This thesis is an articulation of how the principles of socially-engaged Buddhism, a spiritual practice rooted in the teachings of the historical Buddha that integrates Buddhist practice and social activism, can enrich and enhance contemporary educational practice. It discusses Buddhist epistemology, metaphysics, ontology, psychology, ethics, and practice and relates these things to holistic education, critical pedagogy, SEL, and global education. On the basis of the theoretical understanding represented by that discussion, it articulates several theoretical principles that can be practically applied to the practice of teaching and learning to make it resonate with the theory and approach of sociallyengaged Buddhism. In integrating the implications of Buddhist teachings and practices with teaching and learning practice, it draws from bell hooks’ notion of “engaged pedagogy” in order to articulate a transformational, liberatory, and progressive approach to teaching called “socially-engaged pedagogy.” Socially-engaged pedagogy represents the notion that teaching and learning can be a practical site for progressive social action designed to address the real problem of suffering, both in the present and in the future, as it manifests in the world, exemplified by stress, illness, violence, war, discrimination, oppression, exploitation, poverty, marginalization, and ecological degradation. / Education, Faculty of (Okanagan) / Graduate

This diploma thesis deals with the recording rights and other data in the Land Register. This thesis looks at the history and the principles of the Cadastre. Every way of entering in the Land Register is analyzed in the thesis, the text points out changes made due to re-codification of private law. The attention is paid to the entry of legal relations and recording procedure.

This work focuses on the contemporary form of the constitutional principles of equality and non-discrimination. These are human rights which have been formed in the society during last decades, and these changes have usually been dynamic and also crucial. For the purpose of understanding these principles and their position in the society, this work deals with analysis, development and influential factors related to these principles. First of all, this work provides general description of principles, which is a terminological basis, it also analyses constitutional principles and legal interpretation. Then it focuses on the principles of equality and non-discrimination, their relation and possibility of restriction. Besides from explanation of the relevant terms, this work also contains their more detailed analysis. The second chapter describes the process of enshrining these principles and strengthening their role in the society. Furthermore, it focuses on the process of enshrining itself, and provides examples of subjects and processes supporting this extension. The end of this chapter is a thought about the name of this work, and it contains primarily the examples from today, which demonstrate the scope of changes regarding these principles. The work also includes consideration of the question which ideas...

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16816号 / 工博第3537号 / 新制||工||1535(附属図書館) / 29491 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 松岡 俊文, 教授 垣内 隆, 准教授 西山 哲 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

This thesis examines the problems of implementation of the Islamic “zakat” as a system of taxation. In doing so, it seeks to establish coherent and consistent principles for zakat assessment, collection and disbursement, and to measure the Saudi zakat system against these principles. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is regarded as the cradle of Islam and it would therefore have been expected that Saudi Arabia would implement zakat correctly. However, this thesis argues that the current implementation of zakat in the Saudi legal system is fundamentally flawed, because it does not comply with a significant proportion of the fundamental principles of zakat. This thesis highlights the problems inherent in Saudi Arabia’s arguably excessive reliance on fatwas for the implementation of zakat. It is argued that these fatwas have rendered contemporary practice of zakat distant from the fundamental principles of zakat. This issue is examined with reference to original sources on zakat (Quranic verses and related statements by the Prophet Muhammad), and Islamic jurisprudence generally. The contention herein will be that the Zakat Regulation in Saudi Arabia requires reform in accordance with the principles identified in this thesis. This thesis begins by examining the concept and principles of zakat, and then establishes the principles of zakat collection, zakat application and zakat disbursement, the zakat practice in Saudi Arabia and its problems, and finally offers recommendations that would render Saudi law conformant with zakat principles.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common work-related health problems in economically developed countries and the most prevailing musculoskeletal condition that causes disability in the developing nations. School teachers are susceptible to LBP due to the nature of their daily work routine which is physically demanding and include common activities such as long hours of sitting, standing and bending that have been identified as risk factors for LBP. The aim of the study was to determine the role of work-related activities in the prevalence of LBP amongst primary school teachers in the Dar-es-Salaam region of Tanzania. To achieve this goal, the study sought to meet the following three objectives: to determine the prevalence of LBP among primary school teachers; to determine the work-related physical activities contributing to LBP among primary school teachers, and to determine and explore the application of kinetic handling principles in their daily work environment. The study was conducted in eighty randomly selected primary schools from the Temeke, Ilala and Kinondoni districts. A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was utilised. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections (socio-demographic information; the Nordic Back Pain Questionnaire and the Oswestry Lower back pain Questionnaire) was completed by two hundred and eighty six primary school teachers with a mean age of 41.2 years (SD=9.9), 78.7% female and 21.3% male. Thirty primary school teachers participated in the participant observation of the application of kinetic handling principles in their daily work environment and focus group discussions. Results of the study found that 17.1% of the teachers had LBP during the past week while 82.9% experienced LBP during the past year. In addition, 30.8% of the teachers had referred pain, mostly to the thigh area (43.9%). Less than fifty percent (43.5%) of the participants had severe pain in sitting (76 – 100mm on the VAS scale) while 26.9% was not able to sit for more than an hour while teaching due to LBP. A significant relationship was found for severe functional disability and gender (p=0.032). The study demonstrated poor application of kinetic handling principles at work. Factors impeding teachers’ efforts to implement best practices and back care techniques in their daily teaching activities were work environment (poor facilities and equipment; heavy workload and staff shortage) and uncertainty about desired practice. In order to address the higher prevalence of lower back pain the study recommended, inter alia, improvement of the work environment for teachers by providing proper office furniture, re-assessment of education standards such as students /class ratio, students/desk ratio and number of teachers for schools and lastly, the implementation of health education and health promotion strategies to prevent LBP amongst primary school teachers.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Despite the fact that local government is nothing like it was several decades ago in terms of the numerous reform changes it has undergone, within the South African context we find that many of the elements of bureaucracy still represent local government institutions. In this regard bureaucratic structures were designed to have compliant employees who make decisions according to specified behaviours and rules. This feature of bureaucracy ensures that its leaders are not encouraged to take risks. In a bureaucracy it is preferable to stick to the tried and tested habits and practices as it is against these metrics that performance is assessed and promotions awarded. Innovative, entrepreneurial leaders run the risk of losing their jobs if they endeavour to either think or step outside of the box. The notion of embedding an innovative culture therefore becomes a challenge within the constraints of the public sector. There is an uneasy tension between the need for a cultural revolution of outdated bureaucracies in order to enhance flexibility and innovation on the one hand, and the desire to maintain the standards and procedures that are necessary for quality, accountable services to a broad range of stakeholders on the other. In effect there is tension between the need to be innovative and compliant. In this regard the adaptive local government organisation might be one that is not too prominent in terms of innovative cultural characteristics. But it might be one that displays both innovative and bureaucratic organisational cultural characteristics as it strives to achieve this dual objective of innovation and compliance. The study aims to see if transformational leadership principles can be applied under the prevailing conditions of policy, laws and strict compliance within local government. This study is based on the belief that leadership can influence organisational culture as it tries to bring about change. Leaders have to be up for the challenge to create an open culture that encourages change. By developing cultures that foster innovation leaders can help their organisations become more responsive to the changes in the external environment and become more effective. In order for their organisations to become more innovative, leaders would have to change their leadership practices and approaches to shape the new culture of their organisations. In this regard the buzzword over the last few decades in public administration has been change. One of the essential elements of leadership is change. Leaders are agents of change, be it at organisational level or at societal level. They represent the catalysts of social movements. Such a context is suitable for a transformational type of leadership. They can fulfil this role by inspiring those around them, setting an example and creating a vision of the future that is both attractive and credible. The transformational leadership theory starts from these premises. The transformational leader asks followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the group, organisation, or society, to consider their long-term need for self-development rather than their need of the moment and to become more aware of what is really important (Bass, 2008: 50). Schein (1997:15) reminds us that leadership and organisational culture are two sides of the same coin. The one cannot be studied without consideration for the other. Organisational culture therefore plays an important role in the effectiveness of the reform process. It is within this context of reform and change that leadership and organisational culture become relevant topics of discussion. It is against this backdrop that the study takes a look at the City of Cape Town’s attempts to implement strategies that promotes the type of organisational culture that can advance transformation and change as it strives towards the objective of becoming a world-class city.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Governance is essentially the process whereby organisations or networks of organisations exercise their authority. It describes how a body with authority makes or does not make decisions, and how it implements - or does not implement - those decisions. 'Good' groundwater governance can then be defined by how fair the decision-making process is, and how effective the implementation process is. Groundwater governance in South Africa is increasingly being categorized as ineffective. The purpose of this thesis is to explore ways to improve groundwater governance in South Africa. Initial reviews of international studies of groundwater governance did not find any processes that could be directly imported into the South African governance landscape for testing. The global consensus was that there were no blueprints for improving groundwater governance, and that each case should be treated as unique. Therefore the thesis had to change from its initial aim of finding firm rules that could be tested in the South African context, to a revised aim of formulating tentative heuristics, rules, strategies and hypotheses that might be useful for further work in the South African context.An exploratory, inductive-based, loosely structured methodology was therefore employed rather than a more formal, deductive-based testing of hypotheses. In short, the objective of this thesis was concerned with formulating hypotheses rather than testing them.The novel, general, contribution made by this thesis is to synthesize global groundwater governance literature with the specific aim of improving groundwater governance in a specific country. While reviews of global literature do exist, they have thus far only been used to make generic recommendations, and have not been specifically applied to a country. Conversely, while attempts to improve groundwater governance for specific regions and countries do exist, these attempts have largely done so without synthesizing existing global knowledge. Indeed, the emphasis on national, regional and local studies has principally been to understand the factors at work affecting groundwater governance, rather than to improve governance.

The emerging markets have become a new growth opportunity for multinational corporations (MNCs). This could be attributed to the stagnation of growth within the developed markets and the emergence of strong economic growth within emerging markets. Yet, MNCs have varying levels of success due to overlooking of certain components lacking in emerging markets, such as infrastructure. Furthermore, the strategic planning and execution frameworks utilised by MNCs are based on assumptions that are valid for the developed markets, but not always for the emerging markets.The objective of this research was to determine if there is a link between the application of specific interrelated principles for defining and executing strategy, defined by Raina (2010), and the financial success of MNCs when entering the emerging markets.The research found that there is clear evidence that if certain of the principles are applied by MNCs when entering the emerging markets, there is evidence of greater financial success.The research concluded that the interrelated strategic principles are a valuable framework to deliver financial success for MNCs entering the emerging markets. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Though constructed less than 60 years ago, the Berrals building, situated in the Tshwane Inner City has been identified as a place of historical and national significance. Its importance can be attributed to the designer, Wynand Smit of the architectural firm Smit and Viljoen, who contributed to the establishment of Pretoria Regionalism in the Transvaal (Gerneke 1998:216) and the fact that the building is one of only a few remaining examples of the Brazilian influence on Pretoria Regionalism during the 1950’s. At this point in time the structure is in dire need of an intervention due to its deteriorating state. The strong modern heritage of the building required recognition in the proposed intervention and a study of modern principles and its regional mutations became paramount in determining a suitable design intervention. The study functions as a tool to determine which components of the building, as a modern icon, requires preserving, as well as what the design approach will need to consider in terms of interacting with the modern structure when a suitable new program is inserted into the building. Copyright 2008, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bezuidenhout, L 2008, Urban [i]scape : information centre, MInt(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262008-222534 / > C137/eo / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted