The thesis analyzes the opportunities and limits of application of international private law on the internet. The thesis consists of three areas of interest, one chapter each. The first chapter describes internet from relevantly technical point of view. Internet is distinguished from the services like WWW and analyzed by the view of law as medium that allows formation and realization of legal relationships. Identified are core internet characteristics which create impediments to the application of conflict of law rules. Particular attention is paid to the current state and future of geoidentification. The second chapter unveils possibilities of traditional methods of private international law to cope with the new environment. Firstly are outlined elements of international private law, consequently determined applicable methods and assets and drawbacks of their application on the internet. Finally are delimited applicable instruments in European and Czech law and analyzed from the point of eligibility to effectively govern legal relationship, preferably contracts, emerging on the internet. The last chapter deals with regulation of international B2B e-commerce. Firstly is defined the term itself, identified are the most important laws concerning the matter and finally is analyzed United Nations...

The principle of territoriality is a truism in intellectual property (IP) law. A premise underlying the principle is the right of each state to determine the extent to which IP rights exist and are protected within its own territory to fulfil its own economic, social and cultural policy goals. This is done by giving a right to prevent others from doing within the protected territory any of the acts that are exclusively reserved to the right holder under the IP statute that granted or protects the IP right. The principle of territoriality informs that IP rights granted or protected by a state are independent from those granted or protected by other states, and that the rights conferred under each state’s IP law are limited to the territory of that state. As the principle of territoriality neatly allocated jurisdiction among states on a territorial basis, it purportedly obviated the need for private international law. Each state exercised jurisdiction over the infringement of its own rights and applied its own domestic IP law, which served the interests of the states and of the parties. With the increase in the protection and exploitation of IP rights across national borders, infringements do not remain within hermetically sealed national territories. Acts taken in one state can have effects in other states and impair the policies that the rights were designed to fulfil. This raises questions concerning the territorial scope of application of the domestic IP law, that is, whether it is interpreted with respect to a domestic tangible act, effects on a domestic policy goal or both. In addition, the transborder exploitation of IP rights raises questions of private international law with respect to whether states exercise jurisdiction and apply national law to disputes concerning infringements of their domestic rights or whether states exercise jurisdiction and apply national law to disputes arising from acts committed in their territories (or both). These determinations may depend on different factors such as the different interests taken into consideration (e.g. state or party interests), the different legal traditions upon which the legal systems are based and the characteristics and functions of the IP rights themselves. This dissertation compares the interpretation and operation of the principle of territoriality of IP law in the private law resolution of transborder IP infringement disputes in the legal systems of the European Union and the United States, two distinctly different legal systems that have significant trade and investment relations with each other. The comparison shows that while the systems are functionally similar, the principle of territoriality is interpreted and operates somewhat differently in the two legal systems.

Cyberspace today represents an essential part of society. Its existence has launched a new phenomenon - "virtual reality" - in which similar interactions as in the real world occur. Since the effects of these virtual interactions affect all areas of human existence, as well as relationships in the real world, they must be subject to legal regulation. To be part of cyberspace, especially its most important part - the Internet, means the option to enter into legal relationships with entities regardless of their territorial restrictions. Therefore, these issues must be subject to special attention. In legal science, solutions of such cases fall under specific areas such as in matters relating to civil law into private international law. This dissertation thesis focuses primarily on exploring institutes of private international law within the virtual environment, particularly issues of jurisdiction and law applicable to torts that arise in cyberspace. The goal of this work is to answer the question of whether current standards of private international law are applicable in cyberspace - and what problems may arise in their practical applications. Emphasis is given to the standards applicable in the Czech Republic.

This thesis is a comparison between the Mexico City Convention and the Rome Convention concerning the Conventions’ scope of application, how the applicable law to a contract is determined, and how the applicable law is affected by mandatory rules and public policy. The two Conventions deal with the question of which country’s law is to apply to a contract with international connections. The Conventions do in several situations lead to the same outcome as far as the applicable law is concerned. The reason for this is partly that the Mexico City Convention is based on the Rome Convention. However, there are also differences. One difference between the Conventions is the structure used. The wording of the Rome Convention is more detailed than the wording used in the Mexico City Convention. Another difference that exists concerns the characteristic performance test which is not used in the Mexico City Convention. Moreover, the Mexico City Convention is the more recent one of them, something that is notable in certain provisions since another and more modern approach is chosen. A more notable adjustment to the needs of the international trade is chosen.

<p>This thesis is a comparison between the Mexico City Convention and the Rome Convention concerning the Conventions’ scope of application, how the applicable law to a contract is determined, and how the applicable law is affected by mandatory rules and public policy. The two Conventions deal with the question of which country’s law is to apply to a contract with international connections.</p><p>The Conventions do in several situations lead to the same outcome as far as the applicable law is concerned. The reason for this is partly that the Mexico City Convention is based on the Rome Convention. However, there are also differences. One difference between the Conventions is the structure used. The wording of the Rome Convention is more detailed than the wording used in the Mexico City Convention. Another difference that exists concerns the characteristic performance test which is not used in the Mexico City Convention. Moreover, the Mexico City Convention is the more recent one of them, something that is notable in certain provisions since another and more modern approach is chosen. A more notable adjustment to the needs of the international trade is chosen.</p>

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"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit des affaires" / Ce mémoire aborde les différentes questions juridiques se présentant lorsqu'une partie cherche à fàire reconnaître et à exécuter au Québec, dans le contexte d'une faillite, une sûreté présentant des liens avec plus d'une juridiction canadienne. Plus précisément, le présent ouvrage traite des questions de juridiction se présentant dans de telles circonstances, particulièrement devant quel tribunal des procédures judiciaires doivent être intentées et à l'intérieur de quelle juridiction ces procédures doivent être entamées. Par ailleurs, les questions entourant l'interaction entre la Loi sur la faillite et l'insolvabilité et les dispositions législatives provinciales sur l'exécution et l'ordre de collocation de sûretés dans le contexte d'une faillite présentant des liens avec plus d'une juridiction canadienne sont abordées. De plus,la problématique entourant l'étendue de la reconnaissance au Québec de sûretés créées à l'étranger sera développée. Pour ce faire, une étude comparative des régimes mis en place au Québec et dans les juridictions canadiennes de common law en matière de sûretés sera effectuée. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce mémoire traitera des règles applicables à la reconnaissance au Québec de jugements originant d'une autre juridiction canadienne en matière de reconnaissance et d'exécution de sûretés. / This dissertation addresses the legal issues that must face a party seeking to recognize and enforce in Quebec, in the context of bankruptcy, a security linked to more than one canadian jurisdiction. In that regard, this paper deals with the issues of jurisdiction arising under those circumstances, more specifical1y the determination of the Court before which legal proceedings must be introduced and the jurisdiction where those proceedings must take place. Also, the questions surrounding the interaction between the Bankruptcy and insolvency Act and the provincial legislation pertaining to the enforcement and order of payment of securities is developped in the context of a bankruptcy affecting goods located in more than one canadian jurisdiction. Moreover, the extent ofthe recognition in Quebec of securities created in another canadian jurisdiction is assessed. In doing so, a comparative study of the schemes put in place in Quebec and the other Canadian jurisdictions is completed. Final1y, the last part of this paper focuses on the rules applicable to the recognition in Quebec of judgments originating from other Canadian jurisdictions dealing with the recognition and enforcement of securities.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit" / Un auteur a dit: «L'association d'idée avec la girafe se présente immédiatement à l'esprit, en donner une définition est difficile, mais chacun reconnaît l'animal». Tel est le cas pour la notion de contrat international qui apparaît souvent comme évidente, mais lorsqu'il est question de donner une définition précise la tâche s'avére complexe. L'internationalité du contrat a fait l'objet de plusieurs études et recherches dans le but de délimiter cette notion. La doctrine et la jurisprudence ont élaboré deux méthodes de qualification: économique et juridique; sans pour autant définir le contrat international de façon nette, claire et précise. Le but visé par cette étude est d'essayer d'établir le lien entre la possibilité de fraude à la loi et la problématique de la définition du contrat international; par le biais d'une étude comparative entre le droit civil (français, québécois, tunisien), la common law (Royaume-Uni, Canada, États-Unis), le droit dans les pays à commerce d'État et le droit conventionel. / One author said : «L'association d'idée avec la girafe se présente immédiatement l'esprit, en donner une définition est difficile mais chacun reconnaît l'animal». This is the case for the notion of international contract, whose definition is often presumed to be self-evident, but in reality constructing a precise definition is a very complicated task. The international nature of a contract has been the subject of many studies and much research has been dedicated to this topic, aIl with the goal of formulating a clear definition. Legal doctrine and jurisprudence have succeeded in qualifying international contract as legal or economic without actually defining it in any constant, clear or precise manner. The aim of this study is to make an attempt at establishing a link between possible evasion of the law and the problem of defining international contract; this will b e a chieved v ia a comparative s tudy of c ivill aw (France, Quebec, Tunisia), common law (United Kingdom, Canada, United States) law in countries where the economy is state-run and international treaty law.

80 Summary The theme of this thesis is "Contractual Obligations in Private International Law" and the subtopic is "Employment contract". Within such a defined theme, the thesis examines how Czech courts interpret employment contracts established under the US law. The first chapter outlines the different conceptions of the law in the Czech Republic and the United States of America as a result of different legal and historical development. The second chapter discusses the Czech Private International Law and its position within the Czech Private Law, because a Czech court basically applies Czech conflict rules. The third chapter focuses on two particular disputes of private relationships with an international elements that Czech courts discussed and decided. The subject of both disputes were to assess the termination of employment and other related issues. The aim of the last chapter is to consider these disputes in the light of current legislation. In order to do that I apply Act on Private International Law, as well as Regulation on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I bis), then Act on Private International and Procedure and the US Labour Law. Furthermore, I also apply mandatory rules of Regulation on the law applicable to contractual...

Companies in private international law The topic of this diploma thesis includes questions related to companies in private international law. The thesis deals especially with changes of the Czech law evoked by the recent recodification of the private law in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the thesis is, first of all, to introduce the current form of this part of the law, to sum up and analyse ideas published in expert sources, and also to add own views concerning the topic. Following methods were primarily used: analysis, synthesis, description and comparison. The thesis, besides general Introduction and Conclusion, includes seven individual chapters which create coherent total. Chapter One explains basic terms used in the thesis. The following chapter defines the term personal statute of legal person and introduces two basic principles of its determination - the incorporation principle and the seat principle. The third chapter continues with detailed description of the position of the incorporation principle in the Czech law, including the questions related. Chapter Four defines foreign legal persons and gives the reasons why the registered seat of the legal person is relevant for determination of such a person. Chapter Five focuses on the basis of the fact that a legal person with the seat...