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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Processos biocatalÃticos utilizando o complexo enzimÃtico dos rizomas de Ipomoea batatas (batata-doce) / Biocatalytic processes using enzyme complex from the rhizomes of Ipomoea potato (sweet potato)

Leonardo AlcÃntara Alves 29 July 2013 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A espÃcie Ipomoea batatas, pertencente à famÃlia Convolvulaceae e popularmente conhecida como batata-doce, batata, camote, boniato, apichu e kumara à uma planta tuberosa de folhas longas e caule que atinge atà 3 metros de comprimento sendo cultivada em todo Brasil devido a sua ampla capacidade de adaptaÃÃo. Diversos trabalhos encontrados na literatura envolvendo o isolamento de substÃncias da batata-doce (BD) descreveram a presenÃa de compostos com atividades biolÃgicas e farmacolÃgicas em sua composiÃÃo, destacando-se as cumarinas esculetina, umbeliferona e escopoletina, com propriedades anticoagulantes e inibitÃrias da replicaÃÃo do HIV. AlÃm desses, sÃo reportadas tambÃm a presenÃa de antocianinas, Ãcidos clorogÃnicos, entre outros. O uso do complexo enzimÃtico de BD como catalisador biolÃgico tambÃm à descrito na literatura sendo observada uma relaÃÃo direta do produto obtido com o meio em que a reaÃÃo ocorre na biorreduÃÃo de cetonas prÃ-quirais. Essa relaÃÃo que despertou o interesse no estudo da espÃcie como biocatalisador em reaÃÃes orgÃnicas, principal objetivo do presente trabalho. Inicialmente, foram avaliadas a capacidade biocatalÃtica de BD e a influÃncia de fatores como: quantidade de biocatalisador, quantidade de substrato, presenÃa de co-solvente, meio tamponante e presenÃa de polivinilpirrolidona (PVP) em reaÃÃes de reduÃÃo da acetofenona 1 obtendo-se um excesso dos Ãlcoois (R)-1-feniletanol nas reaÃÃes em meio aquoso ou tamponante com bioconversÃo variando entre 3,5 â 98,3 % e excesso enantiomÃrico (ee) entre 21,2 â 80,0 % e inversÃo na configuraÃÃo obtendo-se (S)-1-feniletanol como produto majoritÃrio nas reaÃÃes com co-solvente ou PVP com valores de conversÃo variando de 1,0 â 82,8 % e ee entre 11,6 â 96,7 %. As avaliaÃÃes estenderam-se ao uso de substratos derivados de 1 onde observou-se uma tendÃncia dessa inversÃo na configuraÃÃo do produto majoritÃrio nas reaÃÃes onde utilizou-se apenas Ãgua no meio e nas reaÃÃes onde adicionou-se PVP, mais acentuada nos compostos p-substituÃdos, seguida dos m-substituÃdos e o-substituÃdos. Posteriormente, foram utilizados substratos como cetonas alifÃticas, aldeÃdos e nitrocompostos avaliando a influÃncia da presenÃa de PVP no meio reacional com conversÃes variando de 3,0 â 100,0 %. ReaÃÃes de hidrÃlise de Ãsteres biocatalisadas por BD com e sem PVP tambÃm foram realizadas. Os valores de conversÃo e excesso enantiomÃrico dos produtos prÃ-quirais foram analisados por cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa com espectrÃmetro de massas (CG-EM). / Ipomoea batatas specie, belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and popularly known as sweet potato, potato, camote, boniato, apichu and kumara is a tuberous plant of long leaves and stems that reach up to 3 meters long been cultivated throughout Brazil due to its wide adaptability. Several studies in the literature involving the isolation of substances from sweet potato (BD) described the presence of compounds with biological and pharmacological activities in its composition, highlighting the coumarins esculetin, umbelliferone and scopoletin with anticoagulant properties and inhibitory replication HIV. In addition to these, are also reported the presence of anthocyanins, chlorogenic acids, among others. The use of BD as enzyme complex biological catalyst is also described in the literature was observed a direct correlation product obtained with the medium wherein the reaction occurs in the bioreduction of prochiral ketones. This relationship that sparked interest in the study of the species as biocatalyst in organic reactions, main objective of the present work. Initially, we evaluated the ability of biocatalytic BD and the influence of factors such as the amount of biocatalyst, amount of substrate, co-solvent, buffer means and the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in reactions of reduction of acetophenone first obtaining an excess the alcohols (R)-1-phenylethanol in reactions in aqueous buffer with or bioconversion range from 3.5 to 98.3% enantiomeric excess (ee) between 21.2 to 80.0% and inversion of configuration to yield (S)-1-phenylethanol as the major product in reactions with co-solvent or PVP conversion values ranging from 1.0 to 82.8% ee and from 11.6 to 96.7%. The evaluations were extended to the use of derivatives substrate 1 where there was a trend reversal in this configuration major product in reactions where only water was used and reactions among which PVP was added, the sharper the compounds p- substituted, then the msubstituted and o-substituted. Subsequently, they were used as substrates aliphatic ketones, aldehydes and nitro evaluating the influence of the presence of PVP in the reaction with conversions ranging from 3.0 to 100.0%. The hydrolysis of esters by BD biocatalisadas with and without PVP were also performed. The values of conversion and enantiomeric excess of the pro-chiral products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS)
2

Asymmetrische Allylierung von prochiralen Ketonen und deren Anwendung in der Synthese von Pinnatolid und Furopinnatin / Asymmetric allylation of prochiral ketones and its application in the synthesis of pinnatolid and furopinnatin

Wolfram, Thomas 19 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.

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