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Forest fires constantly threaten ecological systems, infrastructure and human lives. The purpose behind this study is minimizing the devastating damage caused by forest fires. Since it is impossible to completely avoid their occurrences, it is essential to accomplish a fast and appropriate intervention to minimize their destructive consequences. The most traditional method for detecting forest fires is human based surveillance through lookout towers. However, this study presents a more modern technique. It utilizes land-based real-time multispectral video processing to identify and determine the possibility of fire occurring within the camera’s field of view. The temporal, spectral, and spatial signatures of the fire are exploited. The methods discussed include: (1) Range filtering followed by entropy filtering of the infrared (IR) video data, and (2) Principal Component Analysis of visible spectrum video data followed by motion analysis and adaptive intensity threshold. The two schemes presented are tailored to detect the fire core, and the smoke plume, respectively. Cooled Midwave Infrared (IR) camera is used to capture the heat distribution within the field of view. The fire core is then isolated using texture analysis techniques: first, range filtering applied on two consecutive IR frames, and then followed by entropy filtering of their absolute difference. Since smoke represents the earliest sign of fire, this study also explores multiple techniques for detecting smoke plumes in a given scene. The spatial and temporal variance of smoke plume is captured using temporal Principal Component Analysis, PCA. The results show that a smoke plume is readily segmented via PCA applied on the visible Blue band over 2 seconds sampled every 0.2 seconds. The smoke plume exists in the 2nd principal component, and is finally identified, segmented, and isolated, using either motion analysis or adaptive intensity threshold. Experimental results, obtained in this study, show that the proposed system can detect smoke effectively at a distance of approximately 832 meters with a low false-alarm rate and short reaction time. Applied, such system would achieve early forest fire detection minimizing fire damage. Keywords: Image Processing, Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Principal Component, PC, Texture Analysis, Motion Analysis, Multispectral, Visible, Cooled Midwave Infrared, Smoke Signature, Gaussian Mixture Model.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes the use of an open architecture, low-cost, turnkey Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) processor system. The workstation based system was developed to satisfy the requirement for ground station equipment to handle and process multiple vehicle platforms for telemetry, command and tracking (tone or PRN), including STDN, SGLS and CCSDS link formats. The open architecture of the system allows for easy interface with external equipment for control of antenna systems, encryption units and other related station equipment. Reconfiguration for the various data formats and for system verification is done through a graphical user interfaces using operationally proven commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software and hardware. The open architecture of the system will allow for modifications and upgrades to be cost effective.

The broadcast industry is moving future Digital Television towards Super high resolution TV (4k or 8k) and/or 3D TV. This ultimately will increase the demand on data rate and subsequently the demand for highly efficient codecs. One of the techniques that researchers found it one of the promising technologies in the industry in the next few years is 3D Integral Image and Video due to its simplicity and mimics the reality, independently on viewer aid, one of the challenges of the 3D Integral technology is to improve the compression algorithms to adequate the high resolution and exploit the advantages of the characteristics of this technology. The research scope of this thesis includes designing a novel coding for the 3D Integral image and video compression. Firstly to address the compression of 3D Integral imaging the research proposes novel entropy coding which will be implemented first on 2D traditional images content in order to compare it with the other traditional common standards then will be applied on 3D Integra image and video. This approach seeks to achieve high performance represented by high image quality and low bit rate in association with low computational complexity. Secondly, new algorithm will be proposed in an attempt to improve and develop the transform techniques performance, initially by using a new adaptive 3D-DCT algorithm then by proposing a new hybrid 3D DWT-DCT algorithm via exploiting the advantages of each technique and get rid of the artifact that each technique of them suffers from. Finally, the proposed entropy coding will be further implemented to the 3D integral video in association with another proposed algorithm that based on calculating the motion vector on the average viewpoint for each frame. This approach seeks to minimize the complexity and reduce the speed without affecting the Human Visual System (HVS) performance. Number of block matching techniques will be used to investigate the best block matching technique that is adequate for the new proposed 3D integral video algorithm.

by Choy Ho Yuk, Anthony & Lo Shin Sing, Samuel. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 80-82. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I . --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Evolution of Image Processing --- p.1 / Scope and Statement of the Problem --- p.2 / Methodology --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- TECHNOLOGY OF IMAGE PROCESSING --- p.6 / Concept of Image --- p.6 / What is Image --- p.6 / Image as Non-coded Information --- p.10 / Types of Image --- p.10 / General Flow of Image Processing --- p.11 / Storage of Image Documents --- p.14 / Electromagnetic devices --- p.15 / Optical Disk and Juke Boxes --- p.15 / Storage Management --- p.18 / Image Management System --- p.20 / Image Communication --- p.22 / Chapter III. --- APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING --- p.25 / How to Implement an Image Processing System --- p.25 / Feasibility Study --- p.25 / Implementation Stages --- p.27 / Benefits of Image Processing --- p.31 / Storage --- p.31 / Document Organization --- p.32 / Data Security --- p.32 / Data Integrity --- p.33 / Document Retrieval and Workflow Management --- p.33 / Concurrency --- p.34 / Issues of Image Processing --- p.35 / Cost Justification --- p.35 / Paper Storage Elimination --- p.37 / Data Conversion --- p.38 / Legal acceptance of Image Document --- p.39 / Environment suitable for Image Processing --- p.40 / Banks --- p.40 / Hospitals --- p.41 / Insurance Companies --- p.42 / USAA Image Processing Case Study --- p.43 / Chapter IV. --- INTEGRATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY --- p.47 / Interface with Data Processing --- p.47 / Interface with Microfilm --- p.48 / Input --- p.48 / Storage Media --- p.49 / Output --- p.50 / Software --- p.51 / Comparison between Microfilm and Optical Disk --- p.52 / Integration of Microfilm with Optical Disk --- p.56 / Interface with Facsimile --- p.57 / Chapter V. --- EVALUATION OF EXISTING IMAGING SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS --- p.59 / Image Management Systems --- p.59 / Wang Integrated Image Systems --- p.60 / IBM Imageplus --- p.61 / Philips Megadoc --- p.62 / Scanners --- p.63 / Wang Laboratories --- p.64 / Ricoh --- p.65 / Optical Disks --- p.66 / Storage Dimensions --- p.67 / Wang Laboratories --- p.68 / Limitation of Optical Disk Systems --- p.68 / Printers --- p.69 / Wang Laboratories --- p.70 / IBM --- p.71 / Workstations --- p.71 / Wang PC 200/300 Series Image Workstation --- p.72 / IBM PS/2 Imageplus Workstation --- p.73 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.75 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.80