Atheneu Sergipense, procurando compreender o seu processo de institucionalização, bem como mostrar o entendimento sobre o lugar que ocupava a IPM no preparo de jovens mobilizáveis para lidar com confrontos, caso fosse necessário. A pesquisa está assentada em levantamento bibliográfico, explorando o Banco Digital de Dissertações e Teses, seguindo da busca de fontes documentais em ofícios, jornais, relatórios, regulamentos, decretos, atas e outros impressos, fundamentais para compreensão do que representa a temática para o campo da História da Educação. Foram consultados os acervos das seguintes instituições: Centro de Educação e Memória do Atheneu Sergipense, Biblioteca Pública Epifânio Dória, Biblioteca Central da UFS, Arquivo do 28º Batalhão de Caçadores e Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Sergipe. O estudo coloca em destaque que a IPM reforçava o rol das “forças morais” que ajudariam na organização do Estado, principalmente por incutir na juventude a disciplina, o patriotismo e o “espírito militar”. A IPM no Atheneu Sergipense se configurou como disciplina escolar, apresentando as finalidades, os conteúdos e as formas de avaliação. Assim, os princípios do Exército a serem difundidos entre os civis revelaram o expresso valor entre a relação do serviço militar obrigatório e a preparação da juventude para a defesa nacional, a partir dos elementos fundantes da instituição militar: a obediência e a disciplina. / São Cristóvão, SE

This thesis examines the National Socialists' ultimate designs for Germany's youth, conveniently organized within the Hitlerjugend. Prevailing scholarship portrays the Hitler Youth as a place for ideological indoctrination and activities akin to the modern Boy Scouts. Furthermore, it often implies that the Hitler Youth was paramilitary but always lacks support for this claim. These claims are not incorrect, but in regard to the paramilitary nature of the organization, they do not delve nearly deeply enough. The National Socialists ultimately desired to consolidate their control over the nation and to prepare the nation for a future war. Therefore, they needed to simultaneously indoctrinate German youth, securing the future existence of National Socialism but also ensuring that German youth carry out their orders and defend Germany, and train the youth in premilitary skills, deliberately attempting to increase the quality of the Wehrmacht and furnish it with a massive, trained reserve in case of war. This paper relies on published training manuals, translated propaganda, memoirs of former Hitler Youth members and secondary literature to examine the form and extent of the ideological indoctrination and premilitary training--which included the general Hitler Youth, special Hitler Youth subdivisions, military preparedness camps akin to boot camp, and elaborate war games which tested the youths' military knowledge. This thesis clearly demonstrates that the National Socialists desired to train the youth in skills that assisted them later in the Wehrmacht and reveals the process implemented by the National Socialists to instill these abilities in Germany's impressionable youth.