This diploma thesis deals with reading literacy in preschool education. The thesis compares the reading literacy development in public and private education. The theoretical part of this thesis presents reading literacy - definition of the concept and subsequent delimitation in different age groups with specific focus on preschool age. Next, the theoretical part of the thesis discusses selected empirical studies in the field of reading literacy, both Czech studies and international studies. The thesis further focuses on functioning of public and private preschool institutions. At the end of the theoretical part of the thesis, reading is described in terms of contents of activities in preschool institutions. Empirical part of the thesis involves qualitative research that aimed to explore how reading literacy is developed in preschool children in public and private institutions. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 10 participants: 5 teachers employed at state kindergartens and 5 teachers employed at private kindergartens. The obtained data were processed by the technique of open coding and analyzed using the method of card unloading. The research findings involve the comparison of reading literacy development in public and private preschool institutions. The results of the...

This diploma thesis deals with the question of how fairy tales affect preschool children. The theoretical part of the work presents the definition, history, development, types and forms of fairy tales, its function and meaning. It also presents the archetypes in fairy tales, the meaning of fairy tales in kindergarten, or the process of reading. Other chapters of the theoretical part of the work characterize the individual developmental periods of the child according to developmental psychology and importance is given mainly to the period of preschool age. The work also deals with the influence of fairy tales on the development of children's thinking, fantasy, attention, memory or communication. The empirical part is processed in the form of qualitative research, the output of which is a project week focused on the importance of fairy tales in a particular kindergarten and interviews with teachers.

The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the level of basic motor skills of preschool children in relation to gender, age, completion of the first figure changes, body composition and level of physical posture development. The study held from May 2013 to January 2014 included 208 children (101 boys and 107 girls) in the age range of 3 - 6 years old attending kindergartens. Each subject was observed based on 32 somatic characteristics (body height, weight, 8 width dimensions, 8 peripheral characteristics of the trunk and limbs, thickness of 14 skinfolds). There was performed the body mass fractionation according to Matiegka's equations for the analysis of body composition. The completion of first character transformations was examined by aspect assessment (according to Filipin rate), so was examined the quality of posture (methods according to Matthias) and the quality of postural functions (method according to Jaroš and Lomíček). In the case of basic motor skills there was chosen 20 ms run with standing start for the testing of speed capability, for the evaluation of explosive strength abilities was selected jump from the spot with two legs reflection, the testing of explosive strength of the upper limbs was exercised by a ball throw (150 g) by both right and left hand and the evaluation...

Summary: This thesis deals with the options of using traffic safety education in kindergarten. It investigates whether there is enough attention to traffic education given in preschool. The theoretical part is focused on basic concepts: education, preschool education, traffic education, all with regard to the issue of preschool age children. It describes the organization involved in the traffic education for preschool age children. It further analyzes the available methodological resources related to this issue due to Framework educational program for preschool education. The next section analyzes the traffic education program, which is assembled in the bachelor thesis. (Husáková 2012) Through analysis of educational programs of individual kindergartens in Decin, I found out, that there is not sufficient attention to traffic education given. Three kindergartens do not have the traffic education incorporated in their school curriculum at all, eleven kindergartens have it only within the school education programs, and only seven kindergartens pays attention to the traffic education in a separate annex. In the survey of methods and programs that I've implemented through the interviews and questionnaires, I found out, that the most common methods used within the traffic education in particular kindergartens...

In the Czech Republic occurred a change of lifestyle in recent decades, there was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and even for preschool children. With these changes can be related as well as the increasing number of children with bad posture. The aim of this research was to analyze weight parameters, body composition, fat distribution and its effect on posture in preschool children. Another aim was compare different methods for calculating the amount of body fat and see if it show the same clinical validity. Furthemore, we compared the measurement of the abdominal circumference with waist circumference in absolute and in relative form, these parameters are often used interchangeably. They are usedto detect fat distribution and estimate the amount of body fat. To determine the distribution of fat is also used centrality indices, which we also compared with abdominal and waist circumference. Our aim was also to evaluate the clinical validity in determining the type of fat distribution. The study included 208 children (101 boys, 107 girls) aged three to six years, most of Prague and its surroundings. Comparing the SDS BMI and weight - height ratio showed a statistically significant difference between the set 2013 and standard. The difference in the values of BMI (p = 0,0006)...

This diploma thesis aims to compare the results in the field of cognitive functions obtained by static and dynamic assessment of children with attachment disorder at preschool age. The ACFS-cz assessment battery was used for the dynamic assessment, specifically four subtests: Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory (Story Retelling), Short-term visual memory, Sequential Pattern Completion. The method of static assessment was Woodcock- Johnson IV COG, specifically four subtests: Visualization, Verbal Attention, Picture Recognition, Analysis-Synthesis. The research sample consisted of 16 preschool children (3 to 6 respectively 8 years) placed in institutional care. The results showed that there were no differences between the of the ACFS-cz pretest scores and the Woodcock-Johnson IV COG scores. While the comparison of the results of the ACFS-cz posttest with Woodcock- Johnson IV COG showed significant differences in the three examined areas (Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory, Short-term visual memory). The outcomes of the dynamic assessment lead to suitable interventions for the cognitive development of children in institutional care. Keywords ACFS, Woodcock-Johnson IV COG, cognitive functions, attachment disorder, preschool age.

The thesis "Communication Competence of Cochlear Implant Users and Their School Placement" deals with cochlear implants problematic and communication competence of preschool aged children with cochlear implants. The thesis focuses on communication skills and school placement of children with cochlear implants. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the application of cochlear implant and the rehabilitation process before and after intervention. It further focuses on the communication competence and the education of implant users. The empirical part includes ten specific cases of children with cochlear implants. Apply one's mind to their language abilities such as vocabulary, understanding and grammar. The empirical part shows that cochlear implant is beneficial to the language abilities. The large part of the studied children became equal to their intact contemporaries. KEYWORDS cochlear implant, communication competence, preschool age, school placement, education, hearing impairment

The primary prevention of dental caries includes the regular reduction of dental plaque, the adequate nutrition with reduced frequency of sugar intake and the application of topical and/or alimentary fluorides. The caries-protective effect of fluorides is based on the stabilization of demineralization/remineralization processes in the surface of teeth. The alimentary fluoride intake involves its nutritional sources, fluoride supplements when administered and unintentionally swallowed fluoride toothpastes. The fluoride intake, besides its verifiable and significant contribution to the control of cariogenic conditions in the oral cavity, brings some risk in the period of permanent teeth development. That is why the fluoride intake in childhood ought to be well set up and controlled for achieving the maximum benefit in caries reduction and for minimizing the risk for the enamel development. The assessment on fluoride content in its most significant nutritional sources and the model estimates of fluoride intake in preschool children have been conducted with the aim at contributing the solution of the benefit/risk strategy of fluoride caries prevention. The fluoride content was estimated in bottled waters for preschool children, in instant milk formulas, in herbal teas for children and in instant products of...

Les problèmes intériorisés, comprenant principalement les problèmes d’anxiété et de dépression, sont des conditions ayant de multiples conséquences pour les personnes touchées (p.ex. : détresse, fatigue importante, difficultés fonctionnelles). Malgré cela, peu d’interventions visent la prévention de ces difficultés à la petite enfance. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient être associés au développement des symptômes intériorisés entre 0 et 5 ans, dont les pratiques parentales et les problèmes extériorisés. Quelques auteurs suggèrent que les programmes de prévention et d’intervention visant la promotion de pratiques parentales adéquates et la diminution des troubles extériorisés en bas âge pourraient permettre la réduction des symptômes intériorisés. La présente étude a pour objectif d’examiner le lien entre la participation au Programme Équipe, un programme préventif visant les pratiques parentales, et les symptômes intériorisés des enfants. Afin de bien comprendre les processus sous-tendant cette relation, les rôles médiateurs des pratiques parentales et les symptômes extériorisés seront examinés. De plus, le rôle modérateur du sexe sera testé afin de voir si les liens diffèrent pour les filles et les garçons. Pour ce faire, 162 familles comptant des enfants de 4 ou 5 ans ont été recrutées pour participer à cette étude expérimentale (participants randomisés dans les groupes intervention et contrôle). Les résultats obtenus dans des analyses de régression linéaire soutiennent que la participation au Programme Équipe tend à prédire une amélioration de l’encadrement et le niveau de soutien à l’autonomie offert par les parents. Des analyses subséquentes d’effets indirects suggèrent que le renforcement de l’encadrement serait associé à une diminution des problèmes de comportements et des symptômes intériorisés. Ces résultats appuient donc la pertinence d’offrir des programmes préventifs dans la diminution des problèmes intériorisés même s’ils ont pour but initial la réduction des problèmes extériorisés à la petite enfance. / Internalizing problems, including anxiety and depression problems, are associated with a range of negative consequences. Despite this, there are only a limited number of interventions that aim to prevent these difficulties in early childhood. Several factors are associated with the development of internalizing symptoms between 0 and 5 years of age, including parenting practices and externalized problems. Some authors suggest that prevention and intervention programs aimed at promoting adequate parenting practices and reducing externalizing symptoms at a young age could reduce internalizing symptoms. The objective of this study is to examine the link between participation in the Équipe Program (COPE in English), a preventive program targeting parenting practices, and internalizing symptoms in children. In order to fully understand the processes underlying this relationship, the mediating role of parenting practices and the externalizing symptoms will be examined. In addition, the moderating role of sex will be tested to see if associations are different for girls and boys. For this, 162 families with children aged 4 or 5 were recruited to participate in a small experimental trial (participants randomized to either the Équipe intervention or a no-intervention control group). The results obtained in linear regression analysis support that participation in the Équipe Program is associated with an improvement in parenting practices related to the discipline and level of autonomy offered by the parents. Subsequent analyzes of indirect effects suggest that the strengthening of adequate discipline is associated with a decrease in behavioral problems and internalizing symptoms. These results support therefore the relevance of offering preventive programs in reducing internalizing problems even if their initial goal is to reduce externalized problems in early childhood.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL IDENTIFICATION Title of thesis: Project "Children at the start" in times of COVID-19 Department: Faculty of Education, Charles University, Department of Physical Education Author: Bc. Lucie Ajchlerová Supervisor: PaedDr. Jana Hájková Year of elaboration: 2021 Abstract: This Diploma thesis tries to approach the issue of the project "Children at the start" and the situation that occurred with the occurrence of covid-19 in conjunction with government measures to prevent the spread of this disease. The project deals with the development of physical activity within children from 4 to 9 years of age. Project has its centres throughout the Czech Republic. The research should show how the project "Children at the start" tried to respond to the situation that occurred in the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire survey was conducted with parents and legal representatives of children involved in the project, as well as heads of centres, head coaches and assistant coaches. These two different groups provided a double view of the issue. The Diploma thesis came to the results that the project is very variable, and some centres are able to run their training units under strict measures. Keywords: physical activity, covid-19, Children at the start, preschool age, younger school age