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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of certain vapor pressure relations of solutions in binary liquid mixtures

Carroll, Burt H. January 1922 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1922. / Typescript. With this are bound 3 articles from Journal of the Americal Chemical Society: A calorimeter for heats of mixing at elevated temperatures / By Burt H. Carroll and J. Howard Mathews. Vol. XLVI, no. 1 (Jan. 1924), p. [30]-36 -- The effect of a non-volatile solute on the partial pressures of liquid mixtures at the boiling point / By Burt H. Carroll, G.K. Rollefson and J. Howard Mathews. Vol. 47 (1925), p. 1785-1791 -- Ebullioscopic measurements in mixed solvents / By Burt H. Carroll, G.K. Rollefson and J. Howard Mathews. Vol. 47 (1925), p. 1791-1799. Includes bibliographical references.
2

Enhanced dissolution of soda-lime glass under stressed conditions with small effective stress (0.05 MPa) at 35℃ to 55℃: Implication for seismogeochemical monitoring

KAWABE, Iwao, MIYAKAWA, Kazuya, YANG, Tianshi January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
3

The vapor pressure of binary solutions of ethyl alcohol and cyclohexane at 25 and 35 degrees centigrade,

Handorf, Benjamin H. January 1934 (has links)
Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Nebraska, 1934. / Bibliography: p. 34-35. Also issued in print.
4

The vapor pressure of binary solutions of ethyl alcohol and cyclohexane at 25 and 35 degrees centigrade,

Handorf, Benjamin H. January 1934 (has links)
Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Nebraska, 1934. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 34-35.
5

A study of the vapor pressure of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride at 20⁰ C

Bahlke, William Herbert, January 1922 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1921. / Biography.
6

The effect of hydrothermally generated talc upon fault strength

Ellis, Amy Clare January 2014 (has links)
At present there is no theory which describes fully observations of weakness and anomalous slip behaviour on many faults. Recent field studies upon such faults indicate that reactions which generate frictionally weak phyllosilicate minerals, including talc, may be significant. A series of experiments was carried out on a deionised water fluid medium triaxial deformation apparatus to investigate the effect of the syntectonic generation of talc upon fault strength and slip characteristics, where talc is produced by the reaction: lizardite + quartz → talc + H2O. Experiments to investigate reaction kinetics were performed on lizardite and Brazilian quartz powder samples. Talc is generated by this reaction within 72 hours under hydrothermal conditions between 350°C and 500°C and effective pressures of 5 to 50 MPa. Microstructural study shows porous talc overgrowths surrounding lizardite and quartz grains suggesting an armouring effect with progressive reaction. Constant displacement rate tests and subsequent stress relaxation tests were performed upon cylindrical samples of lizardite and Hodge quartzite saw-cut at 35° juxtaposed across the shear zone. Some samples were assembled with pure talc or lizardite gouge between the forcing blocks. Tests were carried out under hydrothermal conditions: 450 °C, 50 to 150 MPa effective pressure and 4.64 x 10-4 mm s-1 shear surface displacement rate. Some samples were deformed at once to assess frictional properties of the starting materials. Other samples were held at hydrothermal conditions for 72 hours prior to deformation, to allow the blocks and gouge to react to talc. Continued reaction to talc was expected during stress relaxation. All samples displayed stable sliding behaviour, with little strain hardening. Friction coefficients averaged from varied effective pressure tests were largely in line with previous studies. A strength contrast is shown between talc gouge (average µ=0.11) and talc grown as a thin veneer between lizardite and quartz forcing blocks, (average µ=0.22) which is likely to be due to asperity effects including the variable contiguity of the talc veneer. Lizardite gouge gives a value of µ=0.45, but when partially reacted to talc gives µ=0.23. This is significantly weaker despite representing perhaps less than 15% talc. Stress relaxation data initially shows similar behaviour for all sample geometries, with a temperature-controlled dominant deformation mechanism. Lizardite gouge with ongoing reaction to talc shows enhanced shear stress reduction at low strain rates (stress exponent falls from n=12 to n=5.5). This is ascribed to the effect of reaction via production of a weaker phase, leading to reduction of frictional strength and grain size, compaction and pressure solution effects. Pure lizardite gouge also shows a reduction in stress exponent to n=7.5, attributed to dissolution-precipitation of lizardite. Microstructural study shows that talc grows as a thin veneer along the quartzite forcing block indicative of localisation of deformation with foliated talc and recrystallised lizardite present within Riedel shear structures in the lizardite gouge. The talc veneers are deformed and may be subject to mechanical smearing, enhancing their contiguity. Results of this study highlight the significance of both mechanical smearing and incongruent pressure solution creep as potential mechanisms for weakening and aseismic creep-of particular interest is the rate of strength reduction versus the rate of reaction and whether this can be extrapolated fully to creep rates on the San Andreas Fault. Similar weak phases of hydrothermal origin have been identified by other studies and the contiguity of these phases is thought crucial to their impact upon weakness, and may be enhanced greatly by the joint effects of syntectonic reaction and mechanical smearing.
7

A Petrographic Study of Pressure Solution Cleavage in Metagreywackes of the Goldenville Formation, Meguma Group, Nova Scotia

Thompson, Mary Joanne 04 1900 (has links)
<p> Metagreywackes of the Goldenville Formation, Nova Scotia, possess a well developed spaced cleavage. Petrographic evidence suggests that the dominant mechanism producing this cleavage has been pressure solution, involving the dissolution of quartz from cleavage zones. A large amount of shortening occurs during cleavage development due to this volume loss of quartz. Based on a simple comparison of amounts of mica in cleavage and lithon zones shortenings of 50 - 60% have been found.</p> <p> Cleavage zones are marked by distinct mineralogical variations, notably a high content of white mica, and a low quartz content. Trends for all components have been documented to characterize the cleavage and lithon zones.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)
8

Processus physiques et chimiques en failles sismiques : exemples de failles actives et exhumées / Physico-chemical processes in seismogenic faults : active and exhumed examples

Mittempergher, Silvia 04 April 2012 (has links)
Les processus physiques et chimiques activés pendant le cycle sismique déterminent l'évolution des propriétés mécaniques des failles, à court terme (pendant un séisme) comme à long terme (la récupération des propretés élastiques des roches de faille après un seisme). L'étude des roches de faille naturelles est un moyen pour identifier les processus actives pendant les diverses phases des cycle séismique. En cette thèse, échantillons prévenants de deux failles séismiques sont étudiés: la Faille de San Andreas (California, USA), une faille séismique active, et la faille de Gole Larghe (Alpes Méridionales, Italie), une faille séismique exhumée. La Faille de San Andreas a été forée jusqu'à 2.7km de profondeur. Les échantillons montrent une superposition de: pression-dissolution - hydrofracturation - pression dissolution. La succession des évents est compatible avec la formation de sacs de fluides dans zones de basse perméabilité dans la faille, ou la pression de fluides augmente à cause de le progressif compactage de le gouge de faille, jusqu'à la nucléation de une rupture. La faille de Gole Larghe est une faille exhumée, qui a préservé des pseudotachylytes (roches fondues par le chaleur de friction pendant une frottement séismique) formées à 9 - 11 km de profondeur il y a 30 millions d'années. Deux argumentes sont traités: (i) l'évolution des microstructures des cataclasites associées à les pseudotachylytes, pour identifier les processus qui peuvent porter à la formation de instabilités frictionnelles pendant les premières phases de croissance de une faille. (ii) L'origine des fluides en failles séismiques et pendant la fusion pour friction. La formation de un système de failles à cataclasites permit la percolation de un fluide aqueux de profondeur. La composition isotopique des pseudotachylytes (calculé sans la component de hydratation) est proche à celle des pseudotachylytes reproduites en expériences du laboratoire (sans fluides). La principale source de fluides pendant la fusion pour friction est donc la déshydratation des minéraux hydraté des roches autour de la faille. / The time recurrence of earthquakes is the result of the feedback between the tectonic loading and the evolution of fault strength during the seicmic cycle. This thesis aims to identify the chemical and physical processes in fault rocks from the modern seismogenic San Andreas Fault (California, USA) and the ancient seismogenic Gole Larghe Fault (Southern Alps, Italy). The San Andreas Fault was drilled to 2.7 km depth, and samples were extracted from the depth of nucleation of repeating microearthquakes. A cyclic recurrence of pressure-solution creep – hydrofracture - pressure solution creep supports the idea that isolated compartments of high fluid pressure might cause the nucleation of small to moderate size earthquakes, associated with the dominant creeping activity in this fault segment. The Gole Larghe Fault Zone was active 30 Ma ago at 9 – 11 km depth. The occurrence of pseudotachylytes witnesses its seismic behavior. Two topics were investigated: (i) The fabric evolution of cataclastic rocks with increasing deformation, to identify the processes potentially leading to the onset of unstable slip at the early stages of fault growth. (ii) The origin of fluids involved in seismic faulting and frictional melting. The formation of a cataclastic fault network allows the ingression of external hydrous fluids, probably of deep origin. The similar isotopic composition of natural pseudotachylytes and pseudotachylytes produced in dry conditions suggests that the fluid source is the dehydration of OH-bearing minerals in the wall rocks induced by coseismic frictional heating.
9

Rhéologie, localisation de la déformation et histoire des contraintes dans les calcaires du site de Bure / Rheology, strain localization and stress history in the limestones of Bure (Meuse, France)

Rolland, Alexandra 24 January 2013 (has links)
Un Laboratoire de Recherche Souterrain (URL) a été construit en 2000 par l’Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (Andra) dans le but d’étudier la faisabilité d’un site de stockage de déchets radioactifs dans une formation d’argile à Bure dans la Meuse. L’horizon choisi pour le laboratoire est une couche de 135 m d’épaisseur de roches argileuses du Callovo-Oxfordien (COX) qui s’étend de 420 à 555 m sous le Laboratoire du site de Bure. La couche d’argilites est entourée de bancs calcaires de l’Oxfordien et du Dogger (respectivement, 161,2 à 164,7 Ma et 164,7 à 175,6 Ma). De nombreux stylolites ont été trouvés dans ces horizons calcaires. Le but de ce travail était d’étudier la rhéologie des horizons contenant ces stylolites et d’utiliser ces structures comme marqueurs de contraintes dans la zone proche de l’URL. Pour ce travail, un grand nombre d’échantillons avec et sans stylolites ont été prélevés dans de nombreuses carottes provenant de plusieurs forages dans les formations de l’Oxfordien et du Dogger. Les mesures pétrophysiques et les études de microstructure mises en œuvre sur ces calcaires révèlent la structure microporeuse de toutes ces roches, de porosités comprises entre 4 et 18 %. La présence des stylolites s’accompagne d’une augmentation localisée de la porosité et de variations sensibles de certaines propriétés physiques ainsi que de la résistance mécanique des calcaires. Un modèle reliant une longueur caractéristique associée à la morphologie d’un stylolite et la contrainte associée au développement de cette structure est présenté. Pour utiliser ce modèle, nous avons développé une méthode pour analyser la morphologie de stylolites à partir du calcul du spectre de puissance de Fourier en prenant en compte toutes les difficultés liées à la géométrie de carottes provenant de forages. Cette méthode est appliquée pour des stylolites échantillonnés à des profondeurs différentes, de 158 m à 800 m dans les formations calcaires de l’Oxfordien et du Dogger. Nous avons analysé des profils 1D extraits des contours des carottes. En accord avec les prédictions théoriques, nous avons observé sur les spectres résultants des analyses, deux régimes différents pour les petites et grandes échelles séparés par une longueur de coupure. Nous avons ensuite déterminé les paléocontraintes associées aux longueurs de coupures trouvées et aux modules élastiques des roches. En considérant l’évolution géologique des formations du site de Bure, nous discutons pour finir les variations avec la profondeur des paléocontraintes estimées pour les stylolites des formations de l’Oxfordien et du Dogger. / In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a radioactive waste repository (HLW) in clay-stone formation, the french national radioactive waste management agency (Andra) started in 2000 to build an underground research laboratory (URL) at Bure in the south of the Meuse district. The target horizon for the laboratory is a 135 m thick layer of argillaceous rock (Callovo-Oxfordian claystone) that lies between about 420 and 555 meters below the surface at the URL site. The argillite layer (COX) is surrounded by limestones from the Dogger and the Oxfordian ages (respectively 164,7 to 175,6 Ma and 161,2 to 164,7 Ma). Numerous stylolites were found in these limestones. The aim of this work is to study the rheology of these stylolite-riched horizons and the stylolites as stress gauges in the Dogger and Oxfordian formations. In this work, a wide range of samples with and without stylolites were sampled in the Dogger and Oxfordian formations. Petrophysical measurements and microstructural studies showed that all these limestones have a microporous structure. We showed that the stylolites induced significant variations in some physical properties and in the rock strength. Based on an analytical model, presented here in details, linking a characteristic length associated to the stylolite morphology and the stress associated to the development of that stylolite, a method for the morphology analysis of stylolites is developed, using a Fourier power spectrum technique, by taking into account all the difficulties linked to the use of cores from deep boreholes. We apply this method on stylolites at various depths, starting from the Oxfordian formation at a depth of 158 meters to the Dogger formation at a depth of 800 meters. No stylolites are found in the intermediate Callovo-Oxfordian claystone formation. We analyze 1D profiles taken on the outer part of the cores. In agreement with theoretical predictions, we always observe two regimes for small and large scales separated by a cross-over length. We, then, infer the corresponding paleostresses from this cross-over length and from the elastic properties of the rocks. Considering the geological evolution of the area, we discuss the variation with depth of the inferred paleostresses in the Dogger and Oxfordian formations.
10

Contribution de la mécanique à l'étude des bassins sédimentaires : modélisation de la compaction chimique et simulation de la compaction mécanique avec prise en compte d'effets tectoniques / Contribution of mechanics to the study of sedimentary basins : modelling of the chemical compaction and simulation of the mechanical compaction with consideration of tectonic effects

Guilmin, Anne-Lise 10 September 2012 (has links)
Avec l'augmentation de la demande énergétique et la raréfaction des réserves prouvées de pétrole, l'exploration pétrolière se tourne vers des sites de plus en plus difficiles, notamment les bassins géologiquement complexes. Pour évaluer les paramètres clés de l'exploration-production, des logiciels de simulation sont utilisés pour reconstituer l'historique du bassin. La modélisation physique et la formulation numérique sur lesquelles ils s'appuient doivent alors être enrichies pour mieux appréhender (voire prédire) le développement des surpressions. Cette thèse comporte deux volets: l'amélioration de la modélisation du géomatériau grâce à la micromécanique et le développement d'un outil de simulation gérant les spécificités de notre problème. Une nouvelle modélisation micromécanique du géomatériau est proposée pour tenir compte du mécanisme de pression-dissolution (compaction chimique). L'intérêt de la micromécanique est d'obtenir une loi macroscopique calibrée avec des données microscopiques mesurables en laboratoire. Depuis les travaux d'Athy (1930), modéliser l'évolution de la porosité aux grandes échelles de temps reste une problématique majeure. Aujourd'hui elle est estimée à l'aide de courbes empiriques de porosité-profondeur, qui hélas présentent une grande variabilité. Notre approche consiste à calculer la porosité au cours de l'enfouissement à l'aide de la déformation du squelette et de la pression de pore, ces deux variables couplées étant issues de la résolution d'équations mécaniques fondamentales. Une formulation originale a été conçue selon cette approche pour traiter la sédimentation et le déséquilibre de compaction, tensoriellement, en grandes déformations, suivant un mécanisme de compaction mécanique, avec un comportement évoluant dans le temps. L'implémentation numérique est quasiment aboutie et a déjà été validée partiellement avec des résultats analytiques. Une fois finalisé, cet outil de simulation devrait permettre de traiter des situations non oedométriques (contrairement aux simulateurs actuels) et permettre l'étude des bassins à histoire tectonique complexe / With the rise of energetic demand and the growing scarcity of proved reserves of oil, the oil industry explores areas of extreme conditions and geologically complex basins. To estimate the key parameters for exploration-production, simulation softwares are used to reconstitute the history of the basin. The physical modelling and the numerical formulation on which they lean must be enriched to understand (even predict) overpressures. This thesis work contains two items: the improvement of the modelling of geomaterials using micromechanics and the development of a hydromechanical simulation tool handling the specificities of our problem. A new micromechanical modelling of geomaterials is designed to take into account the mechanism of pressure-dissolution (chemical compaction). The asset of micromechanics is to produce a macroscopic law calibrated with microscopic data which can be measured in laboratory. Since the work of Athy (1930), modelling the evolution of porosity over geological time-scale remains a major challenge. Today it is estimated by means of empirical curves of porosity-depth, which regrettably present a big variability. Our approach consists in evaluating the porosity during burial relatively to the strain of the skeleton and the pore pressure - these two coupled variables resulting from fundamental mechanical equations. An original formulation is designed according to this approach to treat the sedimentation and the desequilibrium compaction, tensorially, in large strains, following a mechanism of mechanical compaction, with a time-dependent behavior. Its numerical encoding is almost finished and has already been partially validated with analytical solution. Once finished, this simulation tool should allow to treat not only oedometrical situations but more general situations (contrary to current simulators) and study basins with complex tectonic history

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