Ultraviolet energy has been used in the past to disinfect drinking water and fruit juice. This paper will discuss the impact of ultraviolet energy on strawberry shelf life. The ultraviolet tunnel used in the study utilizes lamps that are designed to emit specific narrow wavelength spectrum, of 253.7 nanometers. The tunnel was made of polished aluminum and reflects beams of energy within the tunnel. Ultraviolet energy can improve food safety by destroying the microorganisms, such as E coli and salmonella that cause food-borne illnesses. Ultraviolet energy can extend shelf life of produce and make it possible to keep these foods for greater periods of time while keeping the integrity of the berry intact. A review of literature was conducted to identify the pathogens that affected this study, these pathogens were: Grey Mold, Botrytis cinerea ; Dry Crown Rot Botryotinia fuckeliana ; Phomopis Leaf Blight, Phomopsis obscurans and Dendrophoma obscurans ; Rhizopus Rot (leak), Rhizopus stolonifer ; and Tan-brown rot, Discohainesia oenotherae . It was found that ultraviolet viable application range rate were 88.1mj/cm3, 140mj/cm3, 191.9mj/cm3, 243.8mj/cm3, 295.7mj/cm3 and 347.6mj/cm3 lasted longest and these rates were used in the full test run. Results indicated that a significant shelf life extension of strawberries was achieved at each of these treatment levels. The average shelf life of non-treated berries was 14.9 days whereas the average treated strawberries range from 17.25 to 20.9 days. A lowest level of treatment was reached at 15 seconds or 88mj/cm3. A statistical relationship between application rates and shelf life was determined. Using an ANOVA table at 95% confidence interval, it was determined when all samples, as individuals, were considered that the shelf life was extended by exposure to ultraviolet energy. Another ANOVA table was used for each treatment group versus the control group, all treatment groups showed a significant difference opposed to the control group. In conclusion, this study shows that applying ultraviolet energy to strawberries significantly improves shelf life. There was not a significant benefit to exposing the strawberries to added ultraviolet energy.

The use of architecture as a transformation tool can barely do that job if no intervention is permitted to take place. Sometimes it is right to gently touch or leave unmarked, but sometimes it is necessary to expose in order to preserve / Master of Architecture

Includes appendix on CD-ROM (p. 157). / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-175). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xiv, 175 leaves, bound ill. (some col., one folded), maps (some col.) 29 cm. +

The Big Thicket National Preserve is located in the southern part of the United States. It is within the Pineywoods vegetation region of southeastern Texas. This study area was the Canyonlands Unit, a unit located entirely within Tyler County, Texas. This unit is one of the most recently acquired units within the Big Thicket National Preserve. It was acquired in 1993 and is composed of 1,476 acres. The purpose of this study was to make a complete list of all the vascular plant species within the Canyonlands Unit. The numbers of plant species within this unit were compared to three other units within the preserve that are relatively close to the Canyonlands Unit. The plant species within these units were compared on number of species that are native versus introduced, longevity, season of growth, plant type (woody versus herbaceous), plant group (monocots, dicots, gymnosperms, ferns) and upland versus wetland plants based on region six wetland indictor values. The wetland plant species were compared among themselves as the number of obligate species versus facultative wetland plant numbers. This study also shows the number of invasive and weedy species within the Canyonlands Unit. Along with determining the number of plant species and comparing those with the number of species in the other units, a Cluster Analysis and Indicator Species Analysis was conducted on the woody vegetation within the Canyonlands Unit in order to determine woody plant communities. These analyses were conducted by using the statistical software, PC-ORD.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (Leaves: 58-63)

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (January 15, 2010)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

During 1991-1993, I studied movements of 23 adult and 7, 8-10 week old nestling bald eagles captured in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. I estimated locations by homing and satellite telemetry. During the breeding season, the distances adult eagles moved from successful, unsuccessful, and mixed-success nests were not significantly different (£ = 0.148). Regardless of nest success, the proportion of adult eagle locations within 750 m of their nest were not significantly different during the breeding season (£ = 0.152) and between the breeding and non-breeding seasons (£ = 0.075). On average, bald eagles were perched 91 % of the time; and perching was the most frequently observed activity (£ < 0.001). Adult eagles perched more often in conifers than cottonwoods, snags, or intertidal debris (£ < 0.001). Perch types selected (£ = 0.473), as well as eagle activity (£ = 0.126) were not significantly different during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Fifty-eight percent of radio-ma~ked adult eagles used 3 watersheds in Glacier Bay from August through January 1991-1993. Six adult (26%) and 6 (86%) fledgling eagles moved out of Glacier Bay during the non-breeding season. Four adult eagles (17%) traveled to the Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve in late November and December (mean distance from nest to preserve = 74 km) and 57% of the fledgling eagles were on the Chilkat River in October, where they remained for 2-12 weeks. After leaving the Chilkat River, all fledgling eagles traveled in a southeasterly direction; one male fledgling traveled 435 km in 28 days to Prince Rupert, British Columbia. / Master of Science